Diet and the Microbiota–Gut–Brain Axis: Sowing the Seeds of Good Mental Health

Advances in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 1239 - 1285

Published: Dec. 22, 2020

Language: Английский

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Where to Look into the Puzzle of Polyphenols and Health? The Postbiotics and Gut Microbiota Associated with Human Metabotypes

Molecular Nutrition & Food Research, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 64(9)

Published: March 20, 2020

Abstract The full consensus on the role of dietary polyphenols as human‐health‐promoting compounds remains elusive. two‐way interaction between and gut microbiota (GM) (i.e., modulation GM by their catabolism GM) is determinant in polyphenols’ effects. identification human metabotypes associated with a differential microbial metabolism has opened new research scenarios to explain inter‐individual variability upon consumption. unequivocally identified so far are those involved isoflavones (equol and(or) O ‐desmethylangolesin producers versus non‐producers) ellagic acid (urolithin metabotypes, including only urolithin‐A (UM‐A), urolithin‐A, isourolithin‐A, urolithin‐B (UM‐B), non‐producers (UM‐0)). In addition, metabolites (phenolic‐derived postbiotics) such equol, urolithins, valerolactones, enterolactone, enterodiol, 8‐prenylnaringenin, among others, can exert health knowledge updated position taken here i) polyphenols, ii) evidence phenolic‐derived postbiotics health, iii) biomarkers clustering individuals depending (metabotyping) effects, iv) catecholamines illustrate intersection personalized nutrition precision medicine.

Language: Английский

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Prebiotic effect of dietary polyphenols: A systematic review

Journal of Functional Foods, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 74, P. 104169 - 104169

Published: Sept. 21, 2020

Prebiotics are substrates selectively metabolized by hindgut microorganisms conferring health benefits. Recent studies suggest polyphenols as candidate to prebiotics. Thus, this systematic review aimed investigate the prebiotic effect of dietary in preclinical and clinical studies. Animal demonstrated that consumption polyphenols, especially catechins, anthocyanins proanthocyanidins, increases abundance Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Akkermansia, Roseburia, Faecalibacterium spp. Moreover, supplementation increased production short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), including butyrate. The included trials showed an Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacterium spp., a reduction plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein after ellagic acid. In conclusion, there is strong evidence can stimulate both growth identified targets increase SCFA. Therefore, warranted on humans.

Language: Английский

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Current Perspectives on the Beneficial Effects of Soybean Isoflavones and Their Metabolites for Humans

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(7), P. 1064 - 1064

Published: June 30, 2021

Soybeans are rich in proteins and lipids have become a staple part of the human diet. Besides their nutritional excellence, they also been shown to contain various functional components, including isoflavones, consequently received increasing attention as food item. Isoflavones structurally similar 17-β-estradiol bind estrogen receptors (ERα ERβ). The estrogenic activity isoflavones ranges from hundredth thousandth that itself. play role regulating effects body, depending on situation. Thus, when is insufficient, perform functions estrogen, excessive, block which binds, thus acting an antagonist. In particular, antagonistic important breast, endometrium, prostate, such suppresses cancer occurrence. Genistein, isoflavone, has cancer-suppressing receptor-positive (ER+) cancers, breast cancer. It function enzymes tyrosine protein kinase, mitogen-activated DNA polymerase II, inhibiting cell proliferation inducing apoptosis. Genistein most biologically active potent isoflavone candidate for prevention. Furthermore, among physiological best known antioxidant activities. S-Equol, metabolite genistein daidzein, strong antioxidative effects; however, ability metabolize daidzein into S-equol varies based racial individual differences. may be effective preventing dementia by phosphorylation Alzheimer's-related tau proteins. reduces allergic responses limiting expression mast IgE receptors, involved responses. addition, prevent treat diseases, cardiovascular metabolic syndromes, osteoporosis, diabetes, brain-related high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, obesity, inflammation. Further, it positive menstrual irregularity non-menopausal women relieving menopausal symptoms middle-aged women. Recently, soybean consumption steep trend Western countries where intake was previously only 1/20-1/50 Asian countries. this review, I dealt with latest research trends substantial interest biological efficacy humans plants, related mechanisms.

Language: Английский

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Dietary Polyphenol, Gut Microbiota, and Health Benefits

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(6), P. 1212 - 1212

Published: June 20, 2022

Polyphenols, which are probably the most important secondary metabolites produced by plants, have attracted tremendous attention due to their health-promoting effects, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anti-adipogenic, and neuro-protective activities, as well health properties. However, complicated structures high molecular weights, a large proportion of dietary polyphenols remain unabsorbed along gastrointestinal tract, while in intestine they biotransformed into bioactive, low-molecular-weight phenolic through residing gut microbiota. Dietary can modulate composition intestinal microbes, turn, microbes catabolize release bioactive metabolites. To better investigate benefits polyphenols, this review provides summary modulation vitro vivo evidence (animal models humans), possible actions barrier function microbes. This aims provide basis for understanding relationship between microbiota, host health.

Language: Английский

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Polyphenols as Plant-Based Nutraceuticals: Health Effects, Encapsulation, Nano-Delivery, and Application

Foods, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(15), P. 2189 - 2189

Published: July 23, 2022

Plant polyphenols have attracted considerable attention because of their key roles in preventing many diseases, including high blood sugar, cholesterol, and cancer. A variety functional foods been designed developed with plant as the main active ingredients. Polyphenols mainly come from vegetables fruits can generally be divided according to structure into flavonoids, astragalus, phenolic acids, lignans. are a group plant-derived food ingredients different molecular structures various biological activities antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer properties. However, polyphenolic compounds low oral bioavailability, which limits application nutraceuticals. Fortunately, green bio-based nanocarriers well suited for encapsulating, protecting, delivering polyphenols, thereby improving bioavailability. In this paper, health benefits prevention diseases summarized, review research progress improvement bioavailability polyphenols. great potential formulations nutrition products. future, development food-grade delivery carriers encapsulation could solve limitations poor water solubility practical applications.

Language: Английский

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Therapeutic Potential of Isoflavones with an Emphasis on Daidzein

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2021(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

Daidzein is a phytoestrogen isoflavone found in soybeans and other legumes. The chemical composition of daidzein analogous to mammalian estrogens, it could be useful with dual‐directional purpose by substituting/hindering estrogen receptor (ER) complex. Hence, puts forth shielding effects against great number diseases, especially those associated the control estrogen, such as breast cancer, diabetes, osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease. However, also has ER‐independent biological activities, oxidative damage reduction acting an antioxidant, immune regulator anti‐inflammatory agent, apoptosis regulation, directly linked its potential anticancer effects. In this sense, present review aimed at providing deepen analysis pharmacodynamics implications human health, from best‐known alleviating postmenopausal symptoms antiaging properties.

Language: Английский

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Postbiotics as the new frontier in food and pharmaceutical research

Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 63(26), P. 8375 - 8402

Published: March 29, 2022

Food is the essential need of human life and has nutrients that support growth health. Gastrointestinal tract microbiota involves valuable microorganisms develop therapeutic effects are characterized as probiotics. The investigations on appropriate probiotic strains have led to characterization specific metabolic byproducts probiotics named postbiotics. must maintain their survival against inappropriate lethal conditions processing, storage, distribution, preparation, digestion system so they can exhibit most health effects. Conversely, metabolites (postbiotics) successfully overcome these unfavorable may be an alternative Due chemical structure, safe profile, long shelf-life, fact contain various signaling molecules, postbiotics anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antihypertensive properties, inhibiting abnormal cell proliferation antioxidative activities. Consequently, present scientific literature approves mimic fundamental clinical role probiotics, due unique characteristics, applied in oral delivery (pharmaceutical/functional foods), a preharvest food safety hurdle, promote shelf-life products novel functional foods or/and for developing benefits, aims. This review addresses latest postbiotic applications with regard pharmaceutical formulations commercial food-based products. Potential promotion host status, prevention disease, complementary treatment also reviewed.

Language: Английский

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Interaction between gut microbiota and sex hormones and their relation to sexual dimorphism in metabolic diseases

Biology of Sex Differences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Feb. 7, 2023

Metabolic diseases, such as obesity, metabolic syndrome (MetS) and type 2 diabetes (T2D), are now a widespread pandemic in the developed world. These pathologies show sex differences their development prevalence, steroids, mainly estrogen testosterone, thought to play prominent role this sexual dimorphism. The influence of hormones on these is not only reflected between men women, but also women themselves, depending hormonal changes associated with menopause. observed gut microbiota composition have led multiple studies highlighting interaction steroid its ultimately pointing new therapy for diseases based manipulation microbiota. This review aims shed light prevalence focusing MetS T2D. We focus microbiota, particular aspects barrier integrity, inflammatory status, gut-brain axis, given relevance factors diseases.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbial beta-glucuronidase: a vital regulator in female estrogen metabolism

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Aug. 9, 2023

A growing amount of evidence has supported that gut microbiota plays a vital role in the reproductive endocrine system throughout woman's whole life, and microbial β-glucuronidase (gmGUS) is key factor regulating host estrogen metabolism. Moreover, levels also influence composition as well diversity microbiota. In normal condition, gmGUS-estrogen crosstalk maintains body homeostasis physiological level. Once this broken, metabolism will be disturbed, resulting estrogen-related diseases, such gynecological cancers, menopausal syndrome, etc. together with dysbiosis, which may accelerate these pathological processes. review, we highlight regulatory gmGUS on physical summarize present interaction between metabolism, unwrap potential mechanisms behind them. Finally, become biomarker for early diagnosis estrogen-induced diseases. Regulating activity or transplanting gmGUS-producing microbes shows promise treating

Language: Английский

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