Salivary Xanthine Oxidase as a Potential Biomarker in Stroke Diagnostics

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: May 6, 2022

Stroke is one of the most common cerebrovascular diseases. Despite significant progress in understanding stroke pathogenesis, cases are still increasing. Thus, laboratory biomarkers sought to allow rapid and non-invasive diagnostics. Ischemia-reperfusion injury an inflammatory process with characteristic cellular changes leading microvascular disruption. Several studies have shown that hyperactivation xanthine oxidase (XO) a major pathogenic factor contributing brain dysfunction. Given critical role XO complications, this study aimed evaluate activity enzyme its metabolic products saliva subjects. Thirty patients subacute phase were included study: 15 hemorrhagic ischemic stroke. The control group consisted 30 healthy subjects similar cerebral regarding age, gender, status periodontium, dentition, oral hygiene. number individuals was determined priori based on our previous experiment (power test = 0.8; α 0.05). material mixed non‐stimulated whole (NWS) stimulated (SWS). We showed activity, specific output significantly higher NWS than controls. Hydrogen peroxide uric acid levels also considerably patients. Using receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis, we demonstrated XO-specific distinguishes from (AUC: 0.764) controls 0.973) very high sensitivity specificity. Saliva collection stress-free, requires no specialized medical personnel, allows continuous monitoring patient’s condition through sampling multiple times per day. Salivary differentiates accuracy (100%) specificity (93.75%) between mild moderate cognitive decline (AUC 0.988). salivary assessment may be potential screening tool for comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation. To summarize, demonstrates utility differential diagnosis

Language: Английский

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The metabolic benefits of different bariatric operations: what procedure to choose?

Endocrine Connections, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(2), P. R28 - R35

Published: Jan. 28, 2020

Bariatric surgery is established as a highly effective treatment for obesity and related metabolic complications. Although once seen last resort patients with obesity, given the data demonstrating profound weight loss, improvement in comorbidity safety, perceptions have since shifted. There evidence from 12 RCTs its safety efficacy terms of loss which sustained long term resultant co-morbidity. Clinicians are increasingly recognising importance timely intervention to maximise effects bariatric surgery, particularly light low likelihood being able adequately manage medication or lifestyle interventions alone. The inclusion standard algorithm has been step forward approach treating obesity. What remains challenging clinicians knowing procedure most beneficial patients. no level one superiority over another. Head head ongoing may shed on this question; however, it likely that there single will be demonstrated gold standard. Herein we review commonly performed procedures along available support their regards changes limitations recognised risks. aim provide general framework allow take advantage variety operative approaches tailor strategy individual patient.

Language: Английский

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Phloroglucinol Strengthens the Antioxidant Barrier and Reduces Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2021(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most commonly occurring diseases within western dietary patterns. Usually untreated, it may lead to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), steatohepatitis (NASH), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Besides its severe aftermath, up now, there no known therapeutic approach this in everyday clinical practice. Most NAFLD patients are encouraged do physical activities or diet change remain without pharmacological treatment. In study, we present phloroglucinol (PHG) as a novel promising compound PHG significantly increased level enzymatic nonenzymatic antioxidants both palmitate hydrogen peroxide‐induced oxidative stress models. Strengthened antioxidative defense reduced oxidative/nitrosative damage cell proteins, lipids, carbohydrates. Furthermore, treatment hepatic steatosis; lowered inflammatory markers, such NF‐ κ B HIF‐1 α ; inhibited apoptosis. Moreover, had more comprehensive effect than other used antioxidants: N‐acetylcysteine (NAC) ‐lipoic acid (ALA), suggesting usability. Therefore, our paper supports benefits natural compounds therapeutical NAFLD.

Language: Английский

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Blunted Reducing Power Generation in Erythrocytes Contributes to Oxidative Stress in Prepubertal Obese Children with Insulin Resistance

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(2), P. 244 - 244

Published: Feb. 5, 2021

Childhood obesity, and specifically its metabolic complications, are related to deficient antioxidant capacity oxidative stress. Erythrocytes constantly exposed multiple sources of stress; hence, they equipped with powerful mechanisms requiring permanent reducing power generation turnover. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) 6-phosphogluconate (6PGDH) two key enzymes on the pentose phosphate pathway. Both supply by generating NADPH, which is essential for maintaining redox balance within cell activity other enzymes. We hypothesized that obese children insulin resistance would exhibit blunted G6PDH 6PGDH activities, contributing their erythrocytes’ status imbalances. studied 15 control 24 prepubertal children, 12 whom were insulin-resistant according an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). analyzed erythroid malondialdehyde (MDA) carbonyl group levels as stress markers. NADP+/NADPH GSH/GSSG measured determine status, NADPH production both was assayed spectrophotometrically characterize pathway activity. Finally, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) reductase (GR) activities also assessed. As expected, MDA groups higher at baseline along OGTT in children. indicators showed imbalance favor oxidized forms group. Additionally, synthesis, well GR activity, decreased. H2O2 removing enzyme depleted groups, although after sugar intake only metabolically healthy participants able maintain No change detected SOD between groups. Our results show present damage, generate power, hampered function NADPH-dependent

Language: Английский

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Pleiotropic Properties of Valsartan: Do They Result from the Antiglycooxidant Activity? Literature Review and In Vitro Study

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2021(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Valsartan belongs to angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor blockers (ARB) used in cardiovascular diseases like heart failure and hypertension. Except for its AT1-antagonism, another mechanism of drug action has been suggested recent research. One the supposed actions refers positive impact on redox balance reducing protein glycation. Our study is aimed at assessing antiglycooxidant properties valsartan an vitro model oxidized bovine serum albumin (BSA). Glucose, fructose, ribose, glyoxal (GO), methylglyoxal (MGO), chloramine T were as glycation or oxidation agents. Protein products (total thiols, carbonyls (PC), advanced (AOPP)), glycooxidation (tryptophan, kynurenine, N-formylkynurenine, dityrosine), (amyloid-β structure, fructosamine, end (AGE)), antioxidant activity capacity (TAC), DPPH assay, ferric power (FRAP)) measured each sample. In presence valsartan, concentrations significantly lower comparing control. Moreover, was higher those samples. The drug's comparable renowned antiglycation agents antioxidants, e.g., aminoguanidine, metformin, Trolox, N-acetylcysteine, alpha-lipoic acid. conducted experiment proves that can ameliorate various conditions. Available animal clinical studies uphold this statement, but further research needed confirm it, reduction may prevent disease development.

Language: Английский

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Antioxidant Barrier and Oxidative Damage to Proteins, Lipids, and DNA/RNA in Adrenal Tumor Patients

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2021(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

This study is the first to assess redox balance, glutathione metabolism, and oxidative damage RNA/DNA, proteins, lipids in plasma/serum urine of patients with adrenal masses. The included 70 tumors divided into three subgroups: incidentaloma ( n = 30), pheochromocytoma 20), Cushing’s/Conn’s adenoma as well 60 healthy controls. Blood samples were collected before elective endoscopic adrenalectomy. Antioxidant defense capacity was significantly decreased (serum/plasma: superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) reduced (GSH), uric acid (UA); urine: SOD, GSH, UA) proteins (advanced glycation end products (AGE), advanced oxidation protein (AOPP)) (lipid hydroperoxides (LOOH), malondialdehyde (MDA)) higher plasma these patients. Plasma MDA DNA/RNA products, high sensitivity specificity, can help diagnose pheochromocytoma. biomarker differentiates from heathy RNA/DNA also positively correlated metanephrine. Oxidative stress play a crucial role tumors. However, further studies are required clarify signaling

Language: Английский

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The burden of overweight: Higher body mass index, but not vital exhaustion, is associated with higher DNA damage and lower DNA repair capacity

DNA repair, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 114, P. 103323 - 103323

Published: March 21, 2022

Language: Английский

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Remodeling of Macrophages in White Adipose Tissue under the Conditions of Obesity as well as Lipolysis

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2021(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Adipose tissue macrophages (ATM) are a major source of low-grade inflammation in obesity, and yet reasons driving ATM accumulation white adipose (WAT) not fully understood. Emerging evidence suggested that underwent extensive remodeling obesity. In addition to abundance, obesity were lipid-laden metabolically reprogrammed, which turn was tightly related their functional alterations persistence Herein, we aimed discuss activation lipid sensing signaling associated with metabolic reprogramming indispensible for migration, retention, or proliferation Likewise, lipolysis also induced similar but transient remodeling. Therefore, assumed might share overlapping mechanisms ATM. Formation crown-like structures (CLS) WAT presumably common event initiating remodeling, spectrum metabolites released from adipocytes being potential molecules. Moreover, interlerkin-6 (IL-6) exhibited homologous by lipolysis. Thus, postulated positive feedback loop between via IL-6 backing comparison under An elucidation could help provide novel therapeutic targets obesity-associated inflammation.

Language: Английский

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Blood Profile of Cytokines, Chemokines, Growth Factors, and Redox Biomarkers in Response to Different Protocols of Treadmill Running in Rats

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(21), P. 8071 - 8071

Published: Oct. 29, 2020

Both positive and negative aspects of sport performance are currently considered. The aim our study was to determine time- intensity-dependent effects a single exercise bout on redox inflammatory status. experiment performed 40 male Wistar rats subjected treadmill running for 30 min with the speed 18 m/min (M30) or 28 (F30), 2 h (M120). Immunoenzymatic spectrophotometric methods were applied assess levels pro-inflammatory anti-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, antioxidant barrier, status, oxidative damage products, nitrosative stress, their relationships plasma non-esterified fatty acids. Treadmill caused reduction in content monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP1) nitric oxide (M30, M120, F30 groups) as well macrophage protein-1α (MIP-1α) regulated activation, normal T-cell expressed secreted (RANTES) groups). We also demonstrated an increase catalase activity higher reduced glutathione, advanced oxidation protein lipid hydroperoxides, malondialdehyde groups), glycation end products (F30 group). presented findings showed activation antioxidative defense response increased reactive oxygen species’ production after exercise, but it did not prevent macromolecules.

Language: Английский

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Changes in Total Homocysteine and Glutathione Levels After Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy in Children with Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease

Obesity Surgery, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 32(1), P. 82 - 89

Published: Sept. 21, 2021

Language: Английский

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