Progress in Intestinal Homeostasis and Mechanisms of Pancreatic Cancer

Phenomics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 23, 2025

Language: Английский

---

Exposure to high altitude leads to disturbances in host metabolic homeostasis: study of the effects of hypoxia-reoxygenation and the associations between the microbiome and metabolome

mSystems, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 16, 2025

ABSTRACT This study investigated alterations in hematological parameters, gut microbiota composition, and fecal plasma metabolic profiles among high-altitude residents during reoxygenation periods of 1 week, month, 4 months to elucidate the effects on human physiology metabolism. Exposure high altitudes alters intestinal flora, metabolites, disrupting their balance. Distinct differences amino acid, lipid, energy, immune, cofactor, vitamin metabolism pathways were detected between high- low-altitude populations, with a partial recovery disparities reoxygenation. Although exhibited limited adaptive homeostasis altitude variations, abundance microbial taxa expression levels metabolites initial phase, particularly first sensitive reoxygenated environment. Through 16S rRNA gene sequencing bioinformatics analysis, operational taxonomic units (OTUs) annotated at genus level, revealing that genera Barnesiella, Parabacteroides, Megasphaera , along L-arginine, S1P, alpha-D-glucose, emerged as potential biomarkers for week populations. Notably, marked change oxidative stress an increase antioxidant capacity observed early Tyrosine metabolism, which is jointly regulated by microbiota, plays important role under conditions Additionally, pyridoxine hypoxanthine Rothia correlated significantly deacclimatization syndrome scores IMPORTANCE Our research focuses prompt activation tyrosine following reoxygenation, regulatory mechanisms employed feces modulate this process. stages specific such Parabacteroides alongside including emerge pivotal players. our findings reveal distinct profile characterized decrease MCHC increases MCV RDW-SD temporal window crucial juncture metabolome. Whereas month signified phase microbiome’s adaptation altered environmental conditions, evidenced alpha diversity.

Language: Английский

---

Faecalibacterium duncaniae Mitigates Intestinal Barrier Damage in Mice Induced by High-Altitude Exposure by Increasing Levels of 2-Ketoglutaric Acid

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(8), P. 1380 - 1380

Published: April 19, 2025

Background/Objectives: Exposure to high altitudes often results in gastrointestinal disorders. This study aimed identify probiotic strains that can alleviate such Methods: We conducted a microbiome analysis investigate the differences gut microbiota among volunteers during acute response and acclimatization phases at altitudes. Subsequently, we established mouse model of intestinal barrier damage induced by high-altitude exposure further roles 2-ketoglutaric acid. Additionally, performed untargeted metabolomics transcriptomic analyses elucidate underlying mechanisms. Results: The revealed significant increase abundance Faecalibacterium prausnitzii phase. duncaniae (F. duncaniae) significantly mitigated reduction acid levels cecal contents mice. Immunohistochemistry TUNEL staining demonstrated decreased expression ZO-1 occludin while increasing apoptosis ileal tissues. In contrast, treatment with F. alleviated loss occludin, as well exposure. Furthermore, also this damage, reducing Transcriptomic indicated affects calcium signaling pathway; conversely, administration influenced PPAR pathway, mineral absorption, regulation lipolysis adipocytes. FBJ osteosarcoma oncogene (Fos) was markedly reduced following duncaniae. Conclusions: mitigates hypoxia-induced shows promise probiotic, ultimately aiding travelers adapting environments.

Language: Английский

---

The altitudinal patterns of global human gut microbial diversity

BMC Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 25(1)

Published: May 5, 2025

The human gut microbiota is closely associated with health, influencing not only overall well-being but also the incidence and treatment outcomes of diseases. Altitudinal gradients are considered to impact microbial community characteristics through factors such as environmental temperature, humidity, lifestyle. While previous studies have reported altitudinal variations in specific regions, a comprehensive exploration these patterns at global scale still lacking. In this study, we analyzed 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing data from healthy microbiota, spanning altitudes 3 m 3850 m, obtained multiple open-access databases. analysis focused on elucidating diversity, composition, functional profiles. After screening, total 6702 sequences 15 countries were obtained. diversity decreased increasing altitude (R = -0.047, P < 0.001), no consistent results acquired among continents. relative abundances genera Faecalibacterium Blautia rising -0.131 R -0.135, respectively, 0.001 for both), while abundance genus Prevotella increased 0.336, 0.001). However, taxa Bacilliota, Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium exhibit trends across different genes metabolism terpenoids polyketides, lipid metabolism, neurodegenerative diseases, aging 0.146, 0.037, 0.366, 0.317, respectively; 0.003, others Conversely, related immune system carbohydrate -0.166 -0.219, both). Altitude significantly influences attributes microbiota.

Language: Английский

---

The gut homeostasis-immune system axis: novel insights into rheumatoid arthritis pathogenesis and treatment

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Sept. 26, 2024

Rheumatoid arthritis is a widely prevalent autoimmune bone disease that imposes significant burden on global healthcare systems due to its increasing incidence. In recent years, attention has focused the interaction between gut homeostasis and immune system, particularly in relation health. Dysbiosis, which refers an imbalance composition function of microbiota, been shown drive dysregulation through mechanisms such as release pro-inflammatory metabolites, increased permeability, impaired regulatory T cell function. These factors collectively contribute system imbalance, promoting onset progression arthritis. Dysbiosis induces both local systemic inflammatory responses, activating key cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha, Interleukin-6, Interleukin-17, exacerbate joint inflammation damage. Investigating complex interactions regulation context pathogenesis holds promise for identifying new therapeutic targets, revealing novel progression, offering innovative strategies clinical treatment.

Language: Английский

---

Altitude adaptation: The unseen work of gut microbiota

hLife, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Changes in the Expression of Genes Regulating the Response to Hypoxia, Inflammation, Cell Cycle, Apoptosis, and Epithelial Barrier Functioning during Colitis-Associated Colorectal Cancer Depend on Individual Hypoxia Tolerance

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(14), P. 7801 - 7801

Published: July 16, 2024

One of the factors contributing to colorectal cancer (CRC) development is inflammation, which mostly hypoxia-associated. This study aimed characterize morphological and molecular biological features colon tumors in mice that were tolerant susceptible hypoxia based on colitis-associated CRC (CAC). Hypoxia tolerance was assessed through a gasping time evaluation decompression chamber. month later, animals experimentally modeled for by intraperitoneal azoxymethane administration three dextran sulfate sodium consumption cycles. The incidence tumor distal two times higher all (100%) represented adenocarcinomas, while mice, only 14% adenocarcinomas 86% glandular intraepithelial neoplasia. area serially stepped sections statistically significantly animals. number macrophages, CD3−CD19+, CD3+CD4+, NK cells did not differ between animals; however, CD3+CD8+ vimentin+ mice. Changes expression genes regulating response hypoxia, cell cycle, apoptosis, epithelial barrier functioning peritumoral depended initial mouse’s tolerance, should be taken into account new CAC diagnostics treatment approaches development.

Language: Английский

---

Resveratrol attenuates non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-induced intestinal injury in rats in a high-altitude hypoxic environment by modulating the TLR4/NFκB/IκB pathway and gut microbiota composition

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(8), P. e0305233 - e0305233

Published: Aug. 12, 2024

Introduction Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are currently the most widely used medications, but their long-term use can cause damage to gastrointestinal tract(GIT). One of risk factors for GIT injury is exposure a high-altitude hypoxic environment, which lead intestinal mucosal barrier. Taking NSAIDs in environment exacerbate and impact gut microbiota. The aim this study investigate mechanisms by resveratrol (RSV) intervention alleviates NSAID-induced as well its role regulating Methods Aspirin was administered orally rats construct rat model induced NSAIDs. Following induction injury, were RSV gavage, expression levels TLR4, NF-κB,IκB Zonula Occludens-1 (ZO-1) Occludin proteins different treatment groups assessed via Western blot. Furthermore, inflammatory IL-10, IL-1β, TNF-α evaluated using Elisa.16sRNA sequencing employed alterations Results HCk group showed elevated TLR4/NF-κB/IκB pathway proteins, increased pro-inflammatory IL-1β TNF-α, decreased factor barrier ZO-1 Occludin. administration plateau exacerbates inflammation After with intervention, signaling would be reduced, thereby lowering HAsp group. results HE staining directly show intestines repair mucosa after intervention. 16sRNA significant differences (P<0.05) Ruminococcus , Facklamia Parasutterella Jeotgalicoccus Coprococcus Psychrobacter between Ck Compared group, shows ( P <0.05) Roseburia Alloprevotella . Clostridium_sensu_stricto bacteria significantly increase compared Conclusion Resveratrol attenuate caused at high altitude environments modulating microbiota composition.

Language: Английский

---

Structure and Metabolic Characteristics of Intestinal Microbiota in Tibetan and Han Populations of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and Associated Influencing Factors

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(11), P. 2655 - 2655

Published: Oct. 28, 2023

Residents of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau might experience shifts in their gut microbiota composition as a result plateau environment. For example, high altitudes can increase abundance obligate anaerobic bacteria, decrease number aerobic bacteria and facultative probiotics, pathogenic bacteria. This study aimed to determine structure metabolic differences intestinal microbial communities among Tibetan Han populations on Qinghai-Xizang shed light factors that influence gut. The structural characteristics microorganisms were detected from blood fecal samples using 16S rRNA sequencing. Metabolic gas chromatography–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC–TOFMS). influencing analyzed Spearman’s correlation analysis. Bacteroides Bifidobacterium dominant tract population, while Prevotella with marked Pseudomonas, Prevotella, other genera. Ferulic acid 4-methylcatechol main differential metabolites between ethnic groups. may be reason for different adaptability nationalities plateau. Alanine aminotransferase uric also have metabolites, which play role. These results reveal notable disparities compositions people residing provide insights regarding mechanism adaptability.

Language: Английский

---