Insulin Resistance and Oxidative Stress in the Brain: What’s New?

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 20(4), P. 874 - 874

Published: Feb. 18, 2019

The latest studies have indicated a strong relationship between systemic insulin resistance (IR) and higher incidence of neurodegeneration, dementia, mild cognitive impairment. Although some these abnormalities could be explained by chronic hyperglycaemia, hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidaemia, and/or prolonged whole-body inflammation, the key role is attributed to neuronal redox imbalance oxidative damage. In this mini review, we provide schematic overview intracellular stress mitochondrial in IR brain. We highlight important correlations found so far brain stress, ceramide generation, β-amyloid accumulation, as well apoptosis conditions.

Language: Английский

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A Case-Control Study of Salivary Redox Homeostasis in Hypertensive Children. Can Salivary Uric Acid be a Marker of Hypertension?

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(3), P. 837 - 837

Published: March 19, 2020

Oxidative stress plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of hypertension; however, there are no data on salivary redox homeostasis and gland function children with hypertension. A total 53 hypertension age- sex-matched controls were classified for study. The antioxidant barrier oxidative/nitrosative evaluated non-stimulated (NWS) stimulated (SWS) whole saliva, plasma, erythrocytes, Student’s t-test Mann–Whitney U-test used statistical analysis. We demonstrated that activities superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase significantly higher NWS, SWS, erythrocytes hypertension, similar to oxidative damage proteins (advanced glycation end products) lipids (malondialdehyde) as well nitrosative markers (peroxynitrite nitrotyrosine). level uric acid (UA) was plasma UA concentration SWS correlated positively systolic diastolic blood pressure content plasma. This parameter differentiates from healthy (AUC = 0.98) high degree sensitivity (94%) specificity (94%). Stimulated flow lower group, protein amylase activity. In summary, childhood is associated hyposalivation disturbances defense enhanced both plasma/erythrocytes saliva. Salivary may be potential biomarker children.

Language: Английский

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A Comprehensive Summary of the Current Understanding of the Relationship between Severe Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Inflammatory Status

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(11), P. 3818 - 3818

Published: June 2, 2023

At present, obesity, as a part of metabolic syndrome, represents the leading factor for disability, and is correlated with higher inflammation status, morbidity, mortality. The purpose our study to add new insights present body knowledge regarding correlations between chronic systemic severe which cannot be treated without considering other syndrome conditions. Biomarkers high-level are recognized important predictors pro-inflammatory disease. Besides well-known cytokines, such WBCs (white blood cells), IL-1 (interleukin-1), IL-6 (interleukin-6), TNF-alpha (tumor necrosis factor-alpha), hsCRP (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein), well anti-inflammatory markers, adiponectin inflammation, can determined by variety tests largely available inexpensive inflammatory biomarker tool. A few parameters, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio; level cholesterol 25-hydroxylase, macrophage-enriched network in adipose tissue; or levels glutamine, an immune-metabolic regulator white tissue, markers that link obesity inflammation. Through this narrative review, we try emphasize influence weight-loss process reducing obesity-related status associated comorbidities. All data from presented studies report positive results following procedures while improving overall health, effect lasts over time, far existing research show.

Language: Английский

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Comprehensive Evaluation of the Oral Health Status, Salivary Gland Function, and Oxidative Stress in the Saliva of Patients with Subacute Phase of Stroke: A Case-Control Study

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(7), P. 2252 - 2252

Published: July 15, 2020

This is the first study to assess, comprehensively, oral health status; salivary glands’ function and enzymatic non-enzymatic antioxidant defense; oxidative damage proteins lipids in non-stimulated (NWS) stimulated (SWS) whole saliva of stroke patients. The included 30 patients subacute phase an age gender-matched control group. We showed that activity enzymes (catalase peroxidase) was significantly higher both NWS SWS patients, similarly uric acid concentration. However, group, reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration decreased. contents protein glycooxidation products (advanced glycation end (AGE) oxidation (AOPP)) lipid hydroperoxides were In group there also a decrease secretion total content. Interestingly, correlate negatively with flow. ROC analysis GSH 100% specificity sensitivity differentiates analyzed groups (AUC = 1.0). To sum up, are redox imbalances saliva. Stroke suffer from gland dysfunction.

Language: Английский

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Impact of Weight Loss on the Total Antioxidant/Oxidant Potential in Patients with Morbid Obesity—A Longitudinal Study

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(5), P. 376 - 376

Published: May 1, 2020

The assessment of total antioxidant activity seems to have a higher diagnostic value than the evaluation individual antioxidants separately. Therefore, this is first study assess antioxidant/oxidant status in morbidly obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery. involved 60 with Class 3 obesity (BMI > 40 kg/m2) divided into two equal subgroups: without and metabolic syndrome. analyses were performed plasma samples collected before surgery as well 1, 3, 6, 12 months after laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. Total capacity (TAC), ferric-reducing power (FRAP), DPPH (2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical assay, oxidant (TOS) significantly (as compared healthy controls, n = 60) generally decreased treatment. Interestingly, all assessed biomarkers correlated positively uric acid content. However, potential did not differ between syndrome those both Only differentiated subgroups (p < 0.0001; AUC 0.8) 73% sensitivity 77% specificity. Plasma TAC body mass index, waist-hip ratio, serum insulin, acid. be best biomarker patients.

Language: Английский

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The Impact of Hypertension and Metabolic Syndrome on Nitrosative Stress and Glutathione Metabolism in Patients with Morbid Obesity

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 2020, P. 1 - 10

Published: Sept. 10, 2020

In this pathbreaking study, we evaluated nitrosative stress in morbidly obese patients with and without metabolic syndrome. 62 women class 3 obesity (BMI>40 kg/m2) were divided into three subgroups: (OB), hypertension (OB+HYP), syndrome (OB+MS). comparison to the lean patients, OB had increased levels of serum myeloperoxidase (MPO), plasma nitric oxide (NO), S-nitrosothiols, peroxynitrite (ONOO − ), as well nitrotyrosine, while oxidized glutathione (GSSG) rose only OB+HYP group. Interestingly, ONOO was significantly higher OB+MS compared group, MPO greater nitrotyrosine S-nitrosothiol values than OB+HYP. Moreover, could differentiate from (AUC 0.9292; p<0.0001; 87.5% sensitivity, 90% specificity) between group 0.9125; id="M3">p<0.0001; 81.25% 83.33%). conclusion, showed that activity, NO formation, damage proteins parallel progression disturbances obesity. Evaluation concentrations may help predict development morbid obesity; however, longer-term studies are required for larger numbers patients.

Language: Английский

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Bariatric surgery, gastrointestinal hormones, and the microbiome: An Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) 2022

Obesity Pillars, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 2, P. 100015 - 100015

Published: April 1, 2022

This Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) Clinical Practice Statement (CPS) is intended to provide clinicians an overview of bariatric surgery (i.e., procedures that improve metabolic disease are often termed "metabolic and surgery"), gastrointestinal hormones, the microbiome as they relate patients with obesity.

Language: Английский

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A New Insight into Meloxicam: Assessment of Antioxidant and Anti-Glycating Activity in In Vitro Studies

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 13(9), P. 240 - 240

Published: Sept. 10, 2020

Meloxicam is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, which has preferential inhibitory effect to cyclooxyganase-2 (COX-2). Although the drug inhibits prostaglandin synthesis, exact mechanism of meloxicam still unknown. This first study assess on protein glyco-oxidation as well antioxidant activity. For this purpose, we used an in vitro model oxidized bovine serum albumin (BSA). Glucose, fructose, ribose, glyoxal and methylglyoxal were glycating agents, while chloramine T was oxidant. We evaluated properties (2,2-di-phenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging capacity, total capacity ferric reducing power), intensity glycation (Amadori products, advanced end products) (dityrosine, kynurenine, N-formylkynurenine, tryptophan amyloid-β) content oxidation products (advanced carbonyl groups thiol groups). have demonstrated that enhances prevents under influence various factors such sugars, aldehydes oxidants. Importantly, anti-glycating activity similar routinely antioxidants captopril, Trolox, reduced glutathione lipoic acid inhibitors (aminoguanidine). Pleiotropic action may increase effectiveness treatment diseases with oxidative stress etiology.

Language: Английский

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Bariatric Surgery Normalizes Protein Glycoxidation and Nitrosative Stress in Morbidly Obese Patients

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(11), P. 1087 - 1087

Published: Nov. 4, 2020

The results of recent studies indicate the key role nitrosative stress and protein oxidative damage in development morbid obesity. Nevertheless, effect bariatric surgery on oxidation/glycation nitrosative/nitrative is not yet known. This first study evaluating glycoxidation morbidly obese patients before after (one, three, six twelve months) laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy. included 50 women with obesity as well age- gender-matched healthy controls. We demonstrated significant increases serum myeloperoxidase, plasma glycooxidative products (dityrosine, kynurenine, N-formyl-kynurenine, amyloid, Amadori products, glycophore), (ischemia modified albumin) (nitric oxide, peroxy-nitrite, S-nitrosothiols nitro-tyrosine) subjects compared to lean controls, whereas tryptophan total thiols were statistically decreased. Bariatric generally reduces abnormalities proteins stress. Noteworthily, metabolic syndrome (MS+), we showed no differences most redox biomarkers, without MS (MS-). However, two markers: able differentiate MS+ MS- high specificity sensitivity: peroxy-nitrite (>70%) (>60%). Further are required confirm diagnostic usefulness such biomarkers.

Language: Английский

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Effects of age and gender on the redox homeostasis of morbidly obese people

Free Radical Biology and Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 175, P. 108 - 120

Published: Aug. 11, 2021

Obesity is a chronic disease of complex etiology. Recent evidence suggests that obesity caused by inflammation adipose tissue leading to metabolic disorders, cardiovascular and cancer. This the first study evaluated effects age gender on redox homeostasis, glutathione metabolism, oxidative damage plasma/serum lipids proteins in morbidly obese patients. The included 120 (60 men 60 women) patients with class 3 (BMI > 40 kg/m2), classified into three groups depending age: 20–39 years (n = 20), 40–59 20) or older 20). number was calculated priori based our previous experiment. We observed reduction serum activity antioxidant enzymes (↓SOD) plasma concentration non-enzymatic antioxidants (↓GSH) compared lean controls, which further decreased age. Redox status (↑TAC, ↑TOS ↓OSI) women shifted towards oxidation. Moreover, lipid (↑MDA ↑LOOH) protein (↑AOPP, ↑AGE ↑Amadori products) products oxidation nitrosylation/nitration (↑total NO, ↑S-nitrosothiols, ↑peroxynitrite ↑nitrotyrosine) were elevated both genders higher elderly. Interestingly, concentrations nitrosative stress markers generally at same Summarizing, we showed total antioxidant/oxidant potential significantly increased Obese have oxidation, glycation nitration as controls. Disturbances homeostasis increase Oxidative are more intense than

Language: Английский

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