Functional effects of human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs)

Gut Microbes, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: March 17, 2023

Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are the third most important solid component in human and act tandem with other bioactive components. Individual HMO levels distribution vary greatly between mothers by multiple variables, such as secretor status, race, geographic region, environmental conditions, season, maternal diet, weight, gestational age mode of delivery. HMOs improve gastrointestinal barrier also promote a bifidobacterium-rich gut microbiome, which protects against infection, strengthens epithelial barrier, creates immunomodulatory metabolites. fulfil variety physiologic functions including potential support to immune system, brain development, cognitive function. Supplementing infant formula is safe promotes healthy development revealing benefits for microbiota composition infection prevention. Because limited data comparing effect non-human HMOs, it not known if offer an additional clinical benefit over oligosaccharides. Better knowledge factors influencing their will help understand short- long-term benefits.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Diet and Nutritional Interventions for the Infant Gut Microbiome

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(3), P. 400 - 400

Published: Jan. 30, 2024

The infant gut microbiome plays a key role in the healthy development of human organism and appears to be influenced by dietary practices through multiple pathways. First, maternal diet during pregnancy nutrition significantly influence microbiota. Moreover, breastfeeding fosters proliferation beneficial bacteria, while formula feeding increases microbial diversity. timing introducing solid foods also influences microbiota composition. In preterm infants is factors, including time since birth intake breast milk, interventions such as probiotics prebiotics supplementation show promising results reducing morbidity mortality this population. These findings underscore need for future research understand long-term health impacts these further strategies enrich formula-fed infants.

Language: Английский

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Linking human milk oligosaccharide metabolism and early life gut microbiota: bifidobacteria and beyond

Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 88(1)

Published: Jan. 11, 2024

SUMMARY Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) are complex, multi-functional glycans present in human breast milk. They represent an intricate mix of heterogeneous structures which reach the infant intestine intact form as they resist gastrointestinal digestion. Therefore, confer a multitude benefits, directly and/or indirectly, to developing neonate. Certain bifidobacterial species, being among earliest gut colonizers breast-fed infants, have adapted functional capacity metabolize various HMO structures. This ability is typically observed infant-associated bifidobacteria, opposed bifidobacteria associated with mature microbiota. In recent years, information has been gleaned regarding how these well certain other taxa able assimilate HMOs, including mechanistic strategies enabling their acquisition and consumption. Additionally, complex metabolic interactions occur between microbes facilitated by utilization breakdown products released from degradation. Interest HMO-mediated changes microbial composition function focal point numerous studies, times fueled availability individual biosynthetic some now commonly included formula. this review, we outline main assimilatory catabolic employed discuss that exhibit glycan degradation capacity, cover HMO-supported cross-feeding related metabolites described thus far.

Language: Английский

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Role of Bifidobacterium in Modulating the Intestinal Epithelial Tight Junction Barrier: Current Knowledge and Perspectives

Current Developments in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 7(12), P. 102026 - 102026

Published: Oct. 30, 2023

The intestinal tight junction (TJ) barrier is a crucial defense mechanism that prevents the passage of content into wall, tissue, and systemic circulation. A compromised TJ has been identified as significant factor in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), necrotizing enterocolitis, other gut-related conditions. Recent studies have revealed importance probiotic bacterial strains Bifidobacterium protecting against inflammation IBD pathogenesis via regulation function. Numerous species found to regulate proteins signaling pathways responsible for maintaining integrity permeability. In this review, we provide summary recent highlight regulatory role strain effect on barrier. We also discuss intracellular mechanisms involved modulation potential therapeutic efficacy targeting function inflammation.

Language: Английский

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Therapeutic Potential of Gut Microbiota and Its Metabolite Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Life, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 561 - 561

Published: Feb. 16, 2023

Short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), the principle end-products produced by anaerobic gut microbial fermentation of complex carbohydrates (CHO) in colon perform beneficial roles metabolic health. Butyrate, acetate and propionate are main SCFA metabolites, which maintain homeostasis host immune responses, enhance barrier integrity reduce inflammation via a range epigenetic modifications DNA/histone methylation underlying these effects. The infant microbiota composition is characterized higher abundances SCFA-producing bacteria. A large number vitro/vivo studies have demonstrated therapeutic implications bacteria inflammatory diseases, such as obesity asthma, but application its metabolite SCFAs to necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), an acute necrosis distal small intestine/colon affecting premature newborns, scarce. Indeed, health effects attributed neonatal NEC still be understood. Thus, this literature review aims summarize available evidence on potential using PubMed/MEDLINE database.

Language: Английский

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Human Breast Milk: The Role of Its Microbiota and Metabolites in Infant Health

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 72(19), P. 10665 - 10678

Published: May 1, 2024

This review explores the role of microorganisms and metabolites in human breast milk their impact on neonatal health. Breast serves as both a primary source nutrition for newborns contributes to development maturation digestive, immunological, neurological systems. It has potential reduce risks infections, allergies, asthma. As our understanding properties advances, there is growing interest incorporating its benefits into personalized infant strategies, particularly situations which breastfeeding not an option. Future formula products are expected emulate composition advantages milk, aligning with evolving nutrition. The long-term health implications still under investigation.

Language: Английский

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Developmental Programming of the Fetal Immune System by Maternal Western-Style Diet: Mechanisms and Implications for Disease Pathways in the Offspring

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(11), P. 5951 - 5951

Published: May 29, 2024

Maternal obesity and over/undernutrition can have a long-lasting impact on offspring health during critical periods in the first 1000 days of life. Children born to mothers with reduced immune responses stimuli which increase susceptibility infections. Recently, maternal western-style diets (WSDs), high fat simple sugars, been associated skewing neonatal cell development, recent evidence suggests that dysregulation innate immunity early life has long-term consequences metabolic diseases behavioral disorders later Several factors contribute abnormal tolerance or trained immunity, including changes gut microbiota, metabolites, epigenetic modifications. Critical knowledge gaps remain regarding mechanisms whereby these fetal postnatal especially precursor stem cells bone marrow liver. Components microbiota are transferred from consuming WSD their understudied identifying cause effect adaptive development needs be refined. Tools single-cell RNA-sequencing, analysis, spatial location specific liver for understanding system programming. Considering vital role function plays health, it will important understand how control developmental programming immunity.

Language: Английский

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Breastfeeding and Health Benefits for the Mother-Infant Dyad: A Perspective on Human Milk Microbiota

Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 13

Published: Feb. 6, 2025

Background:: Current scientific research on breastfeeding provides substantial evidence of its numerous positive impacts, not only for children in both the short and long term but also mothers who engage breastfeeding. Summary:: In addition to gold standard effect human milk infant nutrition, is associated with a lower incidence infections, reduced infant/childhood mortality, necrotizing enterocolitis, obesity during childhood later life, better cognitive performance, higher IQ score. For mothers, prolongs lactational amenorrhea, may facilitate postpartum weight loss, reduce breast ovarian cancers cardiovascular diseases. Breastfeeding can play beneficial role preventing antibiotic resistance, which global concern across all age groups. Implementing exclusive infants has potential enhance child development decrease healthcare expenses, leading economic savings individual families society. Human biologically active food that functions as prebiotic probiotic because oligosaccharides composition microbiota, act synergistic synbiotics.

Language: Английский

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A Long-Chain Dextran Produced by Weissella cibaria Boosts the Diversity of Health-Related Gut Microbes Ex Vivo

Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 51 - 51

Published: Jan. 18, 2024

Long-chain dextrans are α-glucans that can be produced by lactic acid bacteria. NextDextTM, a specific long-chain dextran with high degree of polymerisation, using Weissella cibaria, was recently shown to exert prebiotic potential in vitro. In this study, the ex vivo SIFR® technology, validated provide predictive insights into gut microbiome modulation down species level, used investigate effects on microbiota six human adults altogether covered different enterotypes. A novel community score (CMS) introduced based strength quantitative 16S rRNA gene sequencing and highly controlled conditions. This CMS overcomes limitations traditional α-diversity indices its application current study revealed is potent booster microbial diversity compared reference inulin (IN). not only exerted bifidogenic but also consistently promoted Bacteroides spp., Parabacteroides distasonis butyrate-producing like Faecalibacterium prausnitzii Anaerobutyricum hallii. Further, treatment resulted lower gas production IN, suggesting could better tolerated. The additional increase for IN likely related higher propionate:acetate ratio, attributing improving metabolic health weight management. Moreover, stimulation butyrate suggests barrier function inflammation. Overall, provides tool assessing positions as substrate has unique enhancing properties.

Language: Английский

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A synbiotic of Anaerostipes caccae and lactulose prevents and treats food allergy in mice

Cell Host & Microbe, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 32(7), P. 1163 - 1176.e6

Published: June 20, 2024

Language: Английский

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