Land Use and Ecological Change: A 12,000-Year History

Annual Review of Environment and Resources, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 46(1), P. 1 - 33

Published: Oct. 18, 2021

Human use of land has been transforming Earth's ecology for millennia. From hunting and foraging to burning the farming industrial agriculture, increasingly intensive human reshaped global patterns biodiversity, ecosystems, landscapes, climate. This review examines recent evidence from archaeology, paleoecology, environmental history, model-based reconstructions that reveal a planet largely transformed by over more than 10,000 years. Although always sustained societies, its ecological consequences are diverse sometimes opposing, both degrading enriching soils, shrinking wild habitats shaping novel ones, causing extinctions some species while propagating domesticating others, emitting absorbing greenhouse gases cause climate change. By ecology, literally paved way Anthropocene. Now, better future depends on strategies can effectively sustain people together with rest terrestrial nature limited land.

Language: Английский

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Reimagining Ocean Stewardship: Arts-Based Methods to ‘Hear’ and ‘See’ Indigenous and Local Knowledge in Ocean Management

Frontiers in Marine Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 9

Published: May 9, 2022

Current ocean management approaches are often characterised by economic or environmental objectives, paying limited consideration to social and cultural dimensions, as well Indigenous local knowledge. These tend inhibit stewardship, marginalising coastal communities limiting people’s access spiritual, traditional recreational uses of the coast. Piloting arts-based participatory research methods co-create knowledge with co-researchers in Algoa Bay, South Africa finds that these can be useful highlighting connections ocean, remembering imagining, reimagining, ways which people relate care for For example, using photography situ storytelling allows convey memories histories more accessible coastlines, envisaging a future inclusive management. The study there is strong sense exclusion from lack areas Bay where have depended on purposes several generations. Co-creation regarding connections, values priorities coast should therefore planned before implementation integrated intentionally designed part adaptive processes. Emphasising better recognising them has potential include i awareness could translate into an increased stewardship towards feel connected their contextual seascapes. This turn contribute sustainable sociocultural approach necessary equitable social-ecological wellbeing.

Language: Английский

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Host-mediated gene engineering and microbiome-based technology optimization for sustainable agriculture and environment

Functional & Integrative Genomics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Feb. 8, 2023

Language: Английский

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Indigenous Peoples’ lands are threatened by industrial development; conversion risk assessment reveals need to support Indigenous stewardship

One Earth, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(8), P. 1032 - 1049

Published: Aug. 1, 2023

Indigenous Peoples are custodians of many the world's least-exploited natural areas. These places local and global socio-ecological importance face significant threats from industrial development expansion, but risk conversion these lands remains unclear. Here we combine datasets Peoples' lands, their current ecological condition, future pressure to assess threats. To vulnerability conversion, create an index based on indicators strength security rights territories resources, representation engagement in decisions impacting them, capital available support conservation sustainable development. We find that nearly 60% (22.7 million km2) threatened 64 countries. Among 37 countries with highest threat, socio-economic political vulnerabilities increase risk, particularly limited recognition protection territorial rights. suggest strategies actions bolster self-determination, rights, leadership reduce this foster well-being.

Language: Английский

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Integrating traditional ecological knowledge into habitat restoration: implications for meeting forest restoration challenges

Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 19(1)

Published: Aug. 10, 2023

Traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) helps tribal communities adapt to socio-ecological changes, improving the long-term sustainability of their livelihood strategies and fostering social-ecological resilience. TEK provides thorough understanding ecosystem dynamics, as well how they relate societal norms, practices, resource use patterns. The integrity is often in jeopardy due changes belief systems, regional languages, traditional ways subsistence, disruption systems. Landscape restoration has ability promote self-determination while safeguarding livelihoods, beliefs, cultural, biodiversity indigenous peoples. However, there a substantial gap on might aid restoration, particularly elephant corridors.The current study focused gathering woody tree species from Dering-Dibru Saikhowa Elephant Corridor using semi-structured interviews, group discussions, direct observations. acquired data were applied heat map cluster analysis ordination techniques R software version 4.0.0.Traditional usage information 31 utilized for food, fodder, timber, fuelwood, medicinal, by local people was gathered. Most locally belonged families Combretaceae Fabaceae. classified into single, double, or multi-uses based extent utilization. Azadirachta indica, Phyllanthus emblica, Syzygium cumini (six each) had highest utilization, Mesua ferrea lowest. Chionanthus ramiflorus, Artocarpus heterophyllus, Dillenia indica among plants valuable wildlife, providing both forage habitat wide variety birds animals. Averrhoa carambola, Mangifera P. Psidium guajava, S. important livelihoods community. Our findings demonstrated that knowledgeable about plant pioneer species, such Bombax ceiba, Albizia lebbeck, D. cumini, Lagerstroemia speciosa, Alstonia scholaris, diverse habitat. We enlisted different categories, two clusters (clusters 1 2) identified similarity habitats. prioritized multiple eco-restoration collected through TEK. planted 95,582 saplings 150 hectares Corridors' degraded patches, which will serve future reference site landscape rehabilitation. Out total planted, 56% linked native ethnobotanical uses, connectivity movement, 16% all are colonize habitat, 15% preferred food foraging 13% source people, incorporating social, economic, benefits framework.The also insights can assist with aspects reconstruction adaptive management selection monitoring, evaluation effectiveness.

Language: Английский

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Water Erosion Processes: Mechanisms, Impact, and Management Strategies

Results in Engineering, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 103237 - 103237

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Indigenous Environmental Justice within Marine Ecosystems: A Systematic Review of the Literature on Indigenous Peoples’ Involvement in Marine Governance and Management

Sustainability, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(8), P. 4217 - 4217

Published: April 10, 2021

We develop and apply a systematic review methodology to identify understand how the peer-reviewed literature characterises Indigenous peoples’ involvement in marine governance management approaches terms of equity justice worldwide. reviewed English-language research articles between January 2015 September 2020 for examples using analytical lens environmental justice. The majority studies highlighted that peoples experienced some form injustice linked existing management, most notably context inequitable decision-making procedures surrounding establishment operation protected areas. However, there are significant gaps current literature, including notable absence exploring women other gender minorities’ planning limited number about living throughout Asia, Arctic, Russia, Africa. More needed explore collaborative intersectional approaches, co-governance co-management ecosystem-based critically evaluate what constitutes inclusive, equitable, just processes, practices, outcomes different occupying diverse social–ecological systems.

Language: Английский

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Impact of Zero Budget Natural Farming on Crop Yields in Andhra Pradesh, SE India

Sustainability, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 1689 - 1689

Published: Feb. 1, 2022

It has been claimed that Zero Budget Natural Farming (ZBNF), a burgeoning practice of farming in India based on low-inputs and influenced by agro-ecological principles, the potential to improve farm viability food security. However, there is concern success social movement fueling adoption ZBNF become out step with science underpinning its performance relative other systems. Based twenty field plot experiments established across six districts Andhra Pradesh (SE India), managed locally farmer researchers, we present first ‘on ground’ assessment performance. We show no short-term yield penalty when adopting small scale systems compared conventional organic alternatives. In terms treatment response, observed differences between agro-climatic zones, but this initial evaluation cannot recommend specific options tuned these different contexts.

Language: Английский

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The role of indigenous knowledge and local knowledge in water sector adaptation to climate change in Africa: a structured assessment

Sustainability Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 17(5), P. 2077 - 2092

Published: April 1, 2022

Abstract Evidence is increasing of human responses to the impacts climate change in Africa. However, understanding effectiveness these for adaptation across diversity African contexts still limited. Despite high reliance on indigenous knowledge (IK) and local (LK) by communities, potential IK LK contribute through reducing risk or supporting transformative yet be established. Here, we assess influence implementation water sector Africa better understand relationship between systems. Eighteen (18) response types were identified from academic literature Global Adaptation Mapping Initiative (GAMI) intended nationally determined contributions (iNDCs) selected countries. Southern, West, East show relatively evidence responses, while North Central lower evidence. At country level, Zimbabwe displays highest (77.8%) followed Ghana (53.6%), Kenya (46.2%), South (31.3%). Irrigation, rainwater harvesting, conservation, ecosystem-based measures, mainly agroforestry, most implemented measures These household individual influenced knowledge. with recorded higher reduction compared without LK. Analysis iNDCs shows actions are consistent targets set governments. Yet only 10.4% governments included planning iNDCs. This study recommends a coordinated approach that integrates multiple sources, including LK, ensure sustainability both current

Language: Английский

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Integrating local and scientific knowledge in disaster risk reduction: A systematic review of motivations, processes, and outcomes

International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 81, P. 103255 - 103255

Published: Aug. 19, 2022

The value of the inclusion and participation local communities in efforts to assess manage disaster risk is now widely acknowledged academic literature. In field reduction (DRR) design implementation early warning systems (EWS) integration knowledge with scientific has been viewed as a way operationalising active engagement communities. This systematic review evidence synthesis examined deliberate, researcher-initiated, integrate within context DRR EWS, exploring motivations for integration, processes outcomes these processes. Twenty empirical studies were eligible review. results indicate that derived from real life challenges, is, top down measures had not adopted by or isolation was unable risk. Furthermore, seen empower produce interventions responsive needs sensitivities. participatory interactive, range generated projects. Nevertheless, neither nor formally evaluated. Participatory evaluation need be considered carefully during research, allowing necessary time appropriate expertise.

Language: Английский

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