Biocompatibility assessment of biomaterials used in orthopedic devices: An overview (Review)

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(5)

Published: Sept. 17, 2021

Biocompatibility is one of the mandatory requirements for clinical use biomaterials in orthopedics. It refers to ability a biomaterial perform its function without eliciting toxic or injurious effects on biological systems but producing an appropriate host response specific case. Today, biocompatibility concept includes not only bio‑inertia, also biofunctionality and biostability. High functional properties are highly desirable new biomaterials. The chemical, mechanical, structural biomaterials, their interaction with environment even methodology assessment can influence biocompatibility. evaluation broad spectrum in vitro vivo tests related cytocompatibility, genotoxicity, sensitization, irritation, acute chronic toxicity, hemocompatibility, reproductive developmental toxicitity, carcinogenicity, implantation degradation as specified different international standards. A brief review main assays used testing orthopedic presented. In addition, issues overviewed.

Language: Английский

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Nanotechnology in healthcare, and its safety and environmental risks

Journal of Nanobiotechnology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 22(1)

Published: Nov. 15, 2024

Abstract Nanotechnology holds immense promise in revolutionising healthcare, offering unprecedented opportunities diagnostics, drug delivery, cancer therapy, and combating infectious diseases. This review explores the multifaceted landscape of nanotechnology healthcare while addressing critical aspects safety environmental risks associated with its widespread application. Beginning an introduction to integration we first delved into categorisation various materials employed, setting stage for a comprehensive understanding potential. We then proceeded elucidate diverse applications nanotechnology, spanning medical tissue engineering, targeted gene development antimicrobial agents. The discussion extended current situation surrounding clinical translation commercialisation these cutting-edge technologies, focusing on nanotechnology-based products that have been approved globally date. also discussed considerations nanomaterials, both terms human health impact. presented vivo nanomaterial exposure, relation transport mechanisms, oxidative stress, physical interactions. Moreover, highlighted risks, acknowledging potential implications ecosystems biodiversity. Lastly, strived offer insights regulatory governing across different regions globally. By synthesising perspectives, underscore imperative balancing innovation stewardship, charting path forward responsible healthcare. Graphical abstract

Language: Английский

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Detection of Oxidative Stress Induced by Nanomaterials in Cells—The Roles of Reactive Oxygen Species and Glutathione

Molecules, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 26(16), P. 4710 - 4710

Published: Aug. 4, 2021

The potential of nanomaterials use is huge, especially in fields such as medicine or industry. Due to widespread nanomaterials, their cytotoxicity and involvement cellular pathways ought be evaluated detail. Nanomaterials can induce the production a number substances cells, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), participating physiological pathological processes. These highly include: superoxide, singlet oxygen, hydroxyl radical, hydrogen peroxide. For overall assessment, there are fluorescent probes particular that very specific selective for given ROS. In addition, due ROS signaling pathways, understanding principle induced by important. defense, cells have reparative antioxidant mechanisms. One most potent antioxidants tripeptide glutathione. Thus, glutathione depletion characteristic manifestation harmful effects caused prooxidative-acting cells. these reasons, here we would like provide review on current knowledge ROS-mediated nanotoxicity manifesting depletion, an overview approaches detection levels

Language: Английский

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Experimental and Computational Nanotoxicology—Complementary Approaches for Nanomaterial Hazard Assessment

Nanomaterials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(8), P. 1346 - 1346

Published: April 14, 2022

The growing development and applications of nanomaterials lead to an increasing release these materials in the environment. adverse effects they may elicit on ecosystems or human health are not always fully characterized. Such potential toxicity must be carefully assessed with underlying mechanisms elucidated. To that purpose, different approaches can used. First, experimental toxicology consisting conducting vitro vivo experiments (including clinical studies) used evaluate nanomaterial hazard. It rely variable models (more less complex), allowing investigation biological endpoints. respective advantages limitations discussed as well some issues associated nanotoxicology. Perspectives future developments field also proposed. Second, computational nanotoxicology, i.e., silico approaches, predict toxicity. In this context, we describe general principles, advantages, especially quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) grouping/read-across approaches. aim review is provide overview based examples highlight their complementarity.

Language: Английский

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Replacement of animal testing by integrated approaches to testing and assessment (IATA): a call for in vivitrosi

Archives of Toxicology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 96(7), P. 1935 - 1950

Published: May 3, 2022

Abstract Alternative methods to animal use in toxicology are evolving with new advanced tools and multilevel approaches, answer from one side 3Rs requirements, on the other offering relevant valid tests for drugs chemicals, considering also their combination test strategies, a proper risk assessment. While stand-alone methods, have demonstrated be applicable some specific toxicological predictions limitations, strategy application of New Approach Methods (NAM), solve complex endpoints is addressed by Integrated Approaches Testing Assessment (IATA), aka Strategies (ITS) or Defined (DA). The central challenge evidence integration shared needs assessment systematic reviews an evidence-based Toxicology. Increasingly, machine learning (aka Artificial Intelligence, AI) lends itself integrate diverse streams. In this article, we give overview state art alternative IATA regulatory various hazards, outlining future orientation perspectives. We call leveraging synergies integrated approaches vivo, vitro silico as true vivitrosi.

Language: Английский

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Do cytotoxicity and cell death cause false positive results in the in vitro comet assay?

Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 881, P. 503520 - 503520

Published: June 23, 2022

The comet assay is used to measure DNA damage induced by chemical and physical agents. High concentrations of test agents may cause cytotoxicity or cell death, which give rise false positive results in the assay. Systematic studies on genotoxins cytotoxins (i.e. non-genotoxic poisons) have attempted establish a threshold death measured could be regarded as result. Thresholds cytotoxicity/cell range from 20% 50% various publications. Curiously, survey latest literature culture suggests that one-third publications did not assess death. We recommend it should mandatory include at least one type cytotoxicity, proliferation results. A combination (or death) colony forming efficiency assay) preferable actively proliferating cells because covers more mechanisms action. Applying general all types applicable; however, 25% compared concurrent negative control seems good starting value avoid Further research needed distinguish between true potentially genotoxic effects detected

Language: Английский

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Innovation applications of MXenes in biomedicine

Materials Today Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 40, P. 109929 - 109929

Published: July 23, 2024

Language: Английский

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Interaction of nanoparticles and reactive oxygen species and their impact on macromolecules and plant production

Plant Nano Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 100105 - 100105

Published: Oct. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

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Zinc oxide nanoparticles exhibit anti-cancer activity against human cell lines

Journal of Molecular Structure, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 1305, P. 137723 - 137723

Published: Feb. 7, 2024

Language: Английский

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The State of the Art and Challenges of In Vitro Methods for Human Hazard Assessment of Nanomaterials in the Context of Safe-by-Design

Nanomaterials, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 472 - 472

Published: Jan. 24, 2023

The Safe-by-Design (SbD) concept aims to facilitate the development of safer materials/products, production, and use end-of-life by performing timely SbD interventions reduce hazard, exposure, or both. Early hazard screening is a crucial first step in this process. In review, for time, commonly used vitro assays are evaluated their suitability testing nanomaterials (NMs). goal identifying warnings early stages innovation. For purpose, should be simple, cost-effective, predictive, robust, compatible. several toxicological endpoints, there indications that able predict warnings. addition evaluation assays, review provides insights into effects choice cell type, exposure dispersion protocol, (in)accurate determination dose delivered cells on predictivity. Furthermore, compatibility with challenging advanced materials NMs released from nano-enabled products (NEPs) during lifecycle assessed, as these aspects testing. To conclude, complex joint efforts between innovators, scientists, regulators needed further improve

Language: Английский

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