ACS Applied Bio Materials,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Feb. 10, 2025
Transdermal
drug
delivery
presents
a
promising
noninvasive
approach,
bypassing
first-pass
metabolism
and
gastrointestinal
degradation.
However,
the
stratum
corneum
(SC)
barrier
limits
absorption,
necessitating
development
of
effective
systems.
Microneedles,
particularly
polymer-based
ones,
offer
solution
by
penetrating
SC
while
avoiding
critical
nerves
capillaries.
These
microneedles
are
biodegradable,
nontoxic,
easily
manufacturable,
making
them
highly
attractive
platform
for
transdermal
delivery.
their
clinical
application
remains
limited
due
to
suboptimal
therapeutic
efficacy
slow
release
rates.
Recent
advancements
have
introduced
incorporation
nanodrugs,
such
as
nanoparticles
encapsulated
drugs,
into
enhance
efficiency.
Among
materials
explored,
graphene
its
derivatives,
including
oxide
(GO)
reduced
(rGO),
garnered
significant
attention.
Their
exceptional
mechanical
strength,
electrical
conductivity,
antibacterial
properties
not
only
improve
performance
but
also
rates
biocompatibility.
This
review
synthesizes
current
state
microneedle
technologies,
focusing
on
materials,
fabrication
techniques,
challenges.
It
examines
potential
graphene-based
microneedles,
comparing
traditional
in
terms
efficiency
stability.
The
highlights
key
challenges,
scalability,
biocompatibility,
complexity,
suggests
future
research
directions
address
these
issues.
quantum
dots
(GQDs)
is
identified
avenue
improving
profiles,
stability,
real-time
tracking
diffusion.
Finally,
outlines
emerging
applications,
smart
systems,
biosensing,
monitoring,
urging
further
exploration
unlock
full
graphene-enhanced
settings.
Pharmaceuticals,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
15(2), P. 190 - 190
Published: Feb. 3, 2022
In
this
focused
progress
review,
the
most
widely
accepted
methods
of
transdermal
drug
delivery
are
hypodermic
needles,
patches
and
topical
creams.
However,
microneedles
(MNs)
(or
microneedle
arrays)
low-invasive
3D
biomedical
constructs
that
bypass
skin
barrier
produce
systemic
localized
pharmacological
effects.
past,
biomaterials
such
as
carbohydrates,
due
to
their
physicochemical
properties,
have
been
extensively
used
manufacture
(MNs).
Due
wide
range
functional
groups,
carbohydrates
enable
design
development
tunable
properties
functionalities.
recent
years,
numerous
products
emerged
on
market,
although
much
research
needs
be
undertaken
overcome
various
challenges
before
successful
introduction
into
market.
As
a
result,
carbohydrate-based
microarrays
high
potential
achieve
future
step
in
sensing,
delivery,
biologics
restitution.
comprehensive
overview
hyaluronic
acid,
chitin,
chitosan,
chondroitin
sulfate,
cellulose
starch
is
discussed
systematically.
It
also
discusses
strategies
mechanical
biomaterial-based
MNs,
made
so
far
clinical
translation
promotional
opportunities
for
commercialization.
conclusion,
article
summarizes
perspectives
which
considered
new
class
systems.
Pharmaceutics,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(1), P. 277 - 277
Published: Jan. 13, 2023
Transdermal
delivery
provides
numerous
benefits
over
conventional
routes
of
administration.
However,
this
strategy
is
generally
limited
to
a
few
molecules
with
specific
physicochemical
properties
(low
molecular
weight,
high
potency,
and
moderate
lipophilicity)
due
the
barrier
function
stratum
corneum
layer.
Researchers
have
developed
several
physical
enhancement
techniques
expand
applications
transdermal
field;
among
these,
microneedle
technology
has
recently
emerged
as
promising
platform
deliver
therapeutic
agents
any
size
into
across
skin.
Typically,
hydrophilic
biomolecules
cannot
penetrate
skin
by
passive
diffusion.
Microneedle
insertion
disrupts
integrity
compromises
its
protective
function,
thus
creating
pathways
(microchannels)
for
enhanced
permeation
macromolecules.
Microneedles
not
only
improve
stability
but
also
enhance
various
biomolecules.
Academic
institutions
industrial
companies
invested
substantial
resources
in
development
systems
biopharmaceutical
delivery.
This
review
article
summarizes
most
recent
research
provide
comprehensive
discussion
about
microneedle-mediated
macromolecules,
covering
topics
from
introduction
skin,
delivery,
microneedles,
biopharmaceuticals
(current
status,
administration,
issues),
different
types,
clinical
trials,
safety
acceptability
manufacturing
regulatory
issues,
future
technology.
Engineering,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: June 1, 2023
Microneedles
(MNs)
can
be
used
for
the
topical
treatment
of
skin
disorders
as
they
directly
deliver
therapeutics
to
site
lesions,
resulting
in
increased
therapeutic
efficacy
while
having
minimum
side
effects.
MNs
are
different
kinds
(e.g.,
small
molecules,
macromolecules,
nanomedicines,
living
cells,
bacteria,
and
exosomes)
treating
various
disorders,
including
superficial
tumors,
wounds,
infections,
inflammatory
diseases,
abnormal
appearance.
The
improved
by
integrating
advantages
multiple
perform
combination
therapy.
Through
careful
designing,
further
modified
with
biomimetic
structures
responsive
drug
release
from
internal
external
stimuli
enhance
transdermal
delivery
efficiency
robust
outcomes.
Some
studies
have
proposed
use
drug-free
a
promising
mechanotherapeutic
strategy
promote
wound
healing,
scar
removal,
hair
regeneration
via
mechanical
communication
pathway.
Although
several
advantages,
practical
application
suffers
problems
related
industrial
manufacture
clinical
evaluation,
making
it
difficult
translation.
In
this
study,
we
summarized
applications,
emerging
challenges,
developmental
prospects
provide
information
on
ways
advance
Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
210, P. 115326 - 115326
Published: April 30, 2024
Transdermal
administration
remains
an
active
research
and
development
area
as
alternative
route
for
long-acting
drug
delivery.
It
avoids
major
drawbacks
of
conventional
oral
(gastrointestinal
side
effects,
low
bioavailability,
multiple
dosing)
or
parenteral
routes
(invasiveness,
pain,
psychological
stress
bio-hazardous
waste
generated
from
needles),
thereby
increasing
patient
appeal
compliance.
This
review
focuses
on
the
current
state
transdermal
delivery,
including
adhesive
patches,
microneedles,
molecularly
imprinted
polymeric
systems.
Each
subsection
describes
approach
key
considerations
in
formulation
development,
design,
process
parameters
with
schematics.
An
overview
commercially
available
(adhesive)
patches
delivery
(longer
than
24
h),
well
advanced
formulations
such
core-shell,
nanoformulations-incorporated
stimuli-responsive
3D-printed
polymers
is
also
provided.
Finally,
we
elaborated
translational
aspects,
challenges
patch
future
directions
clinical
advancement
new
products
Advanced Science,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: Jan. 30, 2025
Abstract
Theranostics,
combining
therapeutic
and
diagnostic
functions,
marks
a
revolutionary
advancement
in
modern
medicine,
with
microneedle
technology
at
its
forefront.
This
review
explores
the
substantial
developments
multifaceted
applications
of
microneedles,
which
have
evolved
from
basic
transdermal
drug
delivery
devices
to
sophisticated
platforms.
Microneedles
enhance
access
biomarkers
via
interstitial
fluid,
enabling
real‐time
monitoring
physiological
conditions,
such
as
glucose
hormone
levels,
thus
facilitating
continuous
health
tracking.
The
evolution
design
solid
dissolvable
forms
broadens
their
utility
mere
complex
sensing
applications,
including
insulin
for
diabetes
management,
vaccination,
gene
therapy.
paper
delves
into
integration
microneedles
wearable
technologies,
highlighting
role
closed‐loop
systems
that
combine
dynamic,
precise
delivery.
By
addressing
gaps
literature
regarding
integrated
treatment
capabilities,
this
underscores
pivotal
personalizing
medicine.
It
concludes
visionary
perspective
on
future
trajectory
technology,
emphasizing
potential
revolutionize
strategies
through
enhanced
efficacy,
safety,
patient
compliance.
Journal of Tissue Engineering,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
13
Published: Jan. 1, 2022
In
the
past
decade,
microneedle-based
drug
delivery
systems
showed
promising
approaches
to
become
suitable
and
alternative
for
hypodermic
injections
can
control
agent
without
side
effects
compared
conventional
approaches.
Despite
these
advantages,
procedure
of
microfabrication
is
facing
some
difficulties.
For
instance,
loading
method,
stability
drugs,
retention
time
are
subjects
debate.
Besides,
application
novel
refining
fabrication
methods,
types
materials,
instruments
other
issues
that
need
further
attention.
Herein,
we
tried
summarize
recent
achievements
in
controllable
(microneedle
patches)
vitro
vivo
settings.
addition,
discussed
influence
delivered
drugs
on
cellular
mechanism
immunization
molecular
signaling
pathways
through
intradermal
route.
Understanding
putative
efficiency
microneedle
patches
human
medicine
help
us
develop
design
sophisticated
therapeutic
modalities.
Pharmaceutics,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
14(12), P. 2693 - 2693
Published: Dec. 1, 2022
Microneedles
are
micron-sized
devices
that
used
for
the
transdermal
administration
of
a
wide
range
active
pharmaceutics
substances
with
minimally
invasive
pain.
In
past
decade,
various
additive
manufacturing
technologies
have
been
fabrication
microneedles;
however,
they
limitations
due
to
material
compatibility
and
bioavailability
time-consuming
expensive
processes.
Additive
(AM),
which
is
popularly
known
as
3D-printing,
an
innovative
technology
builds
three-dimensional
solid
objects
(3D).
This
article
provides
comprehensive
review
different
3D-printing
potential
revolutionize
microneedles.
The
application
3D-printed
microneedles
in
fields,
such
drug
delivery,
vaccine
cosmetics,
therapy,
tissue
engineering,
diagnostics,
presented.
also
enumerates
challenges
posed
by
technologies,
including
cost,
limits
its
viability
large-scale
production,
microneedle-based
materials
human
cells,
concerns
around
efficient
large
dosages
loaded
Furthermore,
optimization
microneedle
design
parameters
features
best
printing
outcomes
paramount
interest.
Food
Drug
Administration
(FDA)
regulatory
guidelines
relating
safe
use
outlined.
Finally,
this
delineates
implementation
futuristic
artificial
intelligence
algorithms,
4D-printing
capabilities.
