Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Diseases: From Physiology to Pathophysiology and Outcomes

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 768 - 768

Published: March 30, 2024

Vitamin D is rightly recognized as an essential key factor in the regulation of calcium and phosphate homeostasis, affecting primary adequate bone mineralization. In last decades, a more complex wider role vitamin has been postulated demonstrated. Cardiovascular diseases have found to be strongly related levels, especially its deficiency. Pre-clinical studies suggested direct several pathophysiological pathways, such endothelial dysfunction platelet aggregation; moreover, observational data confirmed relationship with different conditions, including coronary artery disease, heart failure, hypertension. Despite significant evidence available so far, most clinical trials failed prove any positive impact supplements on cardiovascular outcomes. This discrepancy indicates need for further information knowledge about metabolism effect system, order identify those patients who would benefit from supplementation.

Language: Английский

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The role of immune cells in different stages of atherosclerosis

International Journal of Medical Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(6), P. 1129 - 1143

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by the accumulation of immune cells in intima arteries.Experimental and clinical evidence shows that both innate adaptive immunity orchestrate progression atherosclerosis.The heterogeneous nature within atherosclerosis lesions important.Studies utilizing high-dimensional mass spectrometry single-cell RNA sequencing leukocytes from atherosclerotic show diversity adaptability these cell subtypes.Their migration, compositional changes, phenotypic alterations, responses are key features throughout progression.Understanding how their subtypes affect atherogenesis would help to develop novel therapeutic approaches control progression.Precise targeting specific system components involved atherosclerosis, rather than broad suppression with anti-inflammatory agents, can more accurately regulate progress fewer side effects.In this review, we cover most recent advances field understand role various on its development.We focus complex network interaction between system.

Language: Английский

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Predictive Value of Serum N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide, D-Dimer, Albumin Combined with T-Cell Subsets in Detecting Coronary Artery Damage in Children with Kawasaki Disease

British Journal of Hospital Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 14

Published: Feb. 14, 2025

Aims/Background Kawasaki disease (KD) is the common acute, self-limiting vasculitis in children, often affecting coronary arteries, which may lead to artery dilation, stenosis, or severe cases, myocardial infarction. This study aimed identify new approaches for reducing preventing lesions (CAL) KD patients by analyzing specific serological markers across various paediatric groups. Methods Clinical data were collected from 100 children diagnosed with admitted at First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University between May 2023 and June 2024. These divided into two groups based on injury status: Occurrence group (n = 31) Non-occurrence 69). Additionally, acute upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) healthy who underwent routine physical examination during same period (Healthy group) included comparison. Serum levels N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), D-dimer (D-D), albumin (ALB), T-cell subsets measured compared evaluate their clinical utility diagnosing damage KD. Results NT-proBNP D-D highest lowest group, while ALB statistically significant differences (p < 0.001). Analysis revealed that cluster differentiation (CD)3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD8+ Healthy CD8+ The combined diagnostic model demonstrated an area under curve (AUC) value 0.885 (95% CI: 0.829-0.941), showing higher specificity AUC each marker individually. Conclusion combination serum NT-proBNP, D-D, ALB, offers valuable predictive insights serve as auxiliary tool.

Language: Английский

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Inflammatory Biomarkers in Coronary Artery Disease: Insights From Mendelian Randomization and Transcriptomics

Journal of Inflammation Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: Volume 18, P. 3177 - 3200

Published: March 1, 2025

The identification of inflammatory genes linked to coronary artery disease (CAD) helps enhance our understanding the disease's pathogenesis and facilitate novel therapeutic targets. Inflammation-related (IRGs) were downloaded from Msigdb database. Differentially expressed (DEGs) determined by comparing CAD group with control in GSE113079 GSE12288 datasets. Key module associated identified through weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA). IRGs (DE-IRGs) established intersecting DEGs, key genes, IRGs. Feature derived using machine learning techniques. Mendelian randomization (MR) was conducted explore causal relationship between feature genes. Subsequently, a logistic regression model an alignment diagram developed predict incidence CAD. In given datasets, total 92 DE-IRGs identified. Furthermore, twelve discerned utilizing four distinct algorithms. Notably, two pivotal HIF1A (odds ratio (OR) = 1.031, P 0.024) TNFAIP3 (OR 1.104, 0.007), exhibited (CAD). Additionally, models demonstrated their efficacy predicting Ultimately, significantly T-cell receptor NOD-like signaling pathways. as biomarkers offers insights significant clinical potential, which may provide valuable targets for management treatment

Language: Английский

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Computational analysis of antimicrobial peptides targeting key receptors in infection-related cardiovascular diseases: molecular docking and dynamics insights

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: March 14, 2025

Infection-related cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) pose a significant health challenge, driving the need for novel therapeutic strategies to target key receptors involved in inflammation and infection. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) show potential disrupt pathogenic processes offer promising approach CVD treatment. This study investigates binding of selected AMPs with critical implicated CVDs, aiming explore their potential. A comprehensive computational was employed assess AMP interactions CVD-related receptors, including ACE2, CRP, MMP9, NLRP3, TLR4. Molecular docking studies identified high affinities these targets, notably Tachystatin, Pleurocidin, Subtilisin A, which showed strong MMP9. Following docking, 100 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations confirmed stability AMP-receptor complexes, MM/PBSA calculations provided quantitative insights into energies, underscoring modulate receptor activity infection contexts. The highlights targeting infection-related pathways CVDs. These demonstrate properties models. Future research should focus on vitro vivo confirm efficacy safety, paving way clinical applications managing conditions.

Language: Английский

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Comprehensive Analysis Based on Genes Associated With Cuproptosis, Ferroptosis, and Pyroptosis for the Prediction of Diagnosis and Therapies in Coronary Artery Disease

Cardiovascular Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 2025(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a complex condition influenced by genetic factors, lifestyle, and other risk factors that contribute to increased mortality. This study aimed at evaluating the diagnostic potential of genes associated with cuproptosis, ferroptosis, pyroptosis (CFP) using network modularization machine learning methods. CAD‐related datasets GSE42148, GSE20680, GSE20681 were sourced from GEO database, related CFP gathered MsigDB FerrDb literature. To identify linked these pathways, weighted gene coexpression analysis (WGCNA) was used isolate modules. The accuracy key in modules then assessed LASSO, SVM, random forest models. Immunity drug sensitivity correlation analyses subsequently performed investigate possible underlying mechanisms. function gene, STK17B, analyzed through western blot transwell assays. Two strong correlations identified validated. SVM model outperformed LASSO models, demonstrating superior discriminative power (AUC = 0.997 blue module AUC 1.000 turquoise module), nine identified: CTDSP2, DHRS7, NLRP1, MARCKS, PELI1, RILPL2, JUNB, SLC40A1. Knockdown STK17B inhibited cell migration invasion human umbilical vein endothelial cells. In summary, our findings suggest hold as biomarkers therapeutic targets, playing role CAD progression.

Language: Английский

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A Personalized Approach to Vitamin D Supplementation in Cardiovascular Health Beyond the Bone: An Expert Consensus by the Italian National Institute for Cardiovascular Research

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 17(1), P. 115 - 115

Published: Dec. 30, 2024

Vitamin D is increasingly recognized for its role in cardiovascular health beyond well-established effects on bone metabolism. This review synthesizes findings from observational studies, interventional trials, and meta-analyses to clarify the mechanisms through which vitamin impacts health, including influence vascular function, inflammation, metabolic pathways. Additionally, this emphasizes importance of a personalized approach supplementation, integrating individual risk profiles, baseline levels, comorbid conditions, such as hypertension diabetes. While current evidence supports association between low levels increased mortality, work contributes novel insights by proposing tailored strategies particularly high-risk subgroups. Practical recommendations implementing these clinical practice are also discussed, providing framework optimizing outcomes individualized management.

Language: Английский

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Managing chronic coronary syndrome: how do we achieve optimal patient outcomes?

Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(6), P. 243 - 263

Published: May 18, 2024

Introduction Chronic coronary syndrome (CCS) remains the leading cause of death worldwide with high admission/re-admission rates. Medical databases were searched on CCS & its management.

Language: Английский

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Genetic Association with Autoimmune Diseases Identifies Molecular Mechanisms of Coronary Artery Disease

iScience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 27(9), P. 110715 - 110715

Published: Aug. 13, 2024

Autoimmune patients have a significantly increased risk of developing coronary artery disease (CAD) compared to the general population. However, autoimmune often lack traditional factors for CAD and there is increasing recognition inflammation in development. In this study, we leveraged genome-wide association study (GWAS) data understand whether genetic relationship between autoimmunity. Statistical comparison methods were used identify correlated causal SNPs various diseases CAD. Pleiotropic identified by cross-phenotype analysis (CPASSOC) overlap GWAS. Causal using Mendelian Randomization (MR) Colocalization (COLOC). Using SNP-to-gene mapping, additionally pleiotropic genes pathways associated autoimmunity CAD, which contextualized documentation enrichment individual cell types from atherosclerotic plaques single-cell RNA sequencing. These results provide insight into potential inflammatory therapeutic targets

Language: Английский

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Computational analysis of antimicrobial peptides targeting key receptors in infection-related cardiovascular diseases: Molecular docking and dynamics insights

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 2, 2024

Infection-related cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) pose a significant health challenge, driving the need for novel therapeutic strategies to target key receptors involved in inflammation and infection. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) show potential disrupt pathogenic processes offer promising approach CVD treatment. This study investigates binding of selected AMPs with critical implicated CVDs, aiming explore their potential. A comprehensive computational was employed assess AMP interactions CVD-related receptors, including ACE2, CRP, MMP9, NLRP3, TLR4. Molecular docking studies identified high affinities these targets, notably Tachystatin, Pleurocidin, Subtilisin A, which showed strong MMP9. Following docking, 100 ns molecular dynamics (MD) simulations confirmed stability AMP-receptor complexes, MM/PBSA calculations provided quantitative insights into energies, underscoring modulate receptor activity infection contexts. The highlights targeting infection-related pathways CVDs. These demonstrate properties models. Future research should focus on in vitro vivo confirm efficacy safety, paving way clinical applications managing conditions.

Language: Английский

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