Salivary biomarkers: novel noninvasive tools to diagnose chronic inflammation

International Journal of Oral Science, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: June 29, 2023

Abstract Several chronic disorders including type 2 diabetes (T2D), obesity, heart disease and cancer are preceded by a state of low-grade inflammation. Biomarkers for the early assessment encompass acute phase proteins (APP), cytokines chemokines, pro-inflammatory enzymes, lipids oxidative stress mediators. These substances enter saliva through blood flow and, in some cases, there is close relation between their salivary serum concentration. Saliva can be easily collected stored with non-invasive cost-saving procedures, it emerging concept to use detection inflammatory biomarkers. To this purpose, present review aims discuss advantages challenges using standard cutting-edge techniques discover biomarkers which may used diagnosis/therapy several diseases consequences pursuit possibly replace conventional paths detectable soluble mediators saliva. Specifically, describes procedures collection, approaches measurement novel methodological strategies such as biosensors improve quality care chronically affected patients.

Language: Английский

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Total Oxidant and Antioxidant Capacity of Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Saliva in Patients with Periodontitis: Review and Clinical Study

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(5), P. 450 - 450

Published: May 23, 2020

Periodontitis is inextricably linked to oxidative-reductive (redox) imbalance. However, little still known about the resultant ability scavenge oxygen free radicals in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid patients with periodontitis. The multitude of enzymatic non-enzymatic antioxidants their synergistic effects cause an interest evaluation total antioxidative capacity. Thus, our study aimed evaluate oxidative activity periodontitis, as well relate these biomarkers clinical indices periodontopathy. Additionally, by calculating stress index (OSI), intensity redox disturbances was also evaluated. Fifty-eight periodontitis were included divided into two subgroups depending on severity disease. In non-stimulated/stimulated a group, we found significantly higher OSI oxidant status (TOS) lower antioxidant capacity (TAC). reduce iron ions (FRAP) only stimulated non-stimulated examined parameters correlated periodontium’s condition, which indicates exacerbation inflammatory process. TAC, TOS, OSI, FRAP did not differentiate individual stages

Language: Английский

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“Obesity and Insulin Resistance” Is the Component of the Metabolic Syndrome Most Strongly Associated with Oxidative Stress

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. 79 - 79

Published: Dec. 29, 2021

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is not a homogeneous entity, but this term refers to the coexistence of factors that increase risk for development type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. There are different versions criteria diagnosis MS, which makes population patients diagnosed with MS heterogeneous. Research date shows associated oxidative stress (OS), it unclear component most strongly OS. The purpose study was investigate relationship between parameters OS presence individual elements in young adults, as well identify components by means principal analysis (PCA) how correlate components. included 724 adults or without family history coronary heart disease (population MAGNETIC study). Blood samples were taken from participants determine peripheral blood counts, biochemical parameters, selected In addition, pressure anthropometric measured. subjects significantly lower activity superoxide dismutase (SOD), copper- zinc-containing SOD (CuZnSOD), manganese-containing (MnSOD) found, along higher total antioxidant capacity (TAC) concentration thiol groups per gram protein (PSH). We identified three PCA: "Obesity insulin resistance", "Dyslipidemia", "Blood pressure", showed resistance" have strongest conclusion, we documented significant differences some MS. important terms

Language: Английский

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The Role of Oxidative Stress in Acute Ischemic Stroke-Related Thrombosis

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2022, P. 1 - 19

Published: Nov. 16, 2022

Acute ischemic stroke is a serious life-threatening disease that affects almost 600 million people each year throughout the world with mortality of more than 10%, while two-thirds survivors remain disabled. However, available treatments for are still limited to thrombolysis and/or mechanical thrombectomy, and there an urgent need developing new therapeutic target. Recently, intravascular oxidative stress, derived from endothelial cells, platelets, leukocytes, has been found be tightly associated stroke-related thrombosis. It not only promotes primary thrombus formation by damaging cells platelets but also maturation stability modifying fibrin components. Thus, stress expected novel target prevention treatment stroke. In this review, we first discuss mechanisms which thrombosis, then summarize biomarkers finally put forward antithrombotic therapy targeting in

Language: Английский

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Hypericum alpestre extract exhibits in vitro and in vivo anticancer properties by regulating the cellular antioxidant system and metabolic pathway of L‐arginine

Cell Biochemistry and Function, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 42(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Abstract Conventional treatment methods are not effective enough to fight the rapid increase in cancer cases. The interest is increasing investigation of herbal sources for development new anticancer therapeutics. This study aims investigate antitumor capacity Hypericum alpestre (H. alpestre) extract vitro and vivo, either alone or combination with inhibitors l ‐arginine/polyamine/nitric oxide (NO) pathway, characterize its active phytochemicals using advanced chromatographic techniques. Our previous reports suggest beneficial effects arginase inhibitor NG‐hydroxy‐nor‐ ‐arginine NO NG‐nitro‐Larginine methyl ester breast via downregulation polyamine synthesis. Here, properties H. combinations were explored a rat model mammary gland carcinogenesis induced by subcutaneous injection 7,12‐dimethylbenz[a]anthracene. revealed strong antiradical activity aerial part chemical (DPPH/ABTS) tests. In antioxidant test, demonstrated pro‐oxidant characteristics human colorectal (HT29) cells, which contingent upon hemostatic condition cells. expressed cytotoxic effect on HT29 (MCF‐7) cells measured MTT test. According comet assay results, did exhibit genotoxic nor possessed antigenotoxic Overall, 233 substances have been identified annotated LC‐Q‐Orbitrap HRMS system. vivo experiments models that activated enzymes liver, brain, tumors. combined chemotherapeutic agents attenuated cancer‐like histological alterations showed significant reductions tumor blood vessel area. Thus, N ω ‐OH‐nor‐ ‐nitro‐ ester, exhibits pro‐ antioxidant, antiangiogenic, effects.

Language: Английский

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Non-invasive determination of uric acid in human saliva in the diagnosis of serious disorders

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM), Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 59(5), P. 797 - 812

Published: Nov. 30, 2020

This review summarizes and critically evaluates the published approaches recent trends in sample pre-treatment, as well both separation non-separation techniques used for determination of uric acid (UA) saliva. UA is final product purine nucleotide catabolism humans. concentrations biological fluids such serum, plasma, urine represent an important biomarker diseases including gout, hyperuricemia, or disorders associated with oxidative stress. Previous studies reported correlation between detected saliva blood. The interest has been increasing during past 20 years from a single publication 2000 to 34 papers 2019 according MEDLINE search using term "uric saliva". evaluation salivary levels can contribute non-invasive diagnosis many serious diseases. Increased concentration cancer, HIV, hypertension. In contrast, low are Alzheimer disease, progression multiple sclerosis, mild cognitive impairment.

Language: Английский

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Label‐Free Metal‐Oxide Transistor Biosensors for Metabolite Detection in Human Saliva

Advanced Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(27)

Published: Feb. 21, 2024

Metabolites are essential molecules involved in various metabolic processes, and their deficiencies excessive concentrations can trigger significant physiological consequences. The detection of multiple metabolites within a non-invasively collected biofluid could facilitate early prognosis diagnosis severe diseases. Here, metal oxide heterojunction transistor (HJ-TFT) sensor is developed for the label-free, rapid uric acid (UA) 25(OH)Vitamin-D3 (Vit-D3) human saliva. HJ-TFTs utilize solution-processed In

Language: Английский

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Enhanced Inflammation and Nitrosative Stress in the Saliva and Plasma of Patients with Plaque Psoriasis

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(3), P. 745 - 745

Published: March 10, 2020

Psoriasis is the most common inflammatory skin disease, characterized by release of proinflammatory cytokines from lymphocytes, keratinocytes, and dendritic cells. Although psoriasis considered an immune-mediated its effect on secretory activity salivary glands quantitative composition saliva still unknown. The aim this study was to evaluate secretion as well several selected inflammation nitrosative stress biomarkers in unstimulated stimulated plasma patients. We demonstrated that, with progressing severity duration function parotid submandibular lost, which manifested decreased reduced amylase total protein concentration. levels tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-gamma (INF-γ) were significantly higher, whereas interleukin-10 (IL-10) content considerably lower patients compared controls, changes increased disease duration. Similarly, we observed that intensity depended disease. By means receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, showed evaluation nitric oxide (NO), nitrotyrosine, IL-2 concentration non-stimulated high sensitivity specificity differentiated basis rate (normal salivation vs. hyposalivation). In summary, dysfunction caused stress.

Language: Английский

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Salivary Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Stroke Patients: From Basic Research to Clinical Practice

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2021(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Cerebral stroke is a serious worldwide health problem, as can be seen by the global epidemic of disease. In this disorder, when blood flow compromised ruptures or blocked arteries, sudden death neurons observed result lack oxygen and nutrients. Numerous severe problems frequent complications also exist in patients; therefore, there an urgent need to develop new therapeutic, diagnostic, prognostic methods for At present, diagnosis based on neurological examination, medical history, neuroimaging, due fact that rapid noninvasive diagnostic tests are unavailable. Nevertheless, oxidative stress inflammation considered key factors pathogenesis. Oxygen free radicals responsible oxidation lipids, proteins, DNA/RNA, which turn contributes damage brain. Toxic products reactions act cytostatically cell damaging membranes leading neuronal apoptosis necrosis. Thus, it seems redox/inflammatory biomarkers might used Nowadays, saliva increasing interest clinical laboratory medicine. Redox could obtained easily, noninvasively, cheaply, stress‐free from saliva. This minireview aimed at presenting current knowledge concerning use salivary prognosis stroke.

Language: Английский

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A Longitudinal Study of the Antioxidant Barrier and Oxidative Stress in Morbidly Obese Patients after Bariatric Surgery. Does the Metabolic Syndrome Affect the Redox Homeostasis of Obese People?

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(4), P. 976 - 976

Published: April 1, 2020

This is the first study to evaluate both antioxidant barrier, glutathione metabolism, and oxidative damage proteins lipids in morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric treatment. The included 65 with class 3 obesity divided into two subgroups: without metabolic syndrome (OB) (OB + MS). Blood samples were collected before surgery as well one, three, six, twelve months after Superoxide dismutase reduced (GSH) significantly decreased, whereas reductase uric acid enhanced compared lean control. Moreover, OB group, we observed increase of superoxide (SOD) decrease (UA) treatment; however, these changes not MS group. (advanced glycation end products, AGE; advanced oxidation protein AOPP) (8-isoprostanes, 8-isop; 4-hydroxynoneal) was higher patients. We noticed that AGE AOPP levels diminished treatment, redox status (ratio GSH oxidized glutathione) still Summarizing, morbid associated disturbances barrier lipids. Although improves homeostasis patients, those show a continuous status. In supplementation may be considered.

Language: Английский

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