Reaching the World Health Organization elimination targets for schistosomiasis: the importance of a One Health perspective

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 378(1887)

Published: Aug. 20, 2023

The past three years has seen the launch of a new World Health Organization (WHO) neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) roadmap, together with revised control and elimination guidelines. Across all, there is now clear emphasis on need to incorporate One approach, recognizing critical links between human animal health environment. Schistosomiasis, caused by Schistosoma spp. trematodes, NTD global medical veterinary importance, over 220 million people untold millions livestock currently infected. Its burden remains extremely high in certain regions, particularly within sub-Saharan Africa, despite two decades mass preventive chemotherapy (mass drug administration), predominantly school-aged children. In contrast Asia, any zoonotic component schistosomiasis transmission its implications for disease has, until recently, been largely ignored. Here, we review recent epidemiological, clinical, molecular, modelling work across both Asia Africa. We outline evolutionary history dynamics species, emphasize emerging risk raised wildlife reservoirs viable hybridization schistosomes. To achieve 2030 WHO roadmap targets, truly multi-disciplinary perspective must be implemented. This article part theme issue ‘Challenges opportunities fight against diseases: decade from London Declaration NTDs’.

Language: Английский

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Genomic evidence of contemporary hybridization between Schistosoma species

PLoS Pathogens, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18(8), P. e1010706 - e1010706

Published: Aug. 8, 2022

Hybridization between different species of parasites is increasingly being recognised as a major public and veterinary health concern at the interface infectious diseases biology, evolution, epidemiology ultimately control. Recent research has revealed that viable hybrids introgressed lineages Schistosoma spp. are prevalent across Africa beyond, including those with zoonotic potential. However, it remains unclear whether these hybrid represent recent hybridization events, suggesting ongoing, and/or they derived from ancient events. In human schistosomiasis, investigation hampered by inaccessibility adult-stage worms due to their intravascular location, an issue which can be circumvented post-mortem livestock abattoirs for known To characterise composition naturally-occurring schistosome hybrids, we performed whole-genome sequencing 21 natural infective isolates. facilitate this, also assembled de novo chromosomal-scale draft assembly curassoni . Genomic analyses identified isolates S bovis , two species, all were early generation multiple generations found within same host. These results show ongoing process populations potential further challenge elimination efforts against schistosomiasis.

Language: Английский

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Revealing bovine schistosomiasis in Malawi: Connecting human and hybrid schistosomes within cattle

One Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19, P. 100761 - 100761

Published: June 14, 2024

In Malawi, the putative origin of a newly described Schistosoma haematobium-mattheei hybrid human schistosome was assessed upon seminal molecular parasitological survey cattle. Using miracidia hatch test (MHT) and carcass inspection at slaughter, mean prevalence bovine schistosomiasis 49.1% (95% CI: 43.7–54.6%) 10.3% 6.0–16.2%) respectively, though significant spatial heterogeneity noted. Approximately 2.0% infected cattle, only those from Mangochi District, shed S. and/or haematobium in faeces. To quantify (re)infection dynamics, where present, we undertook novel pilot GPS-datalogging sub-study within specific herd cattle (n = 8) on Lake Malawi shoreline, alongside praziquantel (40 mg/kg) treatment efficacy spot check. At baseline, all GPS-tagged had proven daily water contact with lake. Each animal patently MHT, older animals shedding less miracidia. one month review, whilst cure 100.0%, six weeks onwards, first noted youngest animal. By three-month were (re)infected mattheei recovered, albeit much lower numbers. conclude, infection is particularly common demonstrates previously cryptic burden schistosomiasis. Within transmission both hybrids are now incriminated, unequivocal evidence contemporary zoonotic spill-over. Future control urogenital here southern region needs to develop, then successfully integrate, One Health approach appropriate mitigating strategies reduce contain transmission.

Language: Английский

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Beyond schistosomiasis: unraveling co-infections and altered immunity

Clinical Microbiology Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 37(1)

Published: Feb. 6, 2024

Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by the helminth

Language: Английский

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Human schistosomiasis

The Lancet, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 405(10479), P. 658 - 670

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Schistosoma mansoni x S. haematobium hybrids frequently infecting sub-Saharan migrants in southeastern Europe: Egg DNA genotyping assessed by RD-PCR, sequencing and cloning

PLoS neglected tropical diseases, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 19(3), P. e0012942 - e0012942

Published: March 31, 2025

Background Globalization and neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are increasingly closely linked. In recent years, Spain Southern Europe experiencing a considerable increase in the influx of migrants infected by NTDs, mainly from West African countries. This study focuses on imported schistosomiasis entry into hetero-specific hybrids between two human species, Schistosoma mansoni S. haematobium, causing intestinal urogenital respectively. Methodology/principal findings Individualized genetic identification molecular analysis using RD-PCR, sequencing cloning nuclear rDNA mtDNA 134 eggs was performed, including 41 lateral-spined 84 terminal-spined urine, nine stools. These were recovered six migrant males Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, Côte d’Ivoire Mali, who shared ectopic shedding -like their urine. A high hybridization complexity detected these patients, involving three species. The patients x haematobium eggs, also curassoni haematobium- like eggs. SmxSh mostly urine (94.59%), whereas feces detection those less frequent (5.41%). Conclusions/significance contributes to: (i) better understanding heterospecific point view; (ii) it shows frequency with which they entering non-endemic countries, such as consequently Europe; (iii) determines diversity hybrid haplotypes that can occur within single patient, e.g., up to types species different haplotypes; (iv) provides information be considered clinical presentations, diagnosis, responses treatment epidemiological impact relation possible transmission establishment areas.

Language: Английский

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New challenges for the control of human schistosomiasis: The possible impact of wild rodents in Schistosoma mansoni transmission

Acta Tropica, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 236, P. 106677 - 106677

Published: Sept. 5, 2022

Language: Английский

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Chromosome-level genome of Schistosoma haematobium underpins genome-wide explorations of molecular variation

PLoS Pathogens, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18(2), P. e1010288 - e1010288

Published: Feb. 15, 2022

Urogenital schistosomiasis is caused by the blood fluke Schistosoma haematobium and one of most neglected tropical diseases worldwide, afflicting > 100 million people. It characterised granulomata, fibrosis calcification in urogenital tissues, can lead to increased susceptibility HIV/AIDS squamous cell carcinoma bladder. To complement available treatment programs break transmission disease, sound knowledge understanding biology ecology S. required. Hybridisation/introgression events molecular variation among members haematobium-group might effect important biological and/or disease traits as well morbidity effectiveness control including mass drug administration. Here we report first chromosome-contiguous genome for a well-defined laboratory line this fluke. An exploration using transcriptomic data all key developmental stages allowed us refine gene models (including non-coding elements) annotations, discover 'new' genes transcription profiles these stages, likely linked development pathogenesis. Molecular within some geographical locations Africa revealed unique genomic 'signatures' that matched species other than haematobium, indicating occurrence introgression events. The present reference (designated Shae.V3) findings from study solidly underpin future functional investigations accelerate systematic, large-scale population genomics investigations, with focus on improved sustained schistosomiasis.

Language: Английский

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Modelling livestock test-and-treat: A novel One Health strategy to control schistosomiasis and mitigate drug resistance

Frontiers in Tropical Diseases, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 3

Published: Sept. 7, 2022

Schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease, is widespread chronic helminthiasis reported in 78 countries, predominantly those within sub-Saharan Africa, as well Latin America, Asia, and most recently, even Europe. Species of the causative blood fluke infect not only humans but also animals, hybrids between previously assumed human-specific animal-specific schistosomes are being increasingly reported. Existing control programs across Africa focus on rely heavily mass drug administration praziquantel, sole available against schistosomiasis. Praziquantel safe highly efficacious could become ineffective if resistance emerges. To reach revised World Health Organization goal elimination schistosomiasis public health problem, interruption transmission selected regions, by 2030, new consideration role animal reservoirs human general, whether to treat livestock with praziquantel particular, has been raised. However, whilst there no dedicated targeting animals outside emerging reports use misuse Africa. Therefore, effectively help mitigate potential evolution resistance, structured strategies required. Here, using modelling approach, we evaluate effectiveness theoretical test-and-treat (TnT) strategy bovine currently point-of-care diagnostic test (developed for use) detect circulating cathodic antigen (POC-CCA). We show that implementing TnT at herd-level from 2022 2030 be effective suppressing infection cattle even, lower prevalence settings, reaching nominal ‘elimination’ targets. highlight importance enhancing specificity POC-CCA avoid unnecessary treatments discuss outstanding challenges associated part holistic One approach tackling

Language: Английский

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Schistosoma Hybridizations and Risk of Emerging Zoonosis in Africa: Time to Think of a One Health Approach for Sustainable Schistosomiasis Control and Elimination

IntechOpen eBooks, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 19, 2022

Current control of human schistosomiasis in Africa is based on preventive chemotherapy, whereby populations are mass-treated with an anthelminthic medication, praziquantel. The World Health Organization has set a goal eliminating as public health problem and, ultimately, transmission all countries where endemic by 2030. However, recurrent hybridization between Schistosoma species emerging concern that major impact the distribution disease and ultimately may derail elimination efforts. One approach recognizes interconnections humans, animals environment, encourages collaborative efforts toward best outcomes. This chapter explains how can accelerate Africa.

Language: Английский

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