Pathophysiology of obesity and its associated diseases

Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 2403 - 2424

Published: Jan. 13, 2023

The occurrence of obesity has increased across the whole world. Many epidemiological studies have indicated that strongly contributes to development cancer, cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, liver diseases and other disorders, accounting for a heavy burden on public health-care systems every year. Excess energy uptake induces adipocyte hypertrophy, hyperplasia formation visceral fat in non-adipose tissues evoke disease, diseases. Adipose tissue can also secrete adipokines inflammatory cytokines affect local microenvironment, induce insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, activate associated signaling pathways. This further exacerbates progression obesity-associated Although some progress treatment been achieved preclinical clinical studies, pathogenesis obesity-induced are complex unclear. We still need understand their links better guide In this review, we review between with view improve future management its co-morbidities.

Language: Английский

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White adipocyte dysfunction and obesity-associated pathologies in humans

Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 25(4), P. 270 - 289

Published: Dec. 12, 2023

Language: Английский

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The Link between NAFLD and Metabolic Syndrome

Diagnostics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 614 - 614

Published: Feb. 7, 2023

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is characterized by an association of cardiovascular and diabetes mellitus type 2 risk factors. Although the definition MetS slightly differs depending on society that described it, its central diagnostic criteria include impaired fasting glucose, low HDL-cholesterol, elevated triglycerides levels high blood pressure. Insulin resistance (IR) believed to be main cause connected level visceral or intra-abdominal adipose tissue, which could assessed either calculating body mass index measuring waist circumference. Most recent studies revealed IR may also present in non-obese patients, considered adiposity effector MetS’ pathology. Visceral strongly linked with hepatic fatty infiltration known as non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD), therefore, acids parenchyma indirectly MetS, being both a consequence this syndrome. Taking into consideration pandemic obesity tendency drift towards progressively earlier onset due Western lifestyle, it leads increased NAFLD incidence. Novel therapeutic resources are lifestyle intervention physical activity, Mediterranean diet, surgical respective metabolic bariatric surgery drugs such SGLT-2i, GLP-1 Ra vitamin E. early diagnosis important easily available tools non-invasive tools: clinical laboratory variables (serum biomarkers): AST platelet ratio index, fibrosis-4, Fibrosis Score, BARD fibro test, enhanced fibrosis; imaging-based biomarkers: Controlled attenuation parameter, magnetic resonance imaging proton-density fat fraction, transient elastography (TE) vibration controlled TE, acoustic radiation force impulse imaging, shear wave elastography, elastography; possibility prevent complications, respectively, fibrosis, hepato-cellular carcinoma cirrhosis can develop end-stage disease.

Language: Английский

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Consensus Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease in Adult Asian Indians with Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 19(3), P. 103209 - 103209

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Waist Circumference Is an Essential Factor in Predicting Insulin Resistance and Early Detection of Metabolic Syndrome in Adults

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 257 - 257

Published: Jan. 4, 2023

Background: Metabolic syndrome (Met-S) is considered one of the most important health problems 21st century. It includes a group metabolic disorders that increase risk cardiovascular diseases such as overweight and obesity, elevated lipid profile blood pressure insulin resistance (IR). Based on information mentioned above in which there seems to be relationship between IR Met-S, objective this work was twofold: hand, assess values different scales Met-S determined with three scales, other, determine whether any components predispose more appearance IR. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study 418,343 workers. Waist circumference measured evaluated together six formulas index. Categorical variables were by calculating frequency distribution each one. For quantitative variables, mean standard deviation determined, Student’s t-test applied, while for qualitative chi-square test performed. The usefulness predicting using ROC curves, area under curve (AUC), well their cut-off points sensitivity, specificity, Youden Results: People applying criteria had higher scales. made it possible adequately classify people syndrome. Of definitions showed greatest IDF. Conclusions: Most enable presence classified, finding best ones if International Diabetes Federation (IDF) are applied. elements included presenting waist circumference; hence, definition related IDF, only high value necessary able diagnose Met-S. can central essential component detecting and, therefore, early detection

Language: Английский

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Mediterranean diet lowers all-cause and cardiovascular mortality for patients with metabolic syndrome

Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: May 23, 2023

A Mediterranean-style diet (MED) can promote people lengthen the span of life and avoid atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in primary prevention. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) significantly reduce expectancy increase risk ASCVD. However, few studies have focused on role Mediterranean patients with MetS. Participants National Health Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) MetS (N = 8301) from 2007 to 2018 were examined. 9-point evaluation scorewas used measure degree adherence MED diet. In order compare various levels effects specific components all-cause mortality, Cox regression models utilized. Among 8301 participants MetS, about 13.0% (1080 died after a median follow-up 6.3 years. this study, high-quality moderate-quality associated lower mortality as well during period. Futhermore, joint analysis sedentary behavior or depression, we found that could attenuate, even reverse adverse depression diet, greater intakes vegetables, legumes, nuts high MUFA/SFA ratio vegetables intake was while more red/processed meat higher

Language: Английский

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Complete Blood Count (CBC)-Derived Inflammation Indexes Are Useful in Predicting Metabolic Syndrome in Adults with Severe Obesity

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. 1353 - 1353

Published: Feb. 27, 2024

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a globally increasing pathological condition. Recent research highlighted the utility of complete blood count-derived (CBC) inflammation indexes to predict MetS in adults with obesity. Methods: This study examined CBC-derived (NHR, LHR, MHR, PHR, SIRI, AISI, and SII) 231 severe obesity (88 males, 143 females; age: 52.3 [36.4–63.3] years), divided based on presence (MetS+) or absence (MetS-) MetS. The relationships between cardiometabolic risk biomarkers HOMA-IR, TG/HDL-C, non-HDL-C were also evaluated. Results: Individuals metabolic had significantly higher values NHR, SIRI than those without (MHR NHR: p < 0.0001; LHR: = 0.001; PHR: 0.011; SIRI: 0.021). These positively correlated degree severity. Logistic regression 0.000; 0.002; 0.022; 0.040) ROC analysis (MHR: AUC 0.6604; 0.6343; 0.6741; 0.6054; 0.5955) confirmed predictive potential for individuals HOMA-IR (MHR, 0.000) TG/HDL-C NHR 0.006). Conclusions: In conclusion, this validates predicting these factors can enable clinicians better grade associated

Language: Английский

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The association of metabolic syndrome scores trajectory patterns with risk of all cancer types

Cancer, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 130(12), P. 2150 - 2159

Published: March 11, 2024

Abstract Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) elevates cancer risk. However, a single MetS assessment does not fully reveal the long‐term association with cancer. Inflammation, alongside MetS, could synergistically expedite both onset and advancement of This study aims to investigate score trajectories risk in large, prospective cohort study. Methods The authors prospectively examined relationship between trajectory patterns new‐onset 44,115 participants. Latent mixture modeling was used identify trajectories. Cox proportional hazards regression models were evaluate overall site‐specific cancers. Results Four identified: low‐stable ( n = 4657), moderate‐low 18,018), moderate‐high 18,288), elevated‐increasing 3152). Compared participants pattern, pattern associated an elevated (hazard ratio [HR], 1.27; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.04–1.55), breast (HR, 2.11; CI, 1.04–4.34), endometrial 3.33; 1.16–6.77), kidney 4.52; 1.17–10.48), colorectal 2.54; 1.27–5.09), liver 1.61; 1.09–4.57) Among chronic inflammation (C‐reactive protein levels ≥3 mg/L), significantly subsequent breast, endometrial, colorectal, Conclusions Trajectories scores are occurrence cancers, especially kidney, emphasizing importance monitoring evaluation MetS. Plain Language Summary metabolic heightened various cancers is pivotal finding our Our research further indicates that individuals particularly when coupled inflammation, at increased We propose sustained management be beneficial reducing

Language: Английский

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Association between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and type 2 diabetes mellitus: dual evidence from NHANES database and Mendelian randomization analysis

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Feb. 22, 2024

Background Low levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are commonly seen in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, it is unclear whether there an independent or causal link between HDL-C and T2DM. This study aims to address this gap by using the The National Health Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. Materials methods Data from NHANES survey (2007-2018) 9,420 participants were analyzed specialized software. Logistic regression models restricted cubic splines (RCS) used assess relationship T2DM incidence, while considering covariates. Genetic variants associated obtained genome-wide association studies (GWAS), was evaluate Various tests conducted pleiotropy outliers. Results In study, all groups, except lowest quartile (Q1: 0.28-1.09 mmol/L], showed a significant reduced risk (all P &lt; 0.001). After adjusting for covariates, Q2 [odds ratio (OR) = 0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI): (0.57, 0.79)], Q3 [OR 0.51, CI: (0.40, 0.65)], Q4 0.29, (0.23, 0.36)] groups exhibited average reductions 23%, 49%, 71%, respectively. sensitivity analysis incorporating other lipid levels, group still demonstrates 57% reduction impact on varied age (P interaction 0.006). RCS nonlinear decreasing trend increasing 0.003). MR analysis, also (OR 0.69, CI 0.52-0.82; 1.41 × 10 -13 ), no evidence Conclusion provides supporting higher risk. Further research needed explore interventions targeting reducing

Language: Английский

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Association between metabolic score for insulin resistance and stroke: a nationally representative cross-sectional study from NHANES 2007–2018

Frontiers in Neurology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 3, 2025

Stroke is a significant cerebrovascular disease and remains one of the leading causes death disability worldwide. Insulin resistance has been strongly linked to incidence stroke. Employing characteristics metabolic syndrome, Metabolic Score for Resistance (METS-IR) accurately measures insulin resistance. Nonetheless, relationship between METS-IR stroke risk not well-established. We analyzed data from National Health Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) covering years 2007-2018. Participants providing complete self-reported information were included in study. utilized weighted multivariate regression explore stroke, performing subgroup analyses as well. A total 14,794 participants included, with an average 43.44 ± 12.68. The overall prevalence was 3.79%, higher rates observed upper tertiles. An increase unit associated 1% (OR = 1.01; 95% CI: 1.01-1.02). Interaction tests indicated no effects gender, smoking status, alcohol consumption, hypertension, diabetes, physical activity, or serum cholesterol levels on this relationship. Notably, younger than 60 years, association significantly stronger 1.02; 1.01-1.03), marked interaction (p 0.0061). Our findings indicate positive correlation increased risk. Early intervention targeting may be viable preventive measure against particularly individuals under age.

Language: Английский

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