Extracellular vesicles biogenesis and uptake concepts: A comprehensive guide to studying host–pathogen communication

Molecular Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 122(5), P. 613 - 629

Published: Sept. 27, 2023

Abstract The study of host–pathogen interactions has increased considerably in recent decades. This intercellular communication been mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs) that play an important role during the interaction. EVs are particles lipid bilayer and described different types cells, eukaryotic or prokaryotic. Depending on their biogenesis they as exosomes (derived from multivesicular bodies) microvesicles plasma membrane). carry biomolecules, including nucleic acids, lipids, proteins can be released internalized other cells pathways (endocytosis, macropinocytosis, phagocytosis, membrane fusion) process uptake. balance between uptake could modify physiological pathophysiological processes cell. review is focusing dynamic roles release capture We also do a critical analysis methodologies for obtaining analyzing EVs. Finally, we draw attention to points considered EV studies.

Language: Английский

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Role of parasite extracellular vesicles/exosomes in the interaction between hosts and virus-infected flagellate protozoa: progress and prospects

Animals and zoonoses., Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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A thermo‐resistant and RNase‐sensitive cargo from Giardia duodenalis extracellular vesicles modifies the behaviour of enterobacteria

Journal of Extracellular Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 2(9)

Published: Aug. 30, 2023

Abstract Extracellular vesicles (EVs) recently emerged as important players in the pathophysiology of parasitic infections. While protist parasite Giardia duodenalis can produce EVs, their role giardiasis remains obscure. disrupt gut microbiota biofilms and transform commensal bacteria into invasive pathobionts at sites devoid colonizing trophozoites via unknown mechanisms. We hypothesized that EVs could modify bacterial behaviour a novel mode trans‐kingdom communication. Our findings indicate exert bacteriostatic effects on Escherichia coli HB101 Enterobacter cloacae TW1, increasing swimming motility. also decreased biofilm‐forming ability E. but not by supporting hypothesis these are, least part, bacteria‐selective. TW1 exhibited increased adhesion/invasion onto small intestine epithelial cells when exposed to EVs. labelled with PKH67 revealed colocalization cells. Small RNA sequencing high abundance ribosomal (rRNA)‐ transfer (tRNA)‐derived RNAs, short‐interfering RNAs (siRNAs) micro‐RNAs (miRNAs) within Proteomic analysis uncovered presence chaperones heat shock proteins facilitate thermal stability its sRNA cargo, well protein‐modifying enzymes. In vitro, RNase heat‐treatment assays showed total proteins, are responsible for modulating motility biofilm formation. G. were adhesion intestinal induced upon exposure Together, contain heat‐stable, RNase‐sensitive cargo trigger development pathobiont characteristics Enterobacteria, depicting cross‐talk gut.

Language: Английский

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Novel therapeutic opportunities for Toxoplasma gondii, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Giardia intestinalis infections

Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Patents, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 33(3), P. 211 - 245

Published: March 4, 2023

Introduction Toxoplasma gondii, Trichomonas vaginalis, and Giardia intestinalis are the causative agents of toxoplasmosis, trichomoniasis, giardiasis, three important infections threatening human health affecting millions people worldwide. Although drugs treatment available to fight these protozoan parasites, side effects increasing drug resistance require continuous efforts for development novel effective drugs.Areas covered The patents search was carried out in September/October 2022 with four official scientific databases (Espacenet, Scifinder, Reaxys, Google Patents). Treatments giardiasis (2015–2022) have been grouped according their chemotypes. In particular, chemical entities reported investigated structure-activity relationship, when accessible. On other hand, repurposing, extensively exploited obtain antiprotozoal treatment, has in-depth described. Finally, natural metabolites extracts also reported.Expert opinion T. G. usually controlled by immune system immunocompetent patients; however, they could represent a immunocompromised people. needs drugs, endowed new mechanisms actions, arises from antibiotic as well therapies. this review different therapeutic approaches treat reported.

Language: Английский

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Lipidome of extracellular vesicles from Giardia lamblia

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 18(9), P. e0291292 - e0291292

Published: Sept. 8, 2023

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) (exossomes, microvesicles and apoptotic bodies) have been well acknowledged as mediators of intercellular communications in prokaryotes eukaryotes. Lipids are essential molecular components EVs but at the moment knowledge about lipid composition function lipids is limited for now none lipidomic studies Giardia was described. Therefore, focus current study to conduct, first time, characterization polar lipidome, namely phospholipid sphingolipid profiles G. lamblia trophozoites, (MVs) exosomes, using C18-Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (C18-LC-MS) Tandem Mass (MS/MS). A total 162 species were identified semi-quantified, or MVs exosomes belonging 8 classes, including classes phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylinositol (PI), cardiolipins (CL), sphingomyelin (SM) ceramides (Cer), cholesterol (ST), 3 subclasses that include lyso PC (LPC), PE (LPE) PG (LPG), showing different abundances. This work also identified, CL, Cer ST LPC, LPE LPG. Univariate multivariate analysis showed clear discrimination between trophozoite, MVs. The principal component (PCA) plot lipidomics dataset three groups. Future focused on functional properties may prove crucial understand role host-parasite communication, identify new targets could be exploited develop novel drugs treat giardiasis.

Language: Английский

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Unraveling the potential of Giardia extracellular vesicles as a vaccine candidat

Published: March 14, 2024

In this study, we investigated the role of Giardia EVs in cellular communication and their potential as vaccine candidates. Our findings revealed that activate pro-inflammatory signalling cascades, including SAPK/JNK ERK1/ERK2, well NF-kB pathway, resulting IκB-α degradation p65 translocation to nucleus, mouse macrophages. Moreover, increased expression genes encoding molecules, such Il1β, Il6, Il4, Ptgs2, Nos2, Tnf. Interestingly, enhanced maturation status human Mo-DCs significantly T-cell proliferation with a Th1 profile. Immunization studies demonstrated elicited antigen-specific antibodies, IgG subclasses indicating balance Th1/ Th2 response. Mass spectrometry analysis identified EV proteins (22 KDa 50 KDa) bind serum antibodies immunized mice elongation factor 1-alpha, Alpha-7.3 giardin, tubulin, Variant Surface Proteins (VSP), known antigenic infections. Overall, our results indicated modulate innate immune cells vitro, induce antibody-based response vivo, contain conserved immunogenic proteins. Consequently, hold promise cell-free candidate for giardiasis.

Language: Английский

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Overview of extracellular vesicles in pathogens with special focus on human extracellular protozoan parasites

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 119

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are lipid-bilayered membrane-delimited particles secreted by almost any cell type, involved in different functions according to the of origin and its state. From these, communication, pathogen-host interactions modulation immune response have been widely studied. Moreover, these could be employed for diagnostic therapeutic purposes, including infections produced pathogens diverse types; regarding parasites, secretion, characterisation, roles EVs studied particular cases. heterogeneity presents challenges at every stage studies, which motivates research this area. In review, we summarise some aspects related secretion from several groups pathogens, with special focus on most recent extracellular protozoan parasites.

Language: Английский

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Potential role of parasite-derived exosomes in human diseases

Elsevier eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 421 - 444

Published: Nov. 29, 2024

Language: Английский

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