The Effects of the Mediterranean Diet on Health and Gut Microbiota

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(9), P. 2150 - 2150

Published: April 29, 2023

The Mediterranean Diet (MD) is plant-based and consists of multiple daily portions vegetables, fruit, cereals, olive oil. Although there are challenges with isolating the MD from typical lifestyle culture (including prolonged ‘social’ meals siestas), much evidence supports health benefits that include improved longevity, reduced metabolic risk Diabetes Mellitus, obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, malignancy cardiovascular disease, cognitive function. also associated characteristic modifications to gut microbiota, mediated through its constituent parts (primarily dietary fibres, extra virgin oil, polyunsaturated fatty acids [including ω-3]). These enhanced growth species produce short-chain (butyrate), such as Clostridium leptum Eubacterium rectale, Bifidobacteria, Bacteroides, Faecalibacterium prausnitzii species, Firmicutes Blautia species. Such changes in microbiota known be favourably inflammatory oxidative status, propensity for overall health. A key challenge future explore extent which by microbiota. confers both environmental benefits. Adoption should perhaps encouraged facilitated more generally not just restricted populations regions. However, this approach limited perennial availability some non-Mediterranean regions, intolerability a high-fibre diet people, potential cultural disconnects juxtapose traditional Western) diets MD.

Language: Английский

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Resveratrol as a Promising Nutraceutical: Implications in Gut Microbiota Modulation, Inflammatory Disorders, and Colorectal Cancer

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(6), P. 3370 - 3370

Published: March 16, 2024

Natural products have been a long-standing source for exploring health-beneficial components from time immemorial. Modern science has had renewed interest in natural-products-based drug discovery. The quest new potential secondary metabolites or enhanced activities existing molecules remains pertinent topic research. Resveratrol belongs to the stilbenoid polyphenols group that encompasses two phenol rings linked by ethylene bonds. Several plant species and foods, including grape skin seeds, are primary of this compound. is known possess potent anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, immunoregulatory properties. Among notable bioactivities associated with resveratrol, its pivotal role safeguarding intestinal barrier highlighted capacity prevent inflammation regulate gut microbiome. A better understanding how oxidative stress can be controlled using resveratrol capability protect microbiome perspective shed more light on physiological conditions. Additionally, exhibits antitumor activity, proving cancer treatment prevention. Moreover, cardioprotective, vasorelaxant, phytoestrogenic, neuroprotective benefits also reported. pharmaceutical industry continues encounter difficulties administering owing inadequate bioavailability poor solubility, which must addressed simultaneously. This report summarizes currently available literature unveiling pharmacological effects resveratrol.

Language: Английский

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Emerging roles of SIRT1 activator, SRT2104, in disease treatment

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: March 6, 2024

Abstract Silent information regulator 1 (SIRT1) is a NAD + -dependent class III deacetylase that plays important roles in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, positioning it as prime candidate for therapeutic intervention. Among its modulators, SRT2104 emerges most specific small molecule activator SIRT1, currently advancing into clinical translation phase. The primary objective this review to evaluate emerging SRT2104, and explore potential agent various diseases. In present review, we systematically summarized findings from an extensive array literature sources including progress application disease treatment molecular mechanisms by reviewing published databases such PubMed, Web Science, World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. We focuses on strides made employing treatment, elucidating underpinnings based preclinical research data. reveal potent SIRT1 activator, holds considerable potential, particularly modulating metabolic longevity-related pathways. This establishes leading with significant promise.

Language: Английский

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Deciphering the Power of Resveratrol in Mitophagy: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutic Applications

Phytotherapy Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 4, 2025

Resveratrol (RES), a natural polyphenolic compound, has garnered significant attention for its therapeutic potential in various pathological conditions. This review explores how RES modulates mitophagy-the selective autophagic degradation of mitochondria essential maintaining cellular homeostasis. promotes the initiation and execution mitophagy by enhancing PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitochondrial clearance, reducing reactive oxygen species production, mitigating apoptosis, thereby preserving integrity. Additionally, regulates through activation key molecular targets such as AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mechanistic target rapamycin (mTOR), deacetylases (SIRT1 SIRT3), quality control (MQC) pathways, demonstrating substantial effects multiple disease models. We provide detailed account biosynthetic pharmacokinetics, metabolic characteristics RES, focusing on role modulation implications medical applications. Potential adverse associated with clinical use are also discussed. Despite promising properties, application is limited issues bioavailability pharmacokinetic profiles. Future research should concentrate developing derivatives that precisely modulate mitophagy, unlocking new avenues therapy.

Language: Английский

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Resveratrol as a privileged molecule with antioxidant activity

Food Chemistry Advances, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 3, P. 100539 - 100539

Published: Nov. 21, 2023

Oxidative stress has a significant impact on the occurrence of many chronic diseases. Antioxidants have ability to prevent, postpone or treat effects free radicals. Resveratrol is polyphenol from class stilbenes. The importance this compound determined by its numerous biological properties. strong antioxidant potential special significance, because way it acts in prevention and treatment action direct, inhibiting production reactive species, indirect, influencing activity enzymes. In case analyzing known methods, was observed that RSV had higher capacity than standard used. Also, vitro vivo studies demonstrate neurodegenerative, cardiovascular renal addition, active preeclampsia infertility. An important aspect fact reduce counteract adverse some anticancer agents.

Language: Английский

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Isoxanthohumol improves obesity and glucose metabolism via inhibiting intestinal lipid absorption with a bloom of Akkermansia muciniphila in mice

Molecular Metabolism, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 77, P. 101797 - 101797

Published: Sept. 12, 2023

Polyphenols have health-promoting effects, such as improving insulin resistance. Isoxanthohumol (IX), a prenylated flavonoid found in beer hops, has been suggested to reduce obesity and resistance; however, the mechanism remains unknown.High-fat diet-fed mice were administered IX. We analyzed glucose metabolism, gene expression profiles histology of liver, epididymal adipose tissue colon. Lipase activity, fecal lipid plasma metabolomic analysis assessed. Fecal 16s rRNA sequencing was obtained selected bacterial species used for vitro studies. microbiota transplantation monocolonization conducted antibiotic-treated or germ-free (GF) mice.The administration IX lowered weight gain, decreased steatohepatitis improved metabolism. Mechanistically, inhibited pancreatic lipase activity absorption by decreasing fatty acid transporter CD36 small intestine, which confirmed increased excretion feces. markers intestinal barrier function, including thickening mucin layer increasing caludin-1, tight-junction related protein In contrast, effects nullified antibiotics. As revealed using 16S sequencing, microbial community structure changed with significant increase abundance Akkermansia muciniphila IX-treated group. An anaerobic chamber study showed that selectively promoted growth A. while exhibiting antimicrobial against some Bacteroides Clostridium species. To further explore direct effect on we monocolonized either thetaiotaomicron GF mice. jejunum levels multiple classes acids determined analysis.Our demonstrated prevents enhances metabolism inhibiting dietary fat absorption. This is linked suppressing shifts composition, notably an muciniphila. These highlight new treatment strategies preventing metabolic syndrome boosting gut food components.

Language: Английский

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Destruction of the cellular antioxidant pool contributes to resveratrol‐induced senescence and apoptosis in lung cancer

Phytotherapy Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 37(7), P. 2995 - 3008

Published: March 3, 2023

Abstract Resveratrol (RES) has various pharmacological bioactivities and its anticancer effects in lung cancer have been proven. However, the underlying mechanisms of action RES remain unclear. This study focused on Nrf2‐mediated antioxidant systems RES‐treated cells. A549 H1299 cells were treated with concentrations at different times. decreased cell viability, inhibited proliferation, increased number senescent apoptotic a concentration‐ time‐dependent manner. Moreover, RES‐induced arrest G1 phase was accompanied by changes proteins (Bax, Bcl‐2, cleaved caspase 3). Furthermore, induced phenotype along senescence‐related markers (senescence‐associated β‐galactosidase activity, p21, p‐γH2AX). More importantly, prolonged exposure time concentration, intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) continuously accumulated, resulting decrease Nrf2 downstream response elements, including CAT, HO‐1, NQO1, SOD1. Meanwhile, ROS accumulation apoptosis reversed N‐acetyl‐ l ‐cysteine treatment. Taken together, these results suggest that disturb cellular homeostasis destroying pool to increase production. Our findings provide new perspective intervention cancer.

Language: Английский

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Pathophysiological-Based Nutritional Interventions in Cirrhotic Patients with Sarcopenic Obesity: A State-of-the-Art Narrative Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(3), P. 427 - 427

Published: Jan. 31, 2024

In recent decades, following the spread of obesity, metabolic dysfunction has come to represent leading cause liver disease. The classical clinical presentation cirrhotic patient has, therefore, greatly changed, with a dramatic increase in subjects who appear overweight or obese. Due an obesogenic lifestyle (lack physical activity and overall malnutrition, excess caloric intake together deficit proteins micronutrients), these patients frequently develop complex condition defined as sarcopenic obesity (SO). interplay between cirrhosis SO lies sharing multiple pathogenetic mechanisms, including malnutrition/malabsorption, chronic inflammation, hyperammonemia insulin resistance. presence worsens outcome patients, affecting morbidity mortality. International nutrition diseases societies strongly agree on recommending use food integral part healing process comprehensive management reduction intake, protein micronutrient supplementation sodium restriction. Based pathophysiological paths shared by SO, this narrative review aims highlight nutritional interventions currently advocated international guidelines, well provide hints possible role micronutrients nutraceuticals treatment multifaceted condition.

Language: Английский

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Autophagy alterations in obesity, type 2 diabetes, and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: the evidence from human studies

Internal and Emergency Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(5), P. 1473 - 1491

Published: July 6, 2024

Abstract Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved process that plays a pivotal role in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis and its impairment has been implicated pathogenesis various metabolic diseases including obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). This review synthesizes current evidence from human studies on autophagy alterations under these conditions. In most data point to upregulation during initiation phase autophagosome formation, potentially response proinflammatory conditions adipose tissue. Autophagosome formation appears be enhanced hyperglycemic or insulin-resistant patients with T2D, possibly acting as compensatory mechanism eliminate damaged organelles proteins. Other have proposed prolonged hyperglycemia disrupted insulin signaling hinder autophagic flux, resulting accumulation dysfunctional components can contribute β-cell dysfunction. Evidence MASLD supports inhibition progression. Nevertheless, given available data, it difficult ascertain whether suppressed because levels markers depend overall metabolism specific organs, tissues, experimental conditions, duration. Owing constraints, determining observed shifts activity precede result remains challenging. Additionally, autophagy-modulating strategies are shortly discussed. To conclude, more investigating required gain comprehensive understanding unveil novel therapeutic for

Language: Английский

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Clinically Effective Molecules of Natural Origin for Obesity Prevention or Treatment

Published: Jan. 31, 2024

The prevalence and incidence of obesity the comorbidities linked to it are increasing in world population. Current therapies for associated pathologies have proven cause a broad number adverse effects often, they overpriced or not affordable all patients. Among alternatives currently available, natural bioactive compounds stand out. These frequently contained pharmaceutical presentations, nutraceutical products, supplements, functional foods. clinical evidence these molecules is increasingly solid, among which epigallocatechin-3-gallate, ellagic acid, resveratrol, berberine, anthocyanins, probiotics, carotenoids, curcumin, silymarin, hydroxy citric α-lipoic acid molecular mechanisms signaling pathways been shown interact with endocrine, nervous, gastroenteric systems, as well regulate expression multiple genes and, therefore, proteins involved starvation-satiety processes, activation brown adipose tissue, increased lipolysis, decreased lipogenesis, inflammation, beneficial changes metabolism improved insulin sensitivity. This review provides comprehensive view nature-based therapeutic options address obesity. It offers valuable perspective future research subsequent practice, addressing everything from molecular, genetic, physiological bases study compound.

Language: Английский

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