Time-restricted Eating for the Prevention and Management of Metabolic Diseases

Endocrine Reviews, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 43(2), P. 405 - 436

Published: Sept. 22, 2021

Time-restricted feeding (TRF, animal-based studies) and time-restricted eating (TRE, humans) are an emerging behavioral intervention approach based on the understanding of role circadian rhythms in physiology metabolism. In this approach, all calorie intake is restricted within a consistent interval less than 12 hours without overtly attempting to reduce calories. This article will summarize origin TRF/TRE starting with concept chronic rhythm disruption increasing risk for metabolic diseases. Circadian usually perceived as sleep-wake cycle dependent arising from central nervous system. However, recent discovery peripheral organs plasticity these response changes nutrition availability raised possibility that adopting daily short window can sustain robust rhythm. Preclinical animal studies have demonstrated proof identified potential mechanisms driving TRF-related benefits. Pilot human reported promising results reducing obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular Epidemiological indicated maintaining long overnight fast, which similar TRE, significantly risks Despite early successes, more clinical mechanistic needed implement TRE alone or adjuvant lifestyle prevention management

Language: Английский

---

Effectiveness of Early Time-Restricted Eating for Weight Loss, Fat Loss, and Cardiometabolic Health in Adults With Obesity

JAMA Internal Medicine, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 182(9), P. 953 - 953

Published: Aug. 8, 2022

Importance

It is unclear how effective intermittent fasting for losing weight and body fat, the effects may depend on timing of eating window. This randomized trial compared time-restricted (TRE) with over a period 12 or more hours while matching weight-loss counseling across groups.

Objective

To determine whether practicing TRE by early in day (eTRE) loss, fat cardiometabolic health than hours.

Design, Setting, Participants

The study was 14-week, parallel-arm, clinical conducted between August 2018 April 2020. Participants were adults aged 25 to 75 years obesity who received treatment through Weight Loss Medicine Clinic at University Alabama Birmingham Hospital.

Interventions

All participants (energy restriction [ER]) eTRE plus ER (8-hour window from 7:00 15:00) control (CON) (≥12-hour window).

Main Outcomes Measures

co–primary outcomes loss loss. Secondary included blood pressure, heart rate, glucose levels, insulin plasma lipid levels.

Results

Ninety enrolled (mean [SD] mass index, 39.6 [6.7]; age, 43 [11] years; 72 [80%] female). eTRE+ER group adhered 6.0 (0.8) days per week. intervention (−2.3 kg; 95% CI, −3.7 −0.9 kg;P = .002) but did not affect (−1.4 −2.9 0.2 .09) ratio (−4.2%; −14.9 6.5%;P .43). equivalent reducing calorie intake an additional 214 kcal/d. also improved diastolic pressure (−4 mm Hg; −8 0 Hg;P .04) mood disturbances, including fatigue-inertia, vigor-activity, depression-dejection. other risk factors, food intake, physical activity, sleep similar In secondary analysis 59 completers, trunk CON+ER.

Conclusions Relevance

this trial, improving 14 weeks.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier:NCT03459703

Language: Английский

---

Chronobiology and Chronomedicine

Royal Society of Chemistry eBooks, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 23, 2024

Circadian rhythms have been shown to be ubiquitous and critically important in the experimental laboratory, accounting for difference between life death response identical stimulus. The partly endogenous nature of circadian has well documented methods their characterisation developed enabling cellular molecular mechanisms understood. Chronobiology Chronomedicine aims provide a review these underlying illustrate role brain’s suprachiasmatic nuclei ‘pace-making’ process effects caused by ‘clock genes’ present almost all cells. Beyond involved, book discusses relationship body systems, disease, proper function; particular, how disruption rhythm is associated with ill health disease status from observations made at organismic level. organised an ideal introduction postgraduate various fields, reviewing developments outlining show depth breadth chronobiology chronomedicine, as invaluable companion researchers healthcare professionals working field interest developing novel therapeutic approaches.

Language: Английский

---

Lifestyle management of hypertension: International Society of Hypertension position paper endorsed by the World Hypertension League and European Society of Hypertension

Journal of Hypertension, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 42(1), P. 23 - 49

Published: Sept. 12, 2023

Hypertension, defined as persistently elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) >140 mmHg and/or diastolic (DBP) at least 90 (International Society of Hypertension guidelines), affects over 1.5 billion people worldwide. is associated with increased risk cardiovascular disease (CVD) events (e.g. coronary heart disease, failure and stroke) death. An international panel experts convened by the International College Experts compiled lifestyle management recommendations first-line strategy to prevent control hypertension in adulthood. We also recommend that changes be continued even when pressure-lowering medications are prescribed. Specific based on literature evidence summarized advice start these measures early life, including maintaining a healthy body weight, levels different types physical activity, eating drinking, avoidance cessation smoking alcohol use, stress sleep levels. discuss relevance specific approaches consumption sodium, potassium, sugar, fibre, coffee, tea, intermittent fasting well integrated strategies implement using, for example, behaviour change-related technologies digital tools.

Language: Английский

---

Foundations of circadian medicine

PLoS Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20(3), P. e3001567 - e3001567

Published: March 24, 2022

The circadian clock is an evolutionarily highly conserved endogenous timing program that structures physiology and behavior according to the time of day. Disruption rhythms associated with many common pathologies. emerging field medicine aims exploit mechanisms clock–disease interaction for clinical diagnosis, treatment, prevention. In this Essay, we outline principle approaches medicine, highlight development in selected areas, point out open questions challenges. Circadian has unambiguous health benefits over standard care but rarely utilized. It biology become integrated part translational research.

Language: Английский

---

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: An Evolutionary Adaptation to Lifestyle and the Environment

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(3), P. 1336 - 1336

Published: Jan. 25, 2022

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is increasingly recognized as a complex metabolic disorder that manifests in genetically susceptible women following range of negative exposures to nutritional and environmental factors related contemporary lifestyle. The hypothesis PCOS phenotypes are derived from mismatch between ancient genetic survival mechanisms modern lifestyle practices supported by diversity research findings. proposed evolutionary model the pathogenesis incorporates evidence theory, studies, utero developmental epigenetic programming, transgenerational inheritance, features including insulin resistance, obesity apparent paradox lean phenotypes, reproductive effects subfertility, impact microbiome dysbiosis, endocrine-disrupting chemical exposure, influence such poor-quality diet physical inactivity. Based on these premises, diverse lines synthesized into composite PCOS. It hoped this will assist clinicians patients understand importance interventions prevention management provide conceptual framework for future research. appreciated theory represents synthesis current it expected evolve change over time.

Language: Английский

---

Beneficial Effects of Early Time-Restricted Feeding on Metabolic Diseases: Importance of Aligning Food Habits with the Circadian Clock

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(5), P. 1405 - 1405

Published: April 22, 2021

The importance of metabolic health is a major societal concern due to the increasing prevalence diseases such as obesity, diabetes, and various cardiovascular diseases. circadian clock clearly implicated in development these Indeed, it regulates physiological processes by hormone modulation, thus helping body perform them at ideal time day. Since industrial revolution, actions rhythms everyday life have been modified are characterized changes sleep pattern, work schedules, eating habits. These modifications turn lead night shift, social jetlag, late-night eating, meal skipping, group customs that causes rhythm disruption leads an increase risks. Intermittent fasting, especially time-restricted proposes solution: restraining feeding window from 6 10 h per day match with clock. This approach seems improve markers could be therapeutic solution fight against review summarizes matching habits for assesses advantages limits application fasting objective treating preventing

Language: Английский

---

Chronotype Differences in Body Composition, Dietary Intake and Eating Behavior Outcomes: A Scoping Systematic Review

Advances in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 2357 - 2405

Published: Aug. 30, 2022

The timing and nutritional composition of food intake are important zeitgebers for the biological clocks in humans. Thus, eating at an inappropriate time (e.g., during night) may have a desynchronizing effect on and, long term, result adverse health outcomes weight gain, obesity, poor metabolic function). Being very late or early chronotype not only determines preferred sleep wake times but also influence subsequent mealtimes, which affect circadian system. In recent years, increased number studies examined relation between outcomes, with main focus absolute markers to lesser extent, dietary distribution behavior. Therefore, this review aimed systematically determine whether indirectly affects behaviors, (timing, choice, nutrients), biomarkers leading body healthy adults. A systematic literature search electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Cochrane library) was performed (International Prospective Register Systematic Reviews number: CRD42020219754). Only that included adults (aged >18 y), classified according profiles, using intake, behavior, and/or biomarkers, were considered. Of 4404 articles, 24 met inclusion criteria. results revealed [evening type (ET)] compared [morning (MT)] chronotypes more likely be overweight/obese poorer health. Both MT ET had similar energy macronutrient intakes, consuming their sleep–wake timing: later than MT. Most intakes distributed toward nighttime exacerbated by unhealthy behaviors unfavorable intakes. These findings from our give further insight why higher rates overweight/obesity unhealthier occur ET.

Language: Английский

---

Intermittent Fasting and the Possible Benefits in Obesity, Diabetes, and Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review of Randomized Clinical Trials

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(9), P. 3179 - 3179

Published: Sept. 13, 2021

Intermittent fasting has become popular in recent years and is controversially presented as a possible therapeutic adjunct. A bibliographic review of the literature on intermittent obesity, diabetes, multiple sclerosis was carried out. The scientific quality methodology results obtained were evaluated pairs. beneficial effects lipid profile, it associated with weight loss modification distribution abdominal fat people obesity type 2 diabetes well an improvement control glycemic levels. In patients sclerosis, data available are too scarce to draw any firm conclusions, but does appear that may be safe feasible intervention. However, necessary continue investigating its long-term since so far, studies out small short duration.

Language: Английский

---

A meta‐analysis comparing the effectiveness of alternate day fasting, the 5:2 diet, and time‐restricted eating for weight loss

Obesity, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 31(S1), P. 9 - 21

Published: Nov. 8, 2022

Abstract Objective The objective of this meta‐analysis was to compare the effectiveness different intermittent fasting (IF) regimens on weight loss, in general population, and these traditional caloric energy restriction (CER). Methods Three databases were searched from 2011 June 2021 for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that assessed loss IF, including alternate day (ADF), 5:2 diet, time‐restricted eating (TRE). A random effect network analysis used between three regimens. Meta‐regression presented as weighted mean differences body loss. Results exploratory effects 24 RCTs ( n = 1768) ranked ADF most effective, followed by CER TRE. showed IF resulted similar (mean difference 0.26 kg, 95% CI: –0.31 0.84; p 0.37). Compliance generally high (>80%) shorter than 3 months. Conclusions present concludes is comparable a promising alternative Among regimens, highest Further well‐powered with longer durations intervention are required draw solid conclusions.

Language: Английский

---