The
global
population
is
estimated
to
increase
by
3.1
billion
between
2020
and
2100;
hence,
the
demand
for
food
production
also
expected
rise
from
59%
95%.
Controlling
waste
loss
inevitable
promote
security
achieve
a
better
balance
supply
food.
Hence,
fresh
agriculture
produces
processed
products
should
be
preserved
using
appropriate
packing
materials.
packaging
material
helps
extend
shelf
life
of
enhance
quality
while
it
being
transported,
stored,
distributed.
Plastic
continues
preferred
after
which
significant
amount
released
into
environment,
matter
concern
as
its
degradation
can
take
up
thousand
years.
Innovations
developments
in
biodegradable
have
become
indispensable
industry.
In
recent
years,
edible
or
coating
drawn
lot
interest
an
alternative
plastic
packaging.
Biopolymers
plant,
animal,
microbial
origin,
such
polysaccharides,
proteins,
cellulose,
lipids,
been
successfully
used
develop
environmentally
friendly
These
biopolymer-based
films
decomposed
CH
4
,
CO
2
H
O,
inorganic
compounds
action
microorganisms
soil
used.
They
are
designed
act
potential
carrier
bioactive
compounds.
were
classified
three
different
types
based
on
their
origin
method
synthesis.
first
group
biopolymers
includes
those
directly
derived
biomass
(carbohydrates
proteins).
second
polymers,
polylactic
acid,
produced
biobased
monomers
traditional
polymerization
process,
third
category
polymers
represents
that
synthesized
microorganisms.
this
context,
developed
much
petroleum-based
systems.
Edible
often
made
starch,
lipid,
protein,
composites
several
advantages
over
synthetic
polymers.
Composite
enhanced
physical,
barrier,
barrier
properties.
Plasticizers,
crosslinking
agents,
emulsifiers
included
improve
properties
composite
films.
eco-friendly,
consumed
safely
component
extends
goods.
films/packaging
systems
generally
loaded
with
plasticiser,
momo-,
di-,
oligosaccharides,
glucose,
fructose,
sucrose,
polyols,
etc.,
flexibility
durability.
Further,
antioxidants
materials
decrease
oxidative
deterioration
foods.
Recent
trends
include
application
antimicrobial
anti-browning
nutraceuticals,
colors,
flavoring
agents
products.
addition,
coatings
nutrients
nutritional
value
finished
product.
Potential
role
smart
emerging
trend,
needs
exploration
extending
industrial
level
will
revolution
sector.
This
chapter
aims
provide
comprehensive
understanding
current
state
critical
polymer
applications.
Journal of Contaminant Hydrology,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
264, P. 104360 - 104360
Published: May 1, 2024
A
global
study
on
tap
water
samples
has
found
that
up
to
83%
of
these
contained
microplastic
fibres.
These
findings
raise
concerns
about
their
potential
health
risks.
Ingested
particles
have
already
been
associated
with
harmful
effects
in
animals,
which
similar
outcomes
humans.
Microplastics
are
ubiquitous
the
environment,
commonly
disposed
landfills
and
waste
sites.
Within
indoor
environments,
common
sources
synthetic
textiles,
plastic
bottles,
packaging.
From
various
point
sources,
they
globally
distributed
through
air
can
enter
humans
pathways.
The
finding
microplastics
fresh
snow
Antarctic
highlights
just
how
widely
dispersed.
behaviour
risks
from
strongly
influenced
by
physicochemical
properties,
is
why
surfaces
important.
Surface
interactions
also
important
pollutant
transport
via
adsorption
onto
particles.
Our
review
covers
latest
research
including
statistics
abundance,
occurrence
fate
methods
reducing
exposure
removal.
We
conclude
proposing
future
directions
into
more
effective
remediation
new
technologies
sustainable
green
need
be
explored
achieve
success
removal
waters
at
large
scale.
Microorganisms,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
13(2), P. 260 - 260
Published: Jan. 24, 2025
Wastewater
treatment
plants
(WWTPs)
may
serve
as
hotspots
for
pathogens
and
promote
antimicrobial
resistance
(AMR).
Plastic
debris
in
wastewater
could
further
contribute
to
AMR
dissemination.
The
aim
of
this
study
was
investigate
the
impact
various
microplastic
types
on
bacterial
communities
gene
abundance
that
were
obtained
from
two
WWTPs,
one
Tromsø,
Norway,
other
Potchefstroom,
South
Africa.
microcosm
experiments
designed
follows:
Five
manufactured
pellet
used
testing,
rock
aggregate
controls.
In
addition,
each
material
type
subjected
artificial
aging
treatments
using
either
ultra-violet
light
or
hydrogen
peroxide.
Each
incubated
flasks
containing
inlet/outlet
these
WWTPs.
Nucleic
acids
extracted
after
a
one-week
incubation
period.
detection
blaFOXand
blaMOX
genes
performed
quantitative
PCR.
Extracted
DNA
sequenced
MinION
device.
Non-metric
multi-dimensional
scaling
plot
full-length
16S
sequencing
data
at
species
level
showed
samples
clustered
into
distinct
groups,
which
line
with
ANOSIM
test.
Indicator
Species
Analysis
strong
association
between
many
Acinetobacter
plastic
group
than
group.
Aging
peroxide
some
effects
microbial
composition
outlet
wastewater.
blaFOX
Norwegian
generally
lower
compared
those
inlet,
though
results
contrary
African
samples.
relative
seemed
be
increased
several
(PET,
PE,
PLA)
but
decreased
PVC-A.
WWTP
did
not
effectively
reduce
genes.
An
in-depth
understanding
role
specific
profiles
is,
therefore,
needed
combat
threat.
Russian Chemical Reviews,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
94(3), P. RCR5155 - RCR5155
Published: March 1, 2025
The
presence
of
microplastics
(MPs)
in
the
environment
is
a
highly
relevant
and
aggravating
environmental
problem,
which
concern
not
only
for
specialists
various
fields
but
also
everyone
who
cares
about
future
Earth.
ever-increasing
production
polymers
expanding
use
plastic
products
enlarged
MP
concentrations
Earth's
ecosystem.
need
to
control
accumulation
spread
MPs
caused
by
current
crisis
where
no
microplastic-free
areas
have
remained
on
number
studies
dealing
with
existing
potential
threat
living
organisms
from
consumption
increasing
every
year.
aim
this
review
systematize
available
information
occurrence
briefly
describe
main
types
polymer
materials
acting
as
sources
mechanisms
formation
transport
environment.
hazardous
behaviour
analyzed
considering
their
impact
physiology
aquatic
soil
organisms.
Special
emphasis
demonstrating
adverse
effect
emissions
3D
printing
materials.
An
overview
methods
capture
given
facilitate
analysis
development
more
reliable
removal
disposal.
As
result
review,
we
assess
long-term
human
health
consequences
exposure.
Understanding
formation,
lifecycle
environment,
ways
interaction
will
controlling
design
implementation
effective
techniques
remediation
prevent
ecological
consequences.
<br>The
bibliography
includes
244
references.
Frontiers in Environmental Science,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
12
Published: April 8, 2024
Plastic
pollution
ranks
among
the
most
severe
environmental
disasters
caused
by
humans,
generating
millions
of
tonnes
waste
annually.
The
extensive
and
unregulated
use
plastics
has
led
to
ecotoxicity
imbalance.
Microplastics
(MPs)
are
prevalent
in
aquatic
environments,
these
MPs
further
degrade
into
even
smaller
particles
known
as
nano-plastics
(NPs).
Both
NPs
impact
environment
readily
absorbing
organic
pollutants
pathogens
from
their
surroundings,
owing
bigger
surface
area
volume
ratio.
This
review
focuses
on
source
origin,
bioaccumulation,
potential
organisms
human
health.
Additionally,
explores
various
methods
employed
for
identification
quantification
ecosystems.
Sufficient
information
is
available
characteristics,
distributions,
effects
marine
ecosystems
compared
with
freshwater
For
plastic
<10
μm,
more
toxicological
were
observed
larger
size
particles,
life.
Understanding
mechanism
action
ecotoxicological
micro/nano-plastics
health
life
across
trophic
levels,
well
health,
utmost
importance.
We
address
knowledge
gaps
provide
insights
future
research
approaches
a
better
understanding
interactive
mechanisms
between
binary
pollutants.
Fuels,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
5(3), P. 394 - 438
Published: Aug. 27, 2024
This
comprehensive
review
investigates
the
potential
of
cyanobacteria,
particularly
nitrogen-fixing
strains,
in
addressing
global
challenges
pertaining
to
plastic
pollution
and
carbon
emissions.
By
analyzing
distinctive
characteristics
including
their
minimal
growth
requirements,
high
photosynthetic
efficiency,
rapid
rates,
this
study
elucidates
crucial
role
transforming
sequestration,
biofuel
generation,
biodegradable
production.
The
investigation
emphasizes
cyanobacteria’s
efficiency
photosynthesis,
positioning
them
as
optimal
candidates
for
cost-effective
bioplastic
production
with
minimized
land
usage.
Furthermore,
explores
unconventional
yet
promising
utilization
biodiesel
production,
mitigating
environmental
concerns
such
sulfur
emissions
presence
aromatic
hydrocarbons.
resulting
exhibits
significant
combustion
potential,
establishing
cyanobacteria
a
viable
option
sustainable
Through
assessment
both
achievements
encountered
during
commercialization
process,
offers
valuable
insights
into
diverse
contributions
cyanobacteria.
Its
objective
is
provide
guidance
researchers,
policymakers,
industries
interested
harnessing
bio-inspired
approaches
structural
applications,
thereby
advancing
efforts
towards
environmentally
conscious
Polymer-Plastics Technology and Materials,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
unknown, P. 1 - 40
Published: Nov. 1, 2024
One
of
the
polymers
with
biggest
production
volume
is
poly(vinyl
chloride)
(PVC)
considering
their
versatility,
durability,
lightweight,
as
well
low
cost
production,
plastics
have
recently
become
an
essential
part
everyone's
daily
life.
However,
increased
and
usage
poses
significant
environmental
problems
because
incomplete
utilization,
a
lengthy
biodegradation
period,
detrimental
effects
on
living
things.
This
study
examines
latest
findings
in
PVC
research,
including
its
properties,
polymerization,
modification,
recycling,
diverse
applications.
It
has
been
proposed
that
during
along
application
both
inorganic
organic
thermal
stabilizers,
can
mitigate
some
basic
limiting
characteristics
PVC.
chemistry
extended
by
vast
continuous
study,
mainly
chemical
transformations
this
polymeric
material.
describes
modification
using
different
materials
active
modifying
agent.
The
latter
included
substitutions,
modifications,
nucleophilic
radicals,
removal
or
dehydrochlorination,
grafting
polymerizations.
PVC's
consequences
are
examined,
overview
functionalization
provided
article,
discussion
main
reactivity
trends
lens
recycling.
