Obesity and weight change during the COVID‐19 pandemic in children and adults: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Obesity Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(5)

Published: Jan. 31, 2023

Summary Many obesity risk factors have increased during the COVID‐19 pandemic, including physical inactivity, poor diet, stress, and poverty. The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate impact as well associated lockdowns or restrictions, on weight change in children adults. We searched five databases from January 2020 November 2021. included only longitudinal studies with measures before pandemic that evaluated weight, body mass index (BMI) (or BMI z ‐scores for children), waist circumference, prevalence obesity. Random effects meta‐analyses were conducted obtain pooled estimates mean difference outcomes. Subgroups age groups diabetes at baseline. bias assessed using a modified version Newcastle‐Ottawa Scale, certainty evidence Grading Recommendations, Assessment, Development Evaluation (GRADE) approach. A total 74 (3,213,776 participants): 31 children, 41 adults, 2 In 1.65 kg (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.40, 2.90; 9 studies) 0.13 CI 0.10, 0.17; 20 ‐scores, by 2% 1%, 3%; 12 studies). 0.93 0.54, 1.33; 27 0.38 kg/m 0.21, 0.55; 25 BMI, 1% 0%, 11 circumference 1.03 cm −0.08, 2.15; 4 There considerable heterogeneity observed all outcomes both GRADE very low During first year small but potentially clinically significant increases gain, adults observed. Increases greater targeted prevention interventions may be warranted.

Language: Английский

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Obesity and COVID-19 in Children and Adolescents: Reciprocal Detrimental Influence—Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(13), P. 7603 - 7603

Published: June 21, 2022

The dramatic lifestyle changes forced by COVID-19-related lockdown promoted weight gain, with a stronger impact on obese subjects, at higher risk of severe infection. PubMed database was searched to identify original studies assessing: (1) the extent and factors lockdown-induced increase; (2) obesity hospital admission in children adolescents. A systematic literature review meta-analyses were performed. Twenty out 13,986 identified records included. significant increase reported majority no apparent gender or age differences. It induced consumption hypercaloric/hyperglycemic/junk food and/or reduction physical activity, often associated an altered sleep-wake cycle. On other hand, increased hospitalization (OR = 4.38; 95% C.I. 1.46-13.19; p 0.009; I2 96%) as compared normal population. COVID-19 represent epidemic conditions reciprocal detrimental impact. Urgent public health interventions, targeting various social strata, involving governmental authorities, care personnel, teachers families are warranted awareness actively promote healthy lifestyles contrast pediatric its consequences global level.

Language: Английский

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Early and precocious puberty during the COVID-19 pandemic

Frontiers in Endocrinology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Jan. 9, 2023

During the year 2020, COVID-19 pandemic rapidly became a severe health emergency worldwide. In order to contrast spread of novel SARS-CoV-2, many countries implemented extraordinary restrictive measures, such as strict lockdown and school closures. The had great impact on children adolescents’ daily life, leading much more sedentary lifestyle, larger use electronic devices an increase in stress-related symptoms. These conspicuous changes acted disruptors children’s normal development. Since beginning pandemic, studies reported number precocious puberty cases well faster progression rate itself, if compared pre-pandemic years. this review, our aim was evaluate incidence new early during analyzing variations timing pubertal rate, investigate role environmental lifestyle factors modulating physiopathology While direct effect SARS-CoV-2 infection remains, at moment, remote hypothesis, both physical psychological related seem have triggering GnRH pulsatile secretion earlier onset. It is indeed important stress need clarify exact onset comparing data from all over world; long-term comprehensive are also pivotal explain whether phenomenon will continue while we resume habits.

Language: Английский

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School closures during COVID-19: an overview of systematic reviews

BMJ evidence-based medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(3), P. 164 - 174

Published: March 31, 2023

To assess the benefits and drawbacks of school closures in-school mitigations during COVID-19 pandemic.Overview systematic reviews (SRs).We searched six databases additional resources on 29 July 2022: MEDLINE, Embase, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, COVID-END inventory evidence synthesis, Epistemonikos.We selected SRs written in English that answered at least one four specific questions concerning efficacy closures. Their primary studies were conducted secondary schools, including pupils aged 5-18. Interventions included or (such as mask usage) introduced schools.We used AMSTAR 2 to confidence SRs, GRADE was certainty evidence. We performed a narrative synthesis results, prioritising higher-quality those which assessments with more unique studies. also assessed overlap between SRs.Our framework for summarising outcome data guided by following questions: (1) What is impact transmission, morbidity mortality community? (2) mental health (eg, anxiety), physical obesity, domestic violence, sleep) learning/achievement pupils? (3) schools (4) health, pupils?We identified 578 reports, 26 included. One SR high confidence, 0 moderate, 10 low 15 critically confidence. 132 effects transmission/morbidity/mortality, 123 learning, 164 22 16 sleep, 7 violence 69 transmission/morbidity/mortality.Both associated reduced community. School increased anxiety obesity pupils. found no potential The according mostly very low.School had both positive negative impacts. large number However, low, low. assessing children, could be addressed moving forward. This overview provides inform policy makers future waves COVID-19.

Language: Английский

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New-Onset Diabetes After COVID-19

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 108(11), P. e1164 - e1174

Published: May 19, 2023

Abstract There is evidence suggesting that infection with SARS-CoV-2 can lead to several long-term sequelae including diabetes. This mini-review examines the rapidly evolving and conflicting literature on new-onset diabetes after COVID-19, which we term NODAC. We searched PubMed, MEDLINE, medRxiv from inception until December 1, 2022, using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms free text words “COVID-19,” “SARS-CoV-2,” “diabetes,” “hyperglycemia,” “insulin resistance,” “pancreatic β-cell.” also supplemented searches by examining reference lists retrieved articles. Current suggests COVID-19 increases risk of developing diabetes, but attributable uncertain because limitations study designs nature pandemic, new variants, widespread population exposure virus, diagnostic options for vaccination status. The etiology likely multifactorial includes factors associated host characteristics (eg, age), social determinants health deprivation index), pandemic-related effects both at personal psychosocial stress) societal-community level containment measures). may have direct indirect pancreatic β-cell function insulin sensitivity related acute its treatment glucocorticoids); autoimmunity; persistent viral residency in multiple organs adipose tissue; endothelial dysfunction; hyperinflammatory state. While our understanding NODAC continues evolve, consideration should be given classified as a post-COVID syndrome, addition traditional classifications type 1 or 2), so pathophysiology, natural history, optimal management studied.

Language: Английский

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Projected health and economic effects of the increase in childhood obesity during the COVID-19 pandemic in England: The potential cost of inaction

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(1), P. e0296013 - e0296013

Published: Jan. 24, 2024

Background The prevalence of overweight and obesity in young children rose sharply during the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we estimate potential future health economic effects these trends England. Methods Using publicly available annual Body Mass Index (BMI) data from 2006–2022, calculated increase overweight/obesity (BMI ≥85 th reference percentile) pandemic among aged 4–5 10–11, variation by deprivation ethnicity. We projected impact child BMI on adult measures to added lifelong medical social costs. Results During 2020–2021 there were steep increases children. By 2022, returned expected levels based pre-pandemic trends. However, 10–11 persisted was 4 percentage points (p<0.001) higher than expected, representing almost 56,000 additional twice as high most compared with least deprived areas. healthcare cost this cohort will amount £800 million a society £8.7 billion. did not find an maternal associated pandemic, however, grew faster post period. Discussion return provides clear policy target for effective intervention tackle growing serious population concern.

Language: Английский

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Comparison of Physical Fitness Profiles Obtained before and during COVID-19 Pandemic in Two Independent Large Samples of Children and Adolescents: DAFIS Project

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 19(7), P. 3963 - 3963

Published: March 26, 2022

COVID-19 pandemic restrictions might have negatively affected the health-related physical fitness of children and adolescents. The aim this study was to contrast body composition data two independent samples adolescents obtained from an online database (DAFIS project) before (n = 15,287) during 2101) first academic year pandemic. results revealed higher values for mass index (p 0.002), waist circumference < 0.001), hip height ratios 0.001) than pandemic, particularly in case boys. On other hand, lower muscular observed girls Quantitative qualitative analysis did not detect relevant changes cardiorespiratory or > 0.05). Our suggested that constraints These be interest designing specific interventions oriented toward counteracting negative effects on fitness.

Language: Английский

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The Impact of COVID-19-Related Mitigation Measures on the Health and Fitness Status of Primary School Children in Austria: A Longitudinal Study with Data from 708 Children Measured before and during the Ongoing COVID-19 Pandemic

Sports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(3), P. 43 - 43

Published: March 11, 2022

The COVID-19-related closing of schools and sport facilities resulted in major changes to daily routines worldwide. It was the aim this study investigate impact mitigation measures on health fitness status primary school children Austria. Seven hundred eight (7-10 years old) participated longitudinal study. Data height, weight, waist circumference, were collected before (September 2019) during course COVID-19 pandemic (June 20, September March 21, June 21). A significant increase EQUI BMIAUT (ηp2 = 0.087) 0.355) circumference found. Cardiorespiratory endurance 0.440) action speed 0.221) decreased dramatically following lockdowns/school closures. In contrast, muscle strength showed no changes. intended contain a communicable disease an acceleration pre-existing overweight obesity. adverse combination increasing BMI loss physical is likely result long-term negative effects growing developing individuals. Health professionals should therefore not only support further observations "non-communicable disease" but also intervention programs reverse worrying side-effect COVID-19-associated containment policies.

Language: Английский

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“What Made My Eating Disorder Worse?” The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic from the Perspective of Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(5), P. 1242 - 1242

Published: March 1, 2023

(1) Background: the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequent confinements have led to a dramatic increase in anorexia nervosa (AN) adolescent patients, whereas effect on symptom severity influencing factors are not yet clear, especially from adolescents' perspective. (2) Methods: February October 2021, 38 patients with AN completed an adjusted version of COVID Isolation Eating Scale (CIES), self-report questionnaire asking for ED symptomatology before during their experiences remote treatment. (3) Results: reported significant negative impact confinement symptoms, depression, anxiety, emotional regulation. During pandemic, engagement weight body image was related social media, mirror checking increased. The were more preoccupied cooking recipes had eating-related conflicts parents. However, differences amount media actively glorifying did remain after correction multiple comparisons. minority who received treatment found it be only limitedly helpful. (4) Conclusions: patients' perspective, pandemic-associated detrimental symptoms AN.

Language: Английский

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Associations Between Changes in 24-Hour Movement Behaviors in Children and Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review and Mediation-Based Meta-Analysis

Journal of Physical Activity and Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 21(4), P. 323 - 332

Published: Jan. 9, 2024

Although 24-hour movement behaviors are known to be interconnected, limited knowledge exists about whether change in one behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic (eg, increased screen time) was associated with another reduced physical activity or sleep). This review estimates mediational associations between changes children's activity, time, and sleep pandemic.

Language: Английский

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