Polyphenols in Plants: Structure, Biosynthesis, Abiotic Stress Regulation, and Practical Applications (Review)

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(18), P. 13874 - 13874

Published: Sept. 9, 2023

Phenolic compounds or polyphenols are among the most common of secondary metabolism in plants. Their biosynthesis is characteristic all plant cells and carried out with participation shikimate acetate-malonate pathways. In this case, various structures formed, such as phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, oligomeric polymeric phenolic nature. number already exceeds 10,000. The diversity phenolics affects their biological activity functional role. Most representatives characterized by interaction reactive oxygen species, which manifests itself not only plants but also human body, where they enter through food chains. Having a high activity, successfully used medicines nutritional supplements for health population. accumulation depend on many factors, including physiological-biochemical, molecular-genetic, environmental factors. review, we present latest literature data structure classes compounds, antioxidant biosynthesis, molecular genetic aspects (genes transfactors). Since grow significant changes planet, response to action abiotic factors (light, UV radiation, temperature, heavy metals) at level composition these metabolites, well metabolic regulation, considered. Information given about important necessary components nutrition pharmaceutically valuable substances Proposals promising areas research development field presented.

Language: Английский

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Neuroprotective Potentials of Flavonoids: Experimental Studies and Mechanisms of Action

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 280 - 280

Published: Jan. 27, 2023

Neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, particularly those related to aging, are on the rise, but drug therapies rarely curative. Functional disorders organic degeneration of nervous tissue often have complex causes, in which phenomena oxidative stress, inflammation cytotoxicity intertwined. For these reasons, search for natural substances that can slow down or counteract pathologies has increased rapidly over last two decades. In this paper, studies neuroprotective effects flavonoids (especially most widely used, hesperidin quercetin) animal models depression, neurotoxicity, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) Parkinson’s reviewed. The literature topics amounts a few hundred publications vitro vivo (notably rodents) provides us with very detailed picture action mechanisms targets substances. These include decrease enzymes produce reactive oxygen ferroptosis, inhibition mono-amine oxidases, stimulation Nrf2/ARE system, induction brain-derived neurotrophic factor production and, case AD, prevention amyloid-beta aggregation. neuroinflammatory processes been documented as cytokine formation (mainly TNF-alpha IL-1beta) by microglia astrocytes, modulating number regulatory proteins such Nf-kB NLRP3/inflammasome. Although clinical trials humans still scarce, preclinical allow consider hesperidin, quercetin, other interesting safe dietary molecules be further investigated complementary treatments order prevent diseases moderate their deleterious effects.

Language: Английский

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Recent Advances in Natural Polyphenol Research

Molecules, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 27(24), P. 8777 - 8777

Published: Dec. 11, 2022

Polyphenols are secondary metabolites produced by plants, which contribute to the plant’s defense against abiotic stress conditions (e.g., UV radiation and precipitation), aggression of herbivores, plant pathogens. Epidemiological studies suggest that long-term consumption polyphenols protects cardiovascular disease, cancer, osteoporosis, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases. Their structural diversity has fascinated confronted analytical chemists on how carry out unambiguous identification, exhaustive recovery from plants organic waste, define their nutritional biological potential. The food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical industries employ fruits vegetables produce additives, additional foods, supplements. In some cases, nanocarriers have been used protect during food processing, solve issues related low water solubility, transport them site action, improve bioavailability. This review summarizes structure-bioactivity relationships, processing parameters impact polyphenol stability bioavailability, research progress in nanocarrier delivery, most innovative methodologies for agri-waste materials.

Language: Английский

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Polyphenols as Inhibitors of Antibiotic Resistant Bacteria—Mechanisms Underlying Rutin Interference with Bacterial Virulence

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 385 - 385

Published: March 21, 2022

The rising incidence of antibiotic resistant microorganisms urges novel antimicrobials development with polyphenols as appealing potential therapeutics. We aimed to reveal the most promising among hesperetin, hesperidin, naringenin, naringin, taxifolin, rutin, isoquercitrin, morin, chlorogenic acid, ferulic p-coumaric and gallic acid based on antimicrobial capacity, antibiofilm potential, lack cytotoxicity towards HaCaT, further test its antivirulence mechanisms. Although majority studied were able inhibit bacterial growth biofilm formation, activities observed for rutin. Further investigation proved rutin's ability prevent/eradicate Pseudomonas aeruginosa MRSA urinary catheter biofilms. Besides reduction biomass, rutin mechanisms included cell viability, exopolysaccharide, extracellular DNA levels. Moderate adhesion human keratinocytes upon treatment was observed. Rutin an impact P. protease, pyocyanin, rhamnolipid, elastase production downregulation lasI, lasR, rhlI, rhlR, pqsA mvfR genes. also interfered membrane permeability. Polyphenols could repress bacteria. has shown wide capacity employing a range that might be used antimicrobials.

Language: Английский

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Modulation of redox-sensitive transcription factors with polyphenols as pathogenetically grounded approach in therapy of systemic inflammatory response

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(5), P. e15551 - e15551

Published: April 16, 2023

One of the adverse outcomes acute inflammatory response is progressing to chronic stage or transforming into an aggressive process, which can develop rapidly and result in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. The leading role this process played by Systemic Inflammatory Response that accompanied production pro- anti-inflammatory cytokines, phase proteins, reactive oxygen nitrogen species.The purpose review highlights both recent reports results authors' own research encourage scientists new approaches differentiated therapy various SIR manifestations (low- high-grade systemic phenotypes) modulating redox-sensitive transcription factors with polyphenols evaluate saturation pharmaceutical market appropriate dosage forms tailored for targeted delivery these compounds.Redox-sensitive such as NFκB, STAT3, AP1 Nrf2 have a mechanisms formation low- phenotypes variants SIR. These phenotypic underlie pathogenesis most dangerous diseases internal organs, endocrine nervous systems, surgical pathologies, post-traumatic disorders.The use individual chemical compounds class polyphenols, their combinations be effective technology Administering natural oral very beneficial management number low-grade phenotype. associated phenotype requires medicinal phenol preparations manufactured parenteral administration.

Language: Английский

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Current Understanding of Polyphenols to Enhance Bioavailability for Better Therapies

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(7), P. 2078 - 2078

Published: July 24, 2023

In recent years, plant polyphenols have become a popular focus for the development of novel functional foods. Polyphenols, class bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, phenolic acids, and lignans, are commonly found in plant-based diets with variety biological actions, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer effects. Unfortunately, not widely used nutraceuticals since many chemicals possess poor oral bioavailability. Thankfully, can be encapsulated transported using bio-based nanocarriers, thereby increasing their Polyphenols' limited water solubility low bioavailability limiting factors practical usage, but this issue resolved if suitable delivery vehicles developed encapsulating delivering polyphenolic compounds. This paper provides an overview study nanocarriers enhancement polyphenol bioavailability, as well summary health advantages prevention treatment several diseases.

Language: Английский

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Current Understanding of Flavonoids in Cancer Therapy and Prevention

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 481 - 481

Published: March 27, 2023

Cancer is a major cause of death worldwide, with multiple pathophysiological manifestations. In particular, genetic abnormalities, inflammation, bad eating habits, radiation exposure, work stress, and toxin consumption have been linked to cancer disease development progression. Recently, natural bioactive chemicals known as polyphenols found in plants were shown anticancer capabilities, destroying altered or malignant cells without harming normal cells. Flavonoids demonstrated antioxidant, antiviral, anticancer, anti-inflammatory effects. Flavonoid type, bioavailability, possible method action determine these biological actions. These low-cost pharmaceutical components significant activities are beneficial for several chronic disorders, including cancer. Recent research has focused primarily on isolating, synthesizing, studying the effects flavonoids human health. Here we attempted summarize our current knowledge flavonoids, focusing their mode better understand

Language: Английский

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The anticancer mechanism of action of selected polyphenols in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC)

Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 165, P. 115170 - 115170

Published: July 21, 2023

Breast cancer is a leadingcause of cancer-related deaths in women globally, with triple-negative breast (TNBC) being an aggressive subtype that lacks targeted therapies and associated poor prognosis. Polyphenols, naturally occurring compounds plants, have been investigated as potential therapeutic strategy for TNBC. This review provides overview the anticancer effects polyphenols TNBC their mechanisms action. Several polyphenols, including resveratrol, quercetin, kaempferol, genistein, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, apigenin, fisetin, hesperetin luteolin, shown to inhibit cell proliferation, induce cycle arrest, promote apoptosis, suppress migration/invasion preclinical models. The molecular underlying involve modulation several signalling pathways, such PI3K/Akt, MAPK, STATT, NF-κB pathways. Polyphenols also exhibit synergistic chemotherapy drugs, making them promising candidates combination therapy. highlights clinical trials investigating use individually or therapy, against cancer. deepens under-standing mechanism action respective valuable insights into TNBC, lays groundwork future research this area.

Language: Английский

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Health-Improving Effects of Polyphenols on the Human Intestinal Microbiota: A Review

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(3), P. 1335 - 1335

Published: Feb. 5, 2025

Dietary polyphenols are garnering attention in the scientific community due to their potential health-beneficial properties and preventative effects against chronic diseases, viz. cardiovascular diabetes, obesity, neurodegenerative diseases. Polyphenols antioxidants that change microbial composition by suppressing pathogenic bacteria stimulating beneficial bacteria. The interaction of with dietary fibers affects bioaccessibility upper lower parts digestive tract. fibers, polyphenols, conjugates, metabolites modulate microbiome population diversity. Consuming polyphenol-rich such as pomegranate, cranberry, berries, tea improves gut health. A complex relationship exists between diets microbiota for functioning human In this review, we provide an overview interactions microbiota, improving understanding functional polyphenols.

Language: Английский

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Role of AHR Ligands in Skin Homeostasis and Cutaneous Inflammation

Cells, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(11), P. 3176 - 3176

Published: Nov. 15, 2021

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is an important regulator of skin barrier function. It also controls immune-mediated responses. The AHR modulates various physiological functions by acting as a sensor that mediates environment–cell interactions, particularly during immune and inflammatory Diverse experimental systems have been used to assess the AHR’s role in inflammation, including vitro assays keratinocyte stimulation murine models psoriasis atopic dermatitis. Similar approaches addressed ligands, e.g., TCDD, FICZ, microbiota-derived metabolites, homeostasis pathology. Tapinarof novel AHR-modulating agent inhibits inflammation enhances topical application tapinarof being evaluated clinical trials treat In present review, we summarize effects natural synthetic ligands keratinocytes cells, their relevance normal cutaneous diseases.

Language: Английский

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