Microbial transmission, colonisation and succession: from pregnancy to infancy

Gut, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 72(4), P. 772 - 786

Published: Jan. 31, 2023

The microbiome has been proven to be associated with many diseases and used as a biomarker target in disease prevention intervention. Currently, the vital role of pregnant women newborns is increasingly emphasised. In this review, we discuss interplay corresponding immune mechanism between mothers their offspring during perinatal period. We aim present comprehensive picture microbial transmission potential imprinting before after delivery. addition, possibility utero colonisation pregnancy, which highly debated recent studies, highlight importance infant development first 3 years life. This holistic view infants will refine our current understanding pregnancy complications well early life greatly facilitate microbiome-based prenatal diagnosis treatment mother-infant-related diseases.

Language: Английский

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The role of animal hosts in shaping gut microbiome variation

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 379(1901)

Published: March 18, 2024

Millions of years co-evolution between animals and their associated microbial communities have shaped diversified the nature relationship. Studies continue to reveal new layers complexity in host–microbe interactions, fate which depends on a variety different factors, ranging from neutral processes environmental factors local dynamics. Research is increasingly integrating ecosystem-based approaches, metagenomics mathematical modelling disentangle individual contribution ecological microbiome evolution. Within this framework, host are known be among dominant drivers composition animal species. However, extent they shape assembly evolution remains unclear. In review, we summarize our understanding how drive these dynamics conserved vary across taxa. We conclude by outlining key avenues for research highlight need implementation modifications existing theory fully capture host-associated microbiomes. This article part theme issue ‘Sculpting microbiome: determine respond colonization’.

Language: Английский

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The Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on the Gut–Brain Axis in Psychiatric Patients

Current Issues in Molecular Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 45(5), P. 4080 - 4099

Published: May 6, 2023

The pathophysiology of several psychiatric diseases may entail disturbances in the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis and metabolic pathways. Variations how these effects present themselves be connected to individual variances clinical symptoms treatment responses, such as observation that a significant fraction participants do not respond current antipsychotic drugs. A bidirectional signaling pathway between central nervous system gastrointestinal tract is known microbiota–gut–brain axis. large small intestines contain more than 100 trillion microbial cells, contributing intestinal ecosystem’s incredible complexity. Interactions microbiota epithelium can alter brain physiology affect mood behavior. There has recently been focus on relationships impact mental health. According evidence, play role neurological illnesses. Intestinal metabolites origin, short-chain fatty acids, tryptophan metabolites, bacterial components might stimulate host’s immune system, are mentioned this review. We aim shed some growing gut inducing/manipulating disorders, which pave way for novel microbiota-based therapies.

Language: Английский

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The source of microbial transmission influences niche colonization and microbiome development

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 291(2016)

Published: Feb. 6, 2024

Early life microbial colonizers shape and support the immature vertebrate immune system. Microbial colonization relies on vertical route via parental provisioning horizontal environmental contribution. Vertical transmission is mostly a maternal trait making it hard to determine source of in order gain insight into establishment community during crucial development stages. The evolution unique male pregnancy pipefishes seahorses enables disentanglement both transmission, but also facilitates differentiation versus paternal ranging from egg development, early juvenile development. Using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing source-tracker analyses, we revealed how distinct origins (maternal, horizontal) shaped internal external microbiome broad-nosed pipefish Syngnathus typhle . Our data suggest that transovarial contribution influences gut whereas mainly shapes microbiome. identification key microbes reveals temporal shifts enhances our understanding routes, dynamics their impact lifestyle evolution.

Language: Английский

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Eco-evolutionary implications of helminth microbiomes

Journal of Helminthology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 97

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Abstract The evolution of helminth parasites has long been seen as an interplay between host resistance to infection and the parasite's capacity bypass such resistance. However, there recently increasing appreciation role symbiotic microbes in interaction their hosts. It is now clear that helminths have a different microbiome from organisms they parasitize, sometimes amid large variability, components are shared among life stages or populations parasite. Helminths shown acquire parent generations (vertical transmission) surroundings (horizontal transmission). In this latter case, natural selection strongly linked fact helminth-associated microbiota not simply random assemblage pool available organismal hosts environments. Indeed, some specific microbial taxa evolved complex ecological relationships, ranging obligate mutualism reproductive manipulation by associated microbes. our understanding still very elementary regarding net effect all eco-evolution with non-exhaustible review, we focus on bacterial (as opposed hosts) highlight relevant concepts key findings transmission, associations, taxonomic functional diversity bacteriome. We integrate dimension discussion identify fundamental knowledge gaps, finally suggesting research avenues for eco-evolutionary impacts host–parasite interactions light new technological developments.

Language: Английский

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Linking microbiome temporal dynamics to host ecology in the wild

Trends in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 32(11), P. 1060 - 1071

Published: May 25, 2024

Ignoring the dynamic nature of microbial communities risks underestimating power microbes to impact health their hosts. Microbiomes are thought be important for host fitness, yet coarse temporal scale and population-level focus many studies precludes ability investigate importance among-individual variation in stability identify ecological contexts which this matters. Here we briefly summarise current knowledge dynamics wild host-associated communities. We then discuss implications microbiota suggest analytical approaches understanding these patterns. One major requirement is future conduct individual-level longitudinal analyses, with some systems already well set up answering questions.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota and immunity in health and diseases: a review

DELETED, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Oct. 4, 2024

Language: Английский

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Vertically inherited microbiota and environment modifying behaviours conceal genetic variation in dung beetle life history

Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 291(2021)

Published: April 17, 2024

Diverse organisms actively manipulate their (sym)biotic and physical environment in ways that feed back on own development. However, the degree to which these processes affect microevolution remains poorly understood. The gazelle dung beetle both physically modifies its ontogenetic structures biotic interactions through vertical symbiont transmission. By experimentally eliminating (i) environmental modifications (ii) inheritance of microbes, we assess how modifying behaviour microbiome transmission shape heritable variation evolutionary potential. We found depriving larvae symbionts behaviours increased additive genetic variance heritability for development time but not body size. This suggests larvae's ability has potential modify facilitate accumulation cryptic variation. may become released selectable when encounter environments are less amenable organismal manipulation or restructuring. Our findings also suggest intact microbiomes, commonly thought increase hosts, instead reduce conceal More broadly, our highlight populations evolve encountering novel, stressful conditions.

Language: Английский

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Different trematode parasites in the same snail host: Species‐specific or shared microbiota?

Molecular Ecology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 32(19), P. 5414 - 5428

Published: Aug. 24, 2023

The concept that microbes associated with macroorganisms evolve as a unit has swept evolutionary ecology. However, this idea is controversial due to factors such imperfect vertical transmission of microbial lineages and high microbiome variability among conspecific individuals the same population. Here, we tested several predictions regarding microbiota four trematodes (Galactosomum otepotiense, Philophthalmus attenuatus, Acanthoparyphium sp. Maritrema novaezealandense) parasitize snail host We predicted each parasite species would harbour distinct microbiota, composition similarity decreasing increasing phylogenetic distance species. also trematode co-infecting individual influence other's microbiota. detected significant differences in alpha beta diversity, well differential abundance, found no evidence phylogenetically closely related had more similar uncovered indicator bacterial taxa were significantly Trematode sharing showed mostly one-sided exchanges, community one approaching other. hypothesize natural selection acting on specific may be important maintain horizontally acquired microbes, playing role. In particular, consistent diverse bacteriota than others, potentially result stronger stabilizing pressures. conclude species-specific processes shape assembly different exploiting

Language: Английский

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Timing matters: age-dependent impacts of the social environment and host selection on the avian gut microbiota

Microbiome, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(1)

Published: Nov. 26, 2022

Abstract Background The establishment of the gut microbiota in early life is a critical process that influences development and fitness vertebrates. However, relative influence transmission from social environment host selection throughout ontogeny remains understudied, particularly avian species. We conducted conspecific heterospecific cross-fostering experiments zebra finches ( Taeniopygia guttata ) Bengalese Lonchura striata domestica under controlled conditions repeatedly sampled faecal these birds over first 3 months life. thus documented characterised impacts due to species-specific characteristics individual genetic backgrounds across by using 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing. Results taxonomic composition community structure changed ontogenetic stages; juvenile exhibited higher alpha diversity than adults at post-breeding stage. Furthermore, development, microbial communities juveniles raised foster parents resembled those their family, emphasising importance environment. In later stages, continued microbiota, but increased importance. Conclusions provided baseline description developmental succession finches, which necessary step for understanding impact on fitness. time species, we showed strengths two forces shape maintenance (i.e. dispersal environment) change during with increasing This finding should be considered when experimentally manipulating early-life microbiota. Our findings also provide new insights into mechanisms selection.

Language: Английский

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