Fungi in the Gut Microbiota: Interactions, Homeostasis, and Host Physiology

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 70 - 70

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

The mammalian gastrointestinal tract is a stage for dynamic inter-kingdom interactions among bacteria, fungi, viruses, and protozoa, which collectively shape the gut micro-ecology influence host physiology. Despite being modest fraction, fungal community, also referred to as mycobiota, represents critical component of microbiota. Emerging evidence suggests that fungi act early colonizers intestine, exerting lasting on development. Meanwhile, composition mycobiota influenced by multiple factors, with diet, nutrition, drug use (e.g., antimicrobials), physical condition standing primary drivers. During its establishment, forms both antagonistic synergistic relationships bacterial communities within host. For instance, intestinal can inhibit colonization producing alcohol, while certain pathogens exploit iron carriers enhance their growth. However, regulatory mechanisms governing these complex remain poorly understood. In this review, we first introduce methodologies studying microbiota, then address significance in especially during weaning when all ‘primary drivers’ change, and, finally, discuss between bacteria under various influencing factors. Our review aims shed light dynamics homeostasis provide insights into how they be better understood managed improve health disease outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Critical Review of the Cross-Links Between Dietary Components, the Gut Microbiome, and Depression

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(2), P. 614 - 614

Published: Jan. 13, 2025

The complex relationship between diet, the gut microbiota, and mental health, particularly depression, has become a focal point of contemporary research. This critical review examines how specific dietary components, such as fiber, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, bioactive compounds, shape microbiome influence microbial metabolism in order to regulate depressive outcomes. These dietary-induced changes microbiota can modulate production metabolites, which play vital roles gut–brain communication. axis facilitates this communication through neural, immune, endocrine pathways. Alterations metabolites central nervous system (CNS) functions by impacting neuroplasticity, inflammatory responses, neurotransmitter levels—all are linked onset course depression. highlights recent findings linking components with beneficial composition reduced symptoms. We also explore challenges individual variability responses interventions long-term sustainability these strategies. underscores necessity for further longitudinal mechanistic studies elucidate precise mechanisms diet interactions be leveraged mitigate paving way personalized nutritional therapies.

Language: Английский

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The Detrimental Impact of Ultra-Processed Foods on the Human Gut Microbiome and Gut Barrier

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(5), P. 859 - 859

Published: Feb. 28, 2025

Ultra-processed foods (UPFs) have become a widely consumed food category in modern diets. However, their impact on gut health is raising increasing concerns. This review investigates how UPFs the microbiome and barrier, emphasizing dysbiosis increased permeability. UPFs, characterized by high content of synthetic additives emulsifiers, low fiber content, are associated with decrease microbial diversity, lower levels beneficial bacteria like Akkermansia muciniphila Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, an increase pro-inflammatory microorganisms. These alterations community contribute to persistent inflammation, which various chronic disorders including metabolic syndrome, irritable bowel type 2 diabetes, colorectal cancer. In addition, may alter gut-brain axis, potentially affecting cognitive function mental health. Dietary modifications incorporating fiber, fermented foods, probiotics can help mitigate effects UPFs. Furthermore, public needs stricter regulations for banning along well-defined labels. Further studies necessary elucidate mechanisms connecting systemic illnesses, thereby informing evidence-based dietary guidelines.

Language: Английский

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The anti-inflammatory effects of a Mediterranean diet: a review

Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 25(6), P. 415 - 422

Published: Aug. 30, 2022

Purpose of review Chronic noncommunicable diseases remain the leading cause morbidity and mortality worldwide majority are preventable with a healthy diet lifestyle, but controversy remains as to best approach. Greater adherence traditional Mediterranean has consistently been associated lower from cardiovascular disease, diabetes many cancers, all-cause mortality. Despite well known benefits on chronic disease risk there some scepticism effects this dietary pattern across populations outside mechanisms action plant-based pattern. This narrative aims summarize latest evidence health protective diseases, specifically focussing anti-inflammatory highly published Recent findings high-quality now supports in secondary prevention impacts atherosclerosis progression, likely through reduction systemic inflammation irrespective changes cholesterol or weight. The low Dietary Inflammatory Index illustrating its potential. beneficially modulates gut microbiota immune system, including emerging for efficacy against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (coronavirus 2019). Emerging shows clinicians not routinely recommending despite due barriers such lack training, patient materials concerns about potential adherence. Summary physiological becoming better understood be multisystem involving gut. Larger controlled trials investigating mechanistic broader non-Mediterranean warranted. Although reflected therapeutic guidelines management individual, clinical practice system implementation that need multisectoral approach address.

Language: Английский

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The Impact of the Microbiome on Resistance to Cancer Treatment with Chemotherapeutic Agents and Immunotherapy

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(1), P. 488 - 488

Published: Jan. 1, 2022

Understanding the mechanisms of resistance to therapy in human cancer cells has become a multifaceted limiting factor achieving optimal cures patients. Besides genetic and epigenetic alterations, enhanced DNA damage repair activity, deregulation cell death, overexpression transmembrane transporters, complex interactions within tumor microenvironment, other treatment have been recently proposed. In this review, we will summarize preclinical clinical studies highlighting critical role microbiome efficacy treatment, concerning mainly chemotherapy immunotherapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors. addition involvement drug metabolism surveillance, production microbiota-derived metabolites might represent link between gut/intratumoral bacteria response anticancer therapies. Importantly, an emerging trend using microbiota modulation by probiotics fecal transplantation (FMT) overcome be also discussed.

Language: Английский

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Cancer as microenvironmental, systemic and environmental diseases: opportunity for transdisciplinary microbiomics science

Gut, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 71(10), P. 2107 - 2122

Published: July 12, 2022

Cancer is generally regarded as a localised disease, with the well-established role of tumour microenvironment. However, realm cancer goes beyond microenvironment, and should also be systemic environmental disease. The exposome ( ie, totality exposures), which encompasses diets, supplements, smoking, alcohol, other lifestyle factors, medications, etc , likely alters microbiome (inclusive bacteria, viruses, archaea, fungi, parasites, ) immune system in various body sites influences phenotypes. metabolic/inflammatory status, influenced by exposures intestinal physiological changes, may affect tissue microenvironment colorectum any organs. Germline genomic factors can modify disease phenotypes via gene-by-environment interactions. Although challenges exist, it crucial to advance not only basic experimental research that analyse effects exposures, microorganisms microenvironmental components on evolution but interdisciplinary human population dissect complex pathogenic roles exposome, immunome. Metagenomic, metatranscriptomic metabolomic analyses integrated into well-designed combined advanced methodologies artificial intelligence molecular pathological epidemiology. Ideally, prospective cohort study design enables biospecimen (such stool) collection before detection considered address reverse causation recall biases. Robust observational together provide insights dynamic interactions between microbiota, immunity during carcinogenesis processes, thereby helping us develop precision prevention therapeutic strategies ultimately reduce burden.

Language: Английский

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Sodium butyrate in both prevention and supportive treatment of colorectal cancer

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: Oct. 26, 2022

Accumulating evidence suggests that selected microbiota-derived metabolites play a significant role in both tumor prevention and supportive treatment of cancer. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), i.e., mainly acetate, proprionate, butyrate, are one them. Nowadays, it is known butyrate key microbial metabolite. Therefore, the current review, we focused on sodium (NaB) context colorectal Notably, characterized by wide range beneficial properties/activities. Among others, influences function immune system, maintains intestinal barrier integrity, positively affects efficiency anti-cancer treatment, may reduce risk mucositis induced chemotherapy. Taking into consideration these facts, analyzed NaB (which salt butyric acid) its impact gut microbiota as well anti-tumor activity describing molecular mechanisms. Overall, available as, for instance, food with special medical purposes (depending country’s regulation), administration seems to be promising option cancer patients.

Language: Английский

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Diet-induced gut dysbiosis and inflammation: Key drivers of obesity-driven NASH

iScience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 26(1), P. 105905 - 105905

Published: Dec. 30, 2022

Sucrose, the primary circulating sugar in plants, contains equal amounts of fructose and glucose. The latter is predominant animals thus fuel source for various tissue cell types body. Chronic excessive energy intake has, however, emerged as a major driver obesity associated pathologies including nonalcoholic fatty liver diseases (NAFLD) more severe steatohepatitis (NASH). Consumption high-caloric, western-style diet induces gut dysbiosis inflammation resulting leaky gut. Translocation gut-derived bacterial content promotes hepatic ER stress, when either or both these are combined with steatosis, it can cause NASH. Here, we review metabolic links between diet-induced changes Furthermore, therapeutic interventions treatment also discussed focus on restoring gut-liver axis.

Language: Английский

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Gut Microbial-Derived Short Chain Fatty Acids: Impact on Adipose Tissue Physiology

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 272 - 272

Published: Jan. 5, 2023

Obesity is a global public health issue and major risk factor for pathological conditions, including type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, coronary artery disease, hepatic steatosis, certain types of cancer. These metabolic complications result from combination genetics environmental influences, thus contributing to impact whole-body homeostasis. Mechanistic animal human studies have indicated that an altered gut microbiota can mediate the development obesity, leading inflammation beyond intestine. Moreover, prior research suggests interaction between peripheral organs such as adipose tissue via different signaling pathways; yet, what degree in exactly ways this inter-organ crosstalk modulates obesity remains elusive. This review emphasizes influence circulating gut-derived short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) i.e., acetate, propionate, butyrate, on metabolism scope with emphasis adipocyte physiology vitro vivo. Furthermore, we discuss some well-established mechanisms which microbial SCFAs exert role prominent host energy source, hence regulating overall balance health. Collectively, exploring appears be promising avenue improve conditions related obesity.

Language: Английский

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Mediterranean diet and mitochondria: New findings

Experimental Gerontology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 176, P. 112165 - 112165

Published: April 5, 2023

Mitochondria are subcellular organelles known for their central role in several energetic processes. Accumulating evidence supports a key mitochondria the physiological response to both acute and chronic stress exposure, and, ultimately, biological embedding of adversity health psychological functioning that increases interest these medical conditions typical older people. At same time, Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) seems affect function further justifying this lowering risk negative outcomes. In review, we have elucidated human diseases including fundamental stress, aging, neuropsychiatric metabolic disorders. Overall, MedDiet can limit production free radicals, being rich polyphenols. Moreover, reduced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) ameliorated damage apoptosis. Similarly, whole grains maintain respiration membrane potential, finally improving function. Other components anti-inflammatory effects, again modulating For example, delphinidin (a flavonoid present red wine berries) restored elevated level respiration, mtDNA content, complex IV activity; similarly, resveratrol lycopene, grapefruits tomatoes, exerted an effect enzymes. Altogether, findings support notion positive effects be mediated by modulation indicating necessity studies beings confirming findings.

Language: Английский

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