The microbiome–gut–brain axis in Parkinson disease — from basic research to the clinic

Nature Reviews Neurology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 18(8), P. 476 - 495

Published: June 24, 2022

Language: Английский

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Parkinson's Disease: A Multisystem Disorder

Neuroscience Bulletin, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 39(1), P. 113 - 124

Published: Aug. 22, 2022

Language: Английский

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Neurodegenerative and Neurodevelopmental Diseases and the Gut-Brain Axis: The Potential of Therapeutic Targeting of the Microbiome

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(11), P. 9577 - 9577

Published: May 31, 2023

The human gut microbiome contains the largest number of bacteria in body and has potential to greatly influence metabolism, not only locally but also systemically. There is an established link between a healthy, balanced, diverse overall health. When becomes unbalanced (dysbiosis) through dietary changes, medication use, lifestyle choices, environmental factors, ageing, this profound effect on our health linked many diseases, including metabolic inflammatory neurological diseases. While humans largely association dysbiosis with disease, animal models, causative can be demonstrated. brain particularly important maintaining health, strong neurodegenerative neurodevelopmental This suggests that microbiota composition used make early diagnosis diseases modifying microbiome-gut-brain axis might present therapeutic target for have proved intractable, aim altering trajectory such as Alzheimer's Parkinson's multiple sclerosis, autism spectrum disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity among others. other potentially reversible migraine, post-operative cognitive dysfunction, long COVID, which considered models therapy disease. role traditional methods microbiome, well newer, more novel treatments faecal transplants photobiomodulation, are discussed.

Language: Английский

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Global, regional, national epidemiology and trends of Parkinson’s disease from 1990 to 2021: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Jan. 10, 2025

In light of the escalating global incidence Parkinson's disease and dearth therapeutic interventions that can alter disease's course, there exists an urgent necessity to comprehensively elucidate quantify burden. This study analyzed incidence, prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) at global, regional, national levels based on Global Burden Disease Study 2021. Bayesian age-period cohort (BAPC) analysis was used predict burden in from 2022 2035. 2021, 11.77 million people worldwide had disease. Age-standardized rates DALYs increased 15.63/100,000, 138.63/100,000, 89.59/100,000. The were higher males than females, showed increase then a slight decrease with age. highest East Asia. BAPC projection all metrics by 2035 except for age-standardized rates. has risen over past 32 years, is need focus key populations, as well improve health policies prevent treat

Language: Английский

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Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Supplementation in Neurodegenerative Diseases: A Review of Human Studies

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 9(11), P. 1128 - 1128

Published: Nov. 13, 2020

Being characterized by progressive and severe damage in neuronal cells, neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) are the major cause of disability morbidity elderly, imposing a significant economic social burden. As components central nervous system, lipids play important roles neural health pathology. Disturbed lipid metabolism, particularly peroxidation (LPO), is associated with development many NDDs, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), all which show elevated levels LPO products LPO-modified proteins. Thus, inhibition oxidation might slow progression reduce severity NDD; natural antioxidants, such as polyphenols antioxidant vitamins, seem to be most promising agents. Here, we summarize current literature data that were derived from human studies on effect vitamins A, C, E supplementation patients AD, PD, ALS. Although these compounds may NDD, research gaps remain antioxidants ALS patients, indicates further applying different forms NDDs urgently needed.

Language: Английский

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Gut–Brain Axis as a Pathological and Therapeutic Target for Neurodegenerative Disorders

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(3), P. 1184 - 1184

Published: Jan. 21, 2022

Human lifestyle and dietary behaviors contribute to disease onset progression. Neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), considered multifactorial disorders, have been associated with changes in the gut microbiome. NDDs display pathologies that alter brain functions a tendency worsen over time. are worldwide health problem; US alone, 12 million Americans will suffer from by 2030. While etiology may vary, microbiome serves as key element underlying NDD development prognosis. In particular, an inflammation-associated plagues NDDs. Conversely, sequestration of this inflammatory correction dysbiotic state render therapeutic effects on To end, treatment short-chain fatty acid-producing bacteria, main metabolites responsible for maintaining homeostasis, ameliorates This intimate pathological link between suggests gut-brain axis (GBA) acts underexplored area developing therapies Traditionally, classification depends their clinical presentation, mostly manifesting extrapyramidal pyramidal movement neuropathological evaluation at autopsy gold standard diagnosis. review, we highlight evolving notion GBA stands equally sensitive marker NDDs, particularly Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's amyotrophic lateral sclerosis chronic stroke. Additionally, represents potent target treating

Language: Английский

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In Pursuit of Healthy Aging: Effects of Nutrition on Brain Function

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(9), P. 5026 - 5026

Published: May 10, 2021

Consuming a balanced, nutritious diet is important for maintaining health, especially as individuals age. Several studies suggest that consuming rich in antioxidants and anti-inflammatory components such those found fruits, nuts, vegetables, fish may reduce age-related cognitive decline the risk of developing various neurodegenerative diseases. Numerous have been published over last decade focusing on nutrition how this impacts health. The main objective current article to review data linking role with aging decline. Specifically, we discuss roles micronutrients macronutrients provide an overview gut microbiota-gut-brain axis impact brain function general processes particular during aging. We propose dietary interventions designed optimize levels macro maximize functioning can be therapeutic value improving functioning, particularly

Language: Английский

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A prebiotic diet modulates microglial states and motor deficits in α-synuclein overexpressing mice

eLife, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Nov. 8, 2022

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a movement disorder characterized by neuroinflammation, α-synuclein pathology, and neurodegeneration. Most cases of PD are non-hereditary, suggesting strong role for environmental factors, it has been speculated that may originate in peripheral tissues such as the gastrointestinal (GI) tract before affecting brain. The gut microbiome altered impact motor GI symptoms indicated animal studies, although mechanisms gut-brain interactions remain incompletely defined. Intestinal bacteria ferment dietary fibers into short-chain fatty acids, with fecal levels these molecules differing between healthy controls mouse models. Among other effects, microbial metabolites can modulate activation microglia, brain-resident immune cells implicated PD. We therefore investigated whether fiber-rich diet influences microglial function overexpressing (ASO) mice, preclinical model PD-like pathology. Feeding prebiotic high-fiber attenuates deficits reduces aggregation substantia nigra mice. Concomitantly, ASO mice adopts profile correlated health upon treatment, which also activation. Single-cell RNA-seq analysis microglia from striatum uncovers increased pro-inflammatory signaling reduced homeostatic responses compared to wild-type counterparts on standard diets. However, feeding reverses pathogenic states promotes expansion protective disease-associated macrophage (DAM) subsets microglia. Notably, depletion using CSF1R inhibitor eliminates beneficial effects prebiotics restoring despite diet. These studies uncover novel microglia-dependent interaction findings have implications neuroinflammation

Language: Английский

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The burden of Parkinson’s disease in the Middle East and North Africa region, 1990–2019: results from the global burden of disease study 2019

BMC Public Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 23(1)

Published: Jan. 16, 2023

Abstract Background Parkinson’s disease (PD) remains a common disabling progressive neurodegenerative disorder. We aimed to report the prevalence, death and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) attributable PD in Middle East North Africa (MENA) region its 21 countries by age, sex socio-demographic index (SDI), between 1990 2019. Methods Publicly available data on burden of MENA were retrieved from Global Burden Disease (GBD) 2019 project. The results are presented with age-standardised numbers rates per 100,000 population, along their corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). Results In 2019, had an point prevalence 82.6 population rate 5.3, which have increased 15.4% 2.3%, respectively. DALY was 84.4, 0.9% higher than 1990. highest lowest found Qatar Kuwait, Also number prevalent cases DALYs 75–79 age group for both sexes. females overall rate. Furthermore, generally decreased increasing socio-economic development, up SDI around 0.4, then levels SDI. Conclusion An upward trend observed over last three decades. This highlights need allocate more resources research. properly equipped healthcare services needed patients PD.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Intestinal Microbiota and Diet as Modulating Factors in the Course of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s Diseases

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(2), P. 308 - 308

Published: Jan. 19, 2024

Many researchers propose manipulating microbiota to prevent and treat related diseases. The brain-gut axis is an object that remains the target of modern research, it not without reason many enrich with diet in its name. Numerous connections mutual correlations have become basis for seeking answers questions pathology as well human physiology. Disorders this homeostasis dysbiosis itself accompany neurodegenerative diseases such Alzheimer's Parkinson's. Heavily dependent on external factors, modulation gut microbiome represents opportunity advance treatment Probiotic interventions, synbiotic or fecal transplantation can undoubtedly support biotherapeutic process. A special role played by diet, which provides metabolites directly affect body microbiota. holistic view organism therefore essential.

Language: Английский

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