PLoS ONE,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
18(7), P. e0288560 - e0288560
Published: July 31, 2023
Background
The
double
burden
of
malaria
and
helminthiasis
in
children
poses
an
obvious
public
health
challenge,
particularly
terms
anemia
morbidity.
While
both
diseases
frequently
geographically
overlap,
most
studies
focus
on
mono-infection
general
prevalence
surveys
without
molecular
analysis.
current
study
investigated
the
epidemiological
determinants
malaria,
schistosomiasis,
geohelminthiasis
transmission
among
North
Region
Cameroon.
Methodology
School
pre-school
aged
3–15
year-of-age
were
enrolled
from
three
communities
March
2021
using
a
community
cross-sectional
design.
Capillary-blood
samples
obtained,
each
was
examined
for
parasites
rapid-diagnostic-test
(RDT),
microscopy,
PCR
while
hemoglobin
level
measured
hemoglobinometer.
Stool
analyzed
Schistosoma
mansoni
,
S
.
guineensis
soil-transmitted-helminthiasis
(STH)
infections
Kato
Katz
method,
urine
assessed
presence
haematobium
eggs
(including
hybrids)
standard
filtration
technique.
Result
A
56%
(277/495)
recorded
by
as
opposed
to
31.5%
(156/495)
microscopy
37.8%
(186/495)
RDT.
Similarly,
schistosomiasis
observed
at
levels
up
13.3%
(66/495)
overall
[
(8.7%);
(3.8%);
mixed
Sh/Sm
(0.6%);
Sh/Sm/Sg
(0.2%).
Both
higher
males
3–9
groups.
high
frequency
reported
P
falciparum
81.9%
(227/277)
falciparum/P
malariae
infection
17.3%
(48/277)
observed.
Malaria-helminths
co-infections
13.1%
(65/495)
with
marked
variation
between
/
(50.8%,
33/65);
/S.
(16.9%,
11/65)
Ascaris
(9.2%,
6/65)
(
χ
2
=
17.5,
p
0.00003).
Anemia
32.9%
(163/495),
categorically
associated
(45.8%,
104/227),
Pf/Sh
(11.5%,
26/227),
Pf/Sm
(3.9%,
9/227)
polyparasitism.
Conclusion
Polyparasitism
helminth
is
common
school-aged
despite
periodic
long-lasting
insecticide-treated
nets
(LLINs)
distribution
regular
school-based
praziquantel
(for
schistosomiasis)
albendazole
STH)
campaigns.
Co-existence
Plasmodium
helminths
notably
species
may
concurrently
lead
increase
enhanced
risk
anemia,
highlighting
necessity
integrated
approach
disease
control
interventions.
Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
378(1887)
Published: Aug. 20, 2023
The
past
three
years
has
seen
the
launch
of
a
new
World
Health
Organization
(WHO)
neglected
tropical
diseases
(NTDs)
roadmap,
together
with
revised
control
and
elimination
guidelines.
Across
all,
there
is
now
clear
emphasis
on
need
to
incorporate
One
approach,
recognizing
critical
links
between
human
animal
health
environment.
Schistosomiasis,
caused
by
Schistosoma
spp.
trematodes,
NTD
global
medical
veterinary
importance,
over
220
million
people
untold
millions
livestock
currently
infected.
Its
burden
remains
extremely
high
in
certain
regions,
particularly
within
sub-Saharan
Africa,
despite
two
decades
mass
preventive
chemotherapy
(mass
drug
administration),
predominantly
school-aged
children.
In
contrast
Asia,
any
zoonotic
component
schistosomiasis
transmission
its
implications
for
disease
has,
until
recently,
been
largely
ignored.
Here,
we
review
recent
epidemiological,
clinical,
molecular,
modelling
work
across
both
Asia
Africa.
We
outline
evolutionary
history
dynamics
species,
emphasize
emerging
risk
raised
wildlife
reservoirs
viable
hybridization
schistosomes.
To
achieve
2030
WHO
roadmap
targets,
truly
multi-disciplinary
perspective
must
be
implemented.
This
article
part
theme
issue
‘Challenges
opportunities
fight
against
diseases:
decade
from
London
Declaration
NTDs’.
PLoS Pathogens,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
18(8), P. e1010706 - e1010706
Published: Aug. 8, 2022
Hybridization
between
different
species
of
parasites
is
increasingly
being
recognised
as
a
major
public
and
veterinary
health
concern
at
the
interface
infectious
diseases
biology,
evolution,
epidemiology
ultimately
control.
Recent
research
has
revealed
that
viable
hybrids
introgressed
lineages
Schistosoma
spp.
are
prevalent
across
Africa
beyond,
including
those
with
zoonotic
potential.
However,
it
remains
unclear
whether
these
hybrid
represent
recent
hybridization
events,
suggesting
ongoing,
and/or
they
derived
from
ancient
events.
In
human
schistosomiasis,
investigation
hampered
by
inaccessibility
adult-stage
worms
due
to
their
intravascular
location,
an
issue
which
can
be
circumvented
post-mortem
livestock
abattoirs
for
known
To
characterise
composition
naturally-occurring
schistosome
hybrids,
we
performed
whole-genome
sequencing
21
natural
infective
isolates.
facilitate
this,
also
assembled
de
novo
chromosomal-scale
draft
assembly
curassoni
.
Genomic
analyses
identified
isolates
S
bovis
,
two
species,
all
were
early
generation
multiple
generations
found
within
same
host.
These
results
show
ongoing
process
populations
potential
further
challenge
elimination
efforts
against
schistosomiasis.
One Health,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
19, P. 100761 - 100761
Published: June 14, 2024
In
Malawi,
the
putative
origin
of
a
newly
described
Schistosoma
haematobium-mattheei
hybrid
human
schistosome
was
assessed
upon
seminal
molecular
parasitological
survey
cattle.
Using
miracidia
hatch
test
(MHT)
and
carcass
inspection
at
slaughter,
mean
prevalence
bovine
schistosomiasis
49.1%
(95%
CI:
43.7–54.6%)
10.3%
6.0–16.2%)
respectively,
though
significant
spatial
heterogeneity
noted.
Approximately
2.0%
infected
cattle,
only
those
from
Mangochi
District,
shed
S.
and/or
haematobium
in
faeces.
To
quantify
(re)infection
dynamics,
where
present,
we
undertook
novel
pilot
GPS-datalogging
sub-study
within
specific
herd
cattle
(n
=
8)
on
Lake
Malawi
shoreline,
alongside
praziquantel
(40
mg/kg)
treatment
efficacy
spot
check.
At
baseline,
all
GPS-tagged
had
proven
daily
water
contact
with
lake.
Each
animal
patently
MHT,
older
animals
shedding
less
miracidia.
one
month
review,
whilst
cure
100.0%,
six
weeks
onwards,
first
noted
youngest
animal.
By
three-month
were
(re)infected
mattheei
recovered,
albeit
much
lower
numbers.
conclude,
infection
is
particularly
common
demonstrates
previously
cryptic
burden
schistosomiasis.
Within
transmission
both
hybrids
are
now
incriminated,
unequivocal
evidence
contemporary
zoonotic
spill-over.
Future
control
urogenital
here
southern
region
needs
to
develop,
then
successfully
integrate,
One
Health
approach
appropriate
mitigating
strategies
reduce
contain
transmission.
PLoS neglected tropical diseases,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
19(3), P. e0012942 - e0012942
Published: March 31, 2025
Background
Globalization
and
neglected
tropical
diseases
(NTDs)
are
increasingly
closely
linked.
In
recent
years,
Spain
Southern
Europe
experiencing
a
considerable
increase
in
the
influx
of
migrants
infected
by
NTDs,
mainly
from
West
African
countries.
This
study
focuses
on
imported
schistosomiasis
entry
into
hetero-specific
hybrids
between
two
human
species,
Schistosoma
mansoni
S.
haematobium,
causing
intestinal
urogenital
respectively.
Methodology/principal
findings
Individualized
genetic
identification
molecular
analysis
using
RD-PCR,
sequencing
cloning
nuclear
rDNA
mtDNA
134
eggs
was
performed,
including
41
lateral-spined
84
terminal-spined
urine,
nine
stools.
These
were
recovered
six
migrant
males
Senegal,
Guinea-Bissau,
Côte
d’Ivoire
Mali,
who
shared
ectopic
shedding
-like
their
urine.
A
high
hybridization
complexity
detected
these
patients,
involving
three
species.
The
patients
x
haematobium
eggs,
also
curassoni
haematobium-
like
eggs.
SmxSh
mostly
urine
(94.59%),
whereas
feces
detection
those
less
frequent
(5.41%).
Conclusions/significance
contributes
to:
(i)
better
understanding
heterospecific
point
view;
(ii)
it
shows
frequency
with
which
they
entering
non-endemic
countries,
such
as
consequently
Europe;
(iii)
determines
diversity
hybrid
haplotypes
that
can
occur
within
single
patient,
e.g.,
up
to
types
species
different
haplotypes;
(iv)
provides
information
be
considered
clinical
presentations,
diagnosis,
responses
treatment
epidemiological
impact
relation
possible
transmission
establishment
areas.
PLoS Pathogens,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
18(2), P. e1010288 - e1010288
Published: Feb. 15, 2022
Urogenital
schistosomiasis
is
caused
by
the
blood
fluke
Schistosoma
haematobium
and
one
of
most
neglected
tropical
diseases
worldwide,
afflicting
>
100
million
people.
It
characterised
granulomata,
fibrosis
calcification
in
urogenital
tissues,
can
lead
to
increased
susceptibility
HIV/AIDS
squamous
cell
carcinoma
bladder.
To
complement
available
treatment
programs
break
transmission
disease,
sound
knowledge
understanding
biology
ecology
S.
required.
Hybridisation/introgression
events
molecular
variation
among
members
haematobium-group
might
effect
important
biological
and/or
disease
traits
as
well
morbidity
effectiveness
control
including
mass
drug
administration.
Here
we
report
first
chromosome-contiguous
genome
for
a
well-defined
laboratory
line
this
fluke.
An
exploration
using
transcriptomic
data
all
key
developmental
stages
allowed
us
refine
gene
models
(including
non-coding
elements)
annotations,
discover
'new'
genes
transcription
profiles
these
stages,
likely
linked
development
pathogenesis.
Molecular
within
some
geographical
locations
Africa
revealed
unique
genomic
'signatures'
that
matched
species
other
than
haematobium,
indicating
occurrence
introgression
events.
The
present
reference
(designated
Shae.V3)
findings
from
study
solidly
underpin
future
functional
investigations
accelerate
systematic,
large-scale
population
genomics
investigations,
with
focus
on
improved
sustained
schistosomiasis.
Frontiers in Tropical Diseases,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
3
Published: Sept. 7, 2022
Schistosomiasis,
a
neglected
tropical
disease,
is
widespread
chronic
helminthiasis
reported
in
78
countries,
predominantly
those
within
sub-Saharan
Africa,
as
well
Latin
America,
Asia,
and
most
recently,
even
Europe.
Species
of
the
causative
blood
fluke
infect
not
only
humans
but
also
animals,
hybrids
between
previously
assumed
human-specific
animal-specific
schistosomes
are
being
increasingly
reported.
Existing
control
programs
across
Africa
focus
on
rely
heavily
mass
drug
administration
praziquantel,
sole
available
against
schistosomiasis.
Praziquantel
safe
highly
efficacious
could
become
ineffective
if
resistance
emerges.
To
reach
revised
World
Health
Organization
goal
elimination
schistosomiasis
public
health
problem,
interruption
transmission
selected
regions,
by
2030,
new
consideration
role
animal
reservoirs
human
general,
whether
to
treat
livestock
with
praziquantel
particular,
has
been
raised.
However,
whilst
there
no
dedicated
targeting
animals
outside
emerging
reports
use
misuse
Africa.
Therefore,
effectively
help
mitigate
potential
evolution
resistance,
structured
strategies
required.
Here,
using
modelling
approach,
we
evaluate
effectiveness
theoretical
test-and-treat
(TnT)
strategy
bovine
currently
point-of-care
diagnostic
test
(developed
for
use)
detect
circulating
cathodic
antigen
(POC-CCA).
We
show
that
implementing
TnT
at
herd-level
from
2022
2030
be
effective
suppressing
infection
cattle
even,
lower
prevalence
settings,
reaching
nominal
‘elimination’
targets.
highlight
importance
enhancing
specificity
POC-CCA
avoid
unnecessary
treatments
discuss
outstanding
challenges
associated
part
holistic
One
approach
tackling
IntechOpen eBooks,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
unknown
Published: April 19, 2022
Current
control
of
human
schistosomiasis
in
Africa
is
based
on
preventive
chemotherapy,
whereby
populations
are
mass-treated
with
an
anthelminthic
medication,
praziquantel.
The
World
Health
Organization
has
set
a
goal
eliminating
as
public
health
problem
and,
ultimately,
transmission
all
countries
where
endemic
by
2030.
However,
recurrent
hybridization
between
Schistosoma
species
emerging
concern
that
major
impact
the
distribution
disease
and
ultimately
may
derail
elimination
efforts.
One
approach
recognizes
interconnections
humans,
animals
environment,
encourages
collaborative
efforts
toward
best
outcomes.
This
chapter
explains
how
can
accelerate
Africa.