European Guidelines for Obesity Management in Adults with a Very Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diet: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Obesity Facts, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 222 - 245

Published: Jan. 1, 2021

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The very low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) has been recently proposed as an appealing nutritional strategy for obesity management. VLCKD is characterized by a low carbohydrate content (&#x3c;50 g/day), 1–1.5 g of protein/kg ideal body weight, 15–30 fat/day, and daily intake about 500–800 calories. <b><i>Objectives:</i></b> aim the current document to suggest common protocol summarize existing literature on its efficacy in weight management weight-related comorbidities, well possible side effects. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This prepared adherence with Preferred Reporting Items Systematic Review Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Literature searches, study selection, methodology development, quality appraisal were performed independently 2 authors data collated means meta-analysis narrative synthesis. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Of 645 articles retrieved, 15 studies met inclusion criteria reviewed, revealing 4 main findings. First, was shown result significant loss short, intermediate, long terms improvement composition parameters glycemic lipid profiles. Second, when compared other interventions same duration, showed major effect reduction fat mass, waist circumference, total cholesterol triglyceridemia improved insulin resistance. Third, although also resulted glycemia, HbA1c, LDL cholesterol, these changes similar those obtained interventions. Finally, can be considered safe approach under health professional’s supervision since most effects are usually clinically mild easily manage recovery often spontaneous. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> recommended effective dietary treatment individuals after considering potential contra-indications keeping mind that any personalized. <b><i>Prospero Registry:</i></b> assessment composition, overweight obese subjects: (CRD42020205189).

Language: Английский

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Beneficial effects of the ketogenic diet on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A comprehensive review of the literature

Obesity Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(8)

Published: March 24, 2020

Summary Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a major cause of chronic disease, characterized by hepatic fat accumulation and possible development inflammation, fibrosis, cancer. The ketogenic diet (KD), with its drastic carbohydrate reduction, now popular weight loss intervention, despite safety concerns on association liver. However, KDs were also reported to be beneficial pathology, ketone bodies recently proposed as effective modulators inflammation fibrosis. If the impact NAFLD established, less known effect macronutrient distribution such outcome. In hypocaloric regimen, latter seems not crucial, whereas at higher calorie intake, ratio and, theoretically, ketosis, may become important. could positively for their very low content, whether ketosis plays an additional role unknown. Indeed, several mechanisms directly link improvement, elucidating these aspects would pave way new therapeutic strategies. We herein aimed providing accurate revision current literature NAFLD, focusing clinical evidence, metabolic pathways involved, strict categorization dietary interventions.

Language: Английский

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Obesity and aging: Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic approaches

Ageing Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 67, P. 101268 - 101268

Published: Feb. 6, 2021

Language: Английский

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Examining the Efficacy of a Very-Low-Carbohydrate Ketogenic Diet on Cardiovascular Health in Adults with Mildly Elevated Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in an Open-Label Pilot Study

Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 20(2), P. 94 - 103

Published: Dec. 17, 2021

Background: The objective of this open-label pilot study was to investigate the efficacy a very-low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet (VLCKD), known as Nic's Ketogenic Diet, for 140 days on cardiometabolic markers in healthy adults with mildly elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C). Methods: Study assessments were conducted at Day 0, 28, 56, 70, 84, 112, and 140, weight blood pressure (BP) measured fasting collected analysis plasma lipids. A DEXA scan performed body mass index recorded 140. Blood glucose, inflammatory, thyroid 0 Compliance assessed using weekly 3-day food records daily glucose ketone monitoring. Results: results showed that fat percentage decreased by 2.25% 4.41% 70 respectively (P ≤ 0.012). Significant reductions android, gynoid, android/gynoid ratio increases muscle occurred Total cholesterol, LDL-C, high-density increased systolic BP glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) < 0.05). Following VLCKD found be safe well tolerated. Conclusion: beneficial changes composition eutrophic overweight participants 140-day suggesting future role populations cardiovascular disease risk. Future research larger sample size randomized double blind clinical trial is warranted confirm these results. Clinical Trial Registration number: NCT04195594.

Language: Английский

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The Potential Health Benefits of the Ketogenic Diet: A Narrative Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. 1654 - 1654

Published: May 13, 2021

Considering the lack of a comprehensive, multi-faceted overview ketogenic diet (KD) in relation to health issues, we compiled evidence related use its impact on microbiome, epigenome, diabetes, weight loss, cardiovascular health, and cancer. The KD could potentially increase genetic diversity microbiome ratio Bacteroidetes Firmicutes. epigenome might be positively affected by since it creates signaling molecule known as β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB). has helped patients with diabetes reduce their HbA1c need for insulin. There is suggest that can help visceral adiposity, appetite control. also suggests eating high-fat improves lipid profiles lowering low-density lipoprotein (LDL), increasing high-density (HDL), triglycerides (TG). Due Warburg effect, used an adjuvant treatment starve cancer cells, making them more vulnerable chemotherapy radiation. potential positive impacts each these areas warrant further analysis, improved studies, well-designed randomized controlled trials illuminate therapeutic possibilities provided this dietary intervention.

Language: Английский

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Obesity and chronic kidney disease

AJP Endocrinology and Metabolism, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 324(1), P. E24 - E41

Published: Nov. 16, 2022

The prevalence of obesity has increased dramatically during the past decades, which been a major health problem. Since 1975, number people with worldwide nearly tripled. An increasing studies find as driver chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression, and mechanisms are complex include hemodynamic changes, inflammation, oxidative stress, activation renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Obesity-related is characterized by glomerulomegaly, often accompanied localized segmental glomerulosclerosis lesions. In these patients, early symptoms atypical, microproteinuria being main clinical manifestation nephrotic syndrome rare. Weight loss RAAS blockers have protective effect on obesity-related CKD, but even so, significant proportion patients eventually progress to end-stage renal despite treatment. Thus, it critical comprehend underlying CKD create new tactics for slowing or stopping progression. this review, we summarize current knowledge disease, its pathological future perspectives

Language: Английский

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The Burden of Carbohydrates in Health and Disease

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(18), P. 3809 - 3809

Published: Sept. 15, 2022

Foods high in carbohydrates are an important part of a healthy diet, since they provide the body with glucose to support bodily functions and physical activity. However, abusive consumption refined, simple, low-quality has direct implication on mental pathophysiology. Then, carbohydrate is postulated as crucial factor development main Western diseases 21st century. We conducted this narrative critical review using MedLine (Pubmed), Cochrane (Wiley), Embase, CinAhl databases MeSH-compliant keywords: evolution, development, phylogenetic, GUT, microbiota, stress, metabolic health, behaviors, disease, cardiovascular anxiety, depression, cancer, chronic kidney failure, allergies, asthma order analyze impact health. Evidence suggests that carbohydrates, especially fiber, beneficial for well-being growth gut microorganisms consequently host symbiotic relationship, producing microbial alterations negative effect health different organic systems. In addition, evidence simple refined mood categories, including alertness tiredness, reinforcing vicious circle. Regarding sugar intake can affect prognosis uncontrolled puts individuals at risk developing syndrome subsequently disease.

Language: Английский

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Unlocking the potential: very-low-energy ketogenic therapy in obesity-related disorders

Food and Agricultural Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 36(1)

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

The Very Low-Energy Ketogenic Therapy (VLEKT) is a structured, multi-phase dietary regimen characterized by carbohydrate intake of less than 50 g/day and daily caloric fewer 800 kcal, which induces ketosis facilitates significant weight loss. Evidence suggests that this nutritional therapy can improve glycemic control, lipid profiles, blood pressure, making it promising option for managing type 2 diabetes (T2D) reducing cardiovascular risk. These benefits are achieved through reductions in triglycerides low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), alongside increases high-density (HDL-c). However, the effects VLEKT on metabolism remain controversial. review emphasizes urgent need further research to validate long-term safety efficacy VLEKT. It also highlights critical role personalized plans, supervised healthcare professionals, optimize health outcomes address individual patient needs.

Language: Английский

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Very-Low-Calorie Ketogenic Diets With Whey, Vegetable, or Animal Protein in Patients With Obesity: A Randomized Pilot Study

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 105(9), P. 2939 - 2949

Published: June 2, 2020

Abstract Context We compared the efficacy, safety, and effect of 45-day isocaloric very-low-calorie ketogenic diets (VLCKDs) incorporating whey, vegetable, or animal protein on microbiota in patients with obesity insulin resistance to test hypothesis that source may modulate response VLCKD interventions. Subjects Methods Forty-eight (19 males 29 females, homeostatic model assessment (HOMA) index ≥ 2.5, aged 56.2 ± 6.1 years, body mass [BMI] 35.9 4.1 kg/m2) were randomly assigned three regimens (≤800 kcal/day) containing plant, protein. Anthropometric indexes; blood urine chemistry, including parameters kidney, liver, glucose, lipid metabolism; composition; muscle strength; taxonomic composition gut microbiome assessed. Adverse events also recorded. Results Body weight, BMI, pressure, waist circumference, HOMA index, insulin, total low-density lipoprotein cholesterol decreased all patients. Patients who consumed whey had a more pronounced improvement strength. The markers renal function worsened slightly group. A decrease relative abundance Firmicutes an increase Bacteroidetes observed after consumption VLCKDs. This pattern was less consuming Conclusions VLCKDs led significant weight loss striking metabolic over period. based vegetable have safer profile result healthier than those proteins. are effective maintaining performance.

Language: Английский

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Scientific evidence underlying contraindications to the ketogenic diet: An update

Obesity Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 21(10)

Published: July 10, 2020

Summary First identified as a feasible treatment for intractable epilepsy, the ketogenic diet (KD) has recently gained popularity thanks to growing evidence on applications such weight loss, most importantly, but also NAFLD, cancer, neurologic conditions and chronic pain. As with any treatment, whether pharmacologic or not, KD might not be an appropriate intervention every individual, number of contraindications have been proposed, now deeply rooted into clinical practice, excluding de facto many patients that could benefit from its use. However, these concerns were expressed due absence studies conducted fragile populations, assessment lately emerged relative safety is currently lacking much needed. We herein provide critical revision literature behind each alert, in order guide through options case subjects indication borderline safe situation. Based available evidence, possible use this therapeutic should assessed patient‐to‐patient basis by adequately skilled medical doctors, keeping mind current recommendations, reading them knowledge state art.

Language: Английский

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