Nanotechnology-Enabled Biosensors: A Review of Fundamentals, Design Principles, Materials, and Applications

Biosensors, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 40 - 40

Published: Dec. 27, 2022

Biosensors are modern engineering tools that can be widely used for various technological applications. In the recent past, biosensors have been in a broad application spectrum including industrial process control, military, environmental monitoring, health care, microbiology, and food quality control. also specifically monitoring pollution, detecting toxic elements’ presence, presence of bio-hazardous viruses or bacteria organic matter, biomolecule detection clinical diagnostics. Moreover, deep medical applications such as well-being chronic disease treatment, vitro examination studies screening infectious diseases early detection. The scope expanding use is very high owing to their inherent advantages ease use, scalability, simple manufacturing process. Biosensor technology more prevalent large-scale, low cost, enhanced field. Integration nanotechnology with has shown development path novel sensing mechanisms they enhance performance ability currently biosensors. Nanoscale dimensional integration promotes formulation rapid molecules along single biomolecules where evaluated analyzed critically. Nanomaterials nano-biosensors nanomaterials commonly include nanoparticles, nanowires, carbon nanotubes (CNTs), nanorods, quantum dots (QDs). possess color tunability, sensitivity, large surface area, carrier capacity, stability, thermal electrical conductivity. current review focuses on nanotechnology-enabled biosensors, fundamentals, architectural design. expands view materials fabricating probable

Language: Английский

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Nanoparticle and Nanostructure Synthesis and Controlled Growth Methods

Nanomaterials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(18), P. 3226 - 3226

Published: Sept. 16, 2022

Nanomaterials are materials with one or more nanoscale dimensions (internal external) (i.e., 1 to 100 nm). The nanomaterial shape, size, porosity, surface chemistry, and composition controlled at the nanoscale, this offers interesting properties compared bulk materials. This review describes how nanomaterials classified, their fabrication, functionalization techniques, growth-controlled mechanisms. First, history of is summarized then different classification methods, based on dimensionality (0–3D), (carbon, inorganic, organic, hybrids), origin (natural, incidental, engineered, bioinspired), crystal phase (single phase, multiphase), dispersion state (dispersed aggregated), presented. Then, synthesis methods discussed classified in function starting material (bottom-up top-down), reaction (gas, plasma, liquid, solid), nature dispersing forces (mechanical, physical, chemical, physicochemical, biological). Finally, challenges synthesizing for research commercial use highlighted.

Language: Английский

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Plant and Microbial Approaches as Green Methods for the Synthesis of Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Applications, and Future Perspectives

Molecules, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(1), P. 463 - 463

Published: Jan. 3, 2023

The unique biological and physicochemical characteristics of biogenic (green-synthesized) nanomaterials (NMs) have attracted significant interest in different fields, with applications the agrochemical, food, medication delivery, cosmetics, cellular imaging, biomedical industries. To synthesize nanomaterials, green synthesis techniques use microorganisms, plant extracts, or proteins as bio-capping bio-reducing agents their role bio-nanofactories for material at nanoscale size. Green chemistry is environmentally benign, biocompatible, nontoxic, economically effective. By taking into account findings from recent investigations, we shed light on most developments using types microbes plants. Additionally, cover green-synthesized food textile industries, water treatment, applications. Furthermore, discuss future perspectives to advance production

Language: Английский

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Fundamentals of bio-electrochemical sensing

Chemical Engineering Journal Advances, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16, P. 100516 - 100516

Published: June 7, 2023

The utilization of bio-functionalities such as biorecognition or catalysis derived them their name biosensors. Bio-electrochemical sensing is a new discipline that combines the advantages biological detection and electrochemical transduction. sensors are devices use materials enzymes, antibodies, DNA, cells receptors to detect target analytes in variety samples. Electrodes convert interactions into electrical impulses, which can be studied using various techniques. have demonstrated significant promise for clinical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, food safety, biotechnology. Biosensors received numerous applications recent years because they fast, simple, inexpensive practical applications. In this article, we cover basic principles, design strategies, immobilization regeneration techniques, along with bio-electrochemical sensors. Finally, article discusses rationale developing biosensors context bio-receptors applied.

Language: Английский

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Carbon-Based Stimuli-Responsive Nanomaterials: Classification and Application

Cyborg and Bionic Systems, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Carbon-based nanomaterials, including carbon nanotubes, nanospheres, and nanofibers, are becoming a research hotspot due to their unique structure good mechanical, thermal, electrical, optical, chemical properties. With the development of material synthesis technology, they can be functionalized used in various fields such as energy, environment, biomedicine. In particular, stimuli-responsive carbon-based nanomaterials have stood out recent years because smart behavior. Researchers applied different disease treatments based on stimulus-response this paper, nanomaterials' morphology, we categorize them into nanofibers according morphology. Then, applications probes, bioimaging, tumor therapy, other discussed. Finally, address advantages disadvantages discuss future perspective.

Language: Английский

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Green Synthesis of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles: A Review of the Principles and Biomedical Applications

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(20), P. 15397 - 15397

Published: Oct. 20, 2023

In recent years, interest in nanotechnology has increased exponentially due to enhanced progress and technological innovation. tissue engineering, the development of metallic nanoparticles been amplified, especially their antibacterial properties. Another important characteristic metal NPs is that they enable high control over features developed scaffolds (optimizing mechanical strength offering controlled release bioactive agents). Currently, main concern related method synthesis oxide environmental impact. The physical chemical uses toxic agents could generate hazards or exert carcinogenicity/environmental toxicity. Therefore, a greener, cleaner, more reliable approach needed. Green synthetic come as solution counter aforementioned limitations. Nowadays, green preferred because it leads prevention/minimization waste, reduction derivatives/pollution, use non-toxic (safer) solvents. This not only biomass sources reducing for salts. biomolecules also cover synthesized act situ capping agents. Further, involvement formation process reduces toxicity, prevents nanoparticle agglomeration, improves antimicrobial activity nanomaterial, leading possible synergistic effect. study aims provide comprehensive review nanoparticles, from routes, selected solvents, parameters latest application biomedical field.

Language: Английский

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Promising Therapeutic Strategies for Colorectal Cancer Treatment Based on Nanomaterials

Pharmaceutics, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(6), P. 1213 - 1213

Published: June 7, 2022

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a global health problem responsible for 10% of all incidences and 9.4% deaths worldwide. The number new cases increases per annum, whereas the lack effective therapies highlights need novel therapeutic approaches. Conventional treatment methods, such as surgery, chemotherapy radiotherapy, are widely applied in oncology practice. Their success little, therefore, search technologies ongoing. Many efforts have focused recently on development safe efficient nanomedicines. Nanoparticles among them. They uniquewith their properties nanoscale hold potential to exploit intrinsic metabolic differences between healthy cells. This feature allows them induce high levels toxicity cells with little damage surrounding tissues. Graphene oxide promising 2D material found play an important role treatments through several strategies: direct killing chemosensitization, drug gene delivery, phototherapy. Several approaches based nanoparticles, particularly graphene oxide, currently under research clinical trials, some already been approved. Here, we provide update recent advances nanomaterials-based CRC-targeted therapy, special attention nanomaterials. We summarise epidemiology, carcinogenesis, stages CRCs, current its treatment.

Language: Английский

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Polysaccharides and Metal Nanoparticles for Functional Textiles: A Review

Nanomaterials, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(6), P. 1006 - 1006

Published: March 18, 2022

Nanotechnology is a powerful tool for engineering functional materials that has the potential to transform textiles into high-performance, value-added products. In recent years, there been considerable interest in development of using metal nanoparticles (MNPs). The incorporation MNPs allows obtention multifunctional properties, such as ultraviolet (UV) protection, self-cleaning, and electrical conductivity, well antimicrobial, antistatic, antiwrinkle, flame retardant without compromising inherent characteristics textile. Environmental sustainability also one main motivations innovation textile industry. Thus, synthesis ecofriendly sources, polysaccharides, high importance. functions polysaccharides these processes are reduction stabilization MNPs, adhesion onto fabrics. This review covers major research attempts obtain with different properties MNPs. reported include chitosan, alginate, starch, cyclodextrins, cellulose, silver, zinc, copper, titanium being most explored applications functionalized reported, they healthcare (wound dressing, drug release), protection (antimicrobial activity, UV retardant), environmental remediation (catalysts).

Language: Английский

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Sustainable Biodegradable Biopolymer-Based Nanoparticles for Healthcare Applications

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(4), P. 3188 - 3188

Published: Feb. 6, 2023

Biopolymeric nanoparticles are gaining importance as nanocarriers for various biomedical applications, enabling long-term and controlled release at the target site. Since they promising delivery systems therapeutic agents offer advantageous properties such biodegradability, biocompatibility, non-toxicity, stability compared to toxic metal nanoparticles, we decided provide an overview on this topic. Therefore, review focuses use of biopolymeric animal, plant, algal, fungal, bacterial origin a sustainable material potential drug systems. A particular focus is encapsulation many different categorized bioactive compounds, drugs, antibiotics, other antimicrobial agents, extracts, essential oils into protein- polysaccharide-based nanocarriers. These show benefits human health, especially successful anticancer activity. The article, divided protein-based further according biopolymer, enables reader select appropriate more easily incorporation desired component. latest research results from last five years in field production loaded with healthcare applications included review.

Language: Английский

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Nanofibers: A current era in drug delivery system

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(9), P. e18917 - e18917

Published: Aug. 9, 2023

Nanofibers have a large area of surface variable 3D topography, porosity, and adaptable functions. Several researchers are researching nanofiber technology as potential solution to the current problems in several fields. It manages cardiovascular disorders, infectious diseases, gastrointestinal tract-associated neurodegenerative pain treatment, contraception, wound healing. The nanofibers fabricated using various fabrication techniques, such electrospinning, phase separation, physical Fabrication, chemical fabrication. Depending on their intended use, manufactured variety polymers. comprises natural polymers, semi-synthetic synthetic metals, metal oxides, ceramics, carbon, nonporous materials, mesoporous hollow structures, core-shell biocomponents, multi-component materials. Nanofiber composites good alternative for targeted gene delivery, protein peptide growth factor delivery. Thus, huge drug which enables them be used applications can revolutionize these therapeutic areas. This review systematically studied nanofibers' history, advantages, disadvantages, types, polymers technology. Further, types preparation were summarised. Mainly article focuses method, i.e., electrospinning its types. Finally, discussed recent advancements nanofabrication

Language: Английский

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