Protective Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on COVID-19-Related Intensive Care Hospitalization and Mortality: Definitive Evidence from Meta-Analysis and Trial Sequential Analysis

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(1), P. 130 - 130

Published: Jan. 16, 2023

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic represents one of the world’s most important challenges for global public healthcare. Various studies have found an association between severe vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19-related outcomes. Vitamin plays a crucial role in immune function inflammation. Recent data suggested protective health purpose this meta-analysis trial sequential analysis (TSA) was to better explain strength supplementation risk mortality admission intensive care units (ICUs) patients with COVID-19. Methods: We searched four databases on 20 September 2022. Two reviewers screened randomized clinical trials (RCTs) assessed bias, independently duplicate. pre-specified outcomes interest were ICU admission. Results: identified 78 bibliographic citations. After reviewers’ screening, only five RCTs be suitable our analysis. performed meta-analyses then TSAs. administration results decreased death (standardized mean difference (95% CI): 0.49 (0.34–0.72) 0.28 (0.20–0.39), respectively). TSA showed that, since pooling reached definite sample size, positive is conclusive. that z-curve inside alpha boundaries, indicating need further studies. Discussion: respective TSAs suggest definitive hospitalization.

Language: Английский

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Infections and Autoimmunity—The Immune System and Vitamin D: A Systematic Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(17), P. 3842 - 3842

Published: Sept. 2, 2023

Both 25-autoimmunity and(25(OH)D: calcifediol) and its active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2D: calcitriol), play critical roles in protecting humans from invasive pathogens, reducing risks of autoimmunity, maintaining health. Conversely, low 25(OH)D status increases susceptibility to infections developing autoimmunity. This systematic review examines vitamin D’s mechanisms effects on enhancing innate acquired immunity against microbes preventing The study evaluated the quality evidence regarding biology, physiology, aspects human health related autoimmunity peer-reviewed journal articles published English. search analyses followed PRISMA guidelines. Data strongly suggested that serum concentrations more than 50 ng/mL is associated with significant risk reduction viral bacterial infections, sepsis, Most adequately powered, well-designed, randomized controlled trials sufficient duration supported substantial benefits D. Virtually all studies failed conclude or were ambiguous had major design errors. Treatment deficiency costs less 0.01% cost investigation worsening comorbidities hypovitaminosis Despite cost-benefits, prevalence remains high worldwide. was clear among those who died COVID-19 2020/21—most severe deficiency. Yet, lack direction agencies insurance companies using as an adjunct therapy astonishing. confirmed keeping individual’s above (125 nmol/L) (and 40 population) reduces community outbreaks, autoimmune disorders. Maintaining such 97.5% people achievable through daily safe sun exposure (except countries far equator during winter) taking between 5000 8000 IU supplements (average dose, for non-obese adults, ~70 90 IU/kg body weight). Those gastrointestinal malabsorption, obesity, medications increase catabolism a few other specific disorders require much higher intake. evaluates non-classical actions D, particular emphasis infection immune system.

Language: Английский

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The Power of Vitamin D: Is the Future in Precision Nutrition through Personalized Supplementation Plans?

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(8), P. 1176 - 1176

Published: April 15, 2024

In the last few decades, vitamin D has undeniably been one of most studied nutrients. Despite our ability to produce through sunlight exposure, its presence in several natural food sources and fortified foods, widespread availability as a dietary supplement, deficiency is serious public health problem, affecting nearly 50% global population. Low serum levels are being associated with increased susceptibility numerous conditions, including respiratory infections, mental health, autoimmune diseases, different cancer types. Although association between status well-established, exact beneficial effects still inconclusive indefinite, especially when considering prevention treatment conditions determination an appropriate dosage exert those various population groups. Therefore, further research needed. With constant improvements understanding individual variations metabolism requirements, future, precision nutrition personalized supplementation plans could prove beneficial.

Language: Английский

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Pharmacological evaluation of vitamin D in COVID-19 and long COVID-19: recent studies confirm clinical validation and highlight metformin to improve VDR sensitivity and efficacy

Inflammopharmacology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 32(1), P. 249 - 271

Published: Nov. 13, 2023

Abstract Nearly four years after its first appearance, and having gone from pandemic to endemic, the SARS-CoV-2 remains out of control globally. The purpose this study was evaluate clinical efficacy vitamin D (VD) in COVID-19 long COVID-19, explain discrepancy outcomes highlight potential impact metformin on VD recent articles. Articles January 2022 August 2023 were selected for review. objective achieved by reviewing, analyzing, discussing articles demonstrating (1) mechanism action (2) observational or randomized trials (RCTs) that support not beneficial effects COVID. (3) genetic non-genetic reasons variation VD. collected electronic databases such as PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Egyptian Knowledge Bank, Science Direct, Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews. Twenty three studies conducted vitro animal models indicated may act through protecting respiratory system antimicrobial peptide cathelicidins, reducing lung inflammation, regulating innate adaptive immune functions up regulation autophagy gene activity. Our review identified 58 met criteria. number publications supporting a activity treating 49 (86%), including 12 meta-analyses. Although total patients included all 14,071,273, role 14,029,411 (99.7%). Collectively, extensive decisive relationship between low levels severity mortality outcomes. Importantly, evidence intervention has demonstrated effectiveness supplements COVID-19. Furthermore, results 4 supported alleviating symptoms disease. However, eight RCTs one meta-analysis contain low-grade against Twenty-five have addressed association VDR DBP polymorphisms treatment failure Impaired signaling underlie variability mechanisms. Interestingly, studies, therapeutic possibly improving AMPK enhancing In conclusion, been significantly strengthened over past 18 months, with several meta-analyses reporting conclusive supplementation highlighting improve sensitivity

Language: Английский

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Decoding the paradox: Understanding Elevated Hospitalization and Reduced Mortality in SARS-CoV-2 Variants

International Journal of Frontiers in Science and Technology Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6(2), P. 001 - 020

Published: April 6, 2024

Introduction and aim: SARS-CoV-2 outbreaks occur cyclically, aligning with winter when vitamin D levels are lowest, except after new variant outbreaks. Adequate is crucial for robust immune function. Hypovitaminosis diminishes responses, increasing susceptibility to viral infections. The manuscript explores the discrepancy between increased hospitalizations lower mortality. Method​: mutants, including Delta, BQ, XBB Omicron lineages, developed evasion capabilities, reducing effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines bivalent boosters. failure prevent infections spread others, coupled exhibited by mutant viruses, contributed continued Interestingly, dominant despite their transmissibility, have caused fewer deaths. This article scrutinizes mentioned incongruity through an analysis published data. Results: Achieving herd immunity eradicating has proven elusive due ongoing mutagenesis evasion, leading recurrent approve repurposed early therapies regulators, as well misinformation weak strategies undertaken health authorities, exacerbated situation. Repurposed agents, ivermectin, demonstrated high efficacy against from beginning, remain unaffected mutations. Despite cost-effectiveness widespread availability, regulatory approval these generic agents in treatment pending. Conclusion: Regulators hesitated cost-effective, primarily safeguard temporary status anti-viral under Emergency Use Authorization, which persists. reluctance overlooked opportunity implement integrated approach alongside vaccines, potentially fatalities preventing outbreaks; this led eradicate becoming endemic. It imperative that regulators now reconsider approving affordable generics effectively control future Non-technical Importance (Lay Abstract) significantly bolster human system—deficiency compromises responses increases susceptibility, particularly viruses. While mutations like less severe, they more infectious adept at evading vaccines; thus, offer a limited spectrum protection duration. Primary reduced disease severity but failed spread, contributing Booster doses had little effect on virus paresis, thus should consider generic, ivermectin adjunct address challenge better prepare pandemics. Proactively integrating supplementation fortify system can mitigate vital outbreaks, alleviate hospital burdens, reduce healthcare costs.

Language: Английский

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Vitamin D Deficiency Meets Hill’s Criteria for Causation in SARS-CoV-2 Susceptibility, Complications, and Mortality: A Systematic Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(3), P. 599 - 599

Published: Feb. 6, 2025

Clinical trials consistently demonstrate an inverse correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D; calcifediol] levels and the risk of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 disease, complications, mortality. This systematic review (SR), guided by Bradford Hill’s causality criteria, analyzed 294 peer-reviewed manuscripts published December 2019 November 2024, focusing on plausibility, consistency, biological gradient. Evidence confirms that cholecalciferol (D3) calcifediol significantly reduce hospitalizations, mortality, with optimal effects above 50 ng/mL. While vitamin requires 3–4 days to act, shows within 24 h. Among 329 trials, only 11 (3%) showed no benefit due flawed designs. At USD 2/patient, D3 supplementation is far cheaper than hospitalization costs more effective standard interventions. SR establishes a strong relationship 25(OH)D vulnerability, meeting criteria. Vitamin infections, deaths ~50%, outperforming all patented, FDA-approved COVID-19 therapies. With over 300 confirming these findings, waiting for further studies unnecessary before incorporating them into clinical protocols. Health agencies scientific societies must recognize significance results incorporate prophylaxis early treatment protocols similar viral infections. Promoting safe sun exposure adequate communities maintain 40 ng/mL (therapeutic range: 40–80 ng/mL) strengthens immune systems, reduces hospitalizations deaths, lowers healthcare costs. When exceed 70 ng/mL, taking K2 (100 µg/day or 800 µg/week) alongside helps direct any excess calcium bones. The recommended dosage (approximately IU/kg body weight non-obese adult) 50–100 cost-effective disease prevention, ensuring health outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Unveiling the Interplay—Vitamin D and ACE-2 Molecular Interactions in Mitigating Complications and Deaths from SARS-CoV-2

Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(10), P. 831 - 831

Published: Oct. 16, 2024

The interaction of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with membrane-bound angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptors in epithelial cells facilitates viral entry into human cells. Despite this, ACE-2 exerts significant protective effects against coronaviruses by neutralizing viruses circulation and mitigating inflammation. While reduces expression, vitamin D increases it, counteracting virus's harmful effects. Vitamin D's beneficial actions are mediated through complex molecular mechanisms involving innate adaptive immune systems. Meanwhile, status [25(OH)D concentration] is inversely correlated severity, complications, mortality rates from COVID-19. This study explores which inhibits replication, including suppression transcription enzymes, reduced inflammation oxidative stress, increased expression antibodies antimicrobial peptides. Both hypovitaminosis elevate renin levels, rate-limiting step renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAS); it ACE-1 but expression. imbalance leads to elevated levels pro-inflammatory, pro-coagulatory, vasoconstricting peptide angiotensin-II (Ang-II), leading widespread It also causes membrane permeability, allowing fluid infiltrate soft tissues, lungs, vascular system. In contrast, sufficient suppress reducing RAS activity, lowering ACE-1, increasing levels. cleaves Ang-II generate Ang

Language: Английский

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Vitamin D intake and all-cause and cause-specific mortality in Japanese men and women: the Japan Public Health Center-based prospective study

European Journal of Epidemiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 38(3), P. 291 - 300

Published: Jan. 31, 2023

Abstract While higher circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations have been reported to be associated with decreased risk of all-cause mortality, evidence on dietary vitamin intake is limited and inconsistent. We investigated whether cause-specific mortality among Japanese adults. Participants were 42,992 men 50,693 women who responded the second survey Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study (1995–1998) followed up for through 2018. Dietary was ascertained using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Hazard ratios deaths from December 2018 estimated Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. During follow-up, we identified 22,630 deaths. Overall, third fourth quintiles, but not highest quintile, each significantly lower mortality. In subgroups characterized by low sunlight exposure, linearly increasing intake. The multivariable-adjusted (95% confidence intervals) versus lowest quintile 0.87 (0.79–0.95) in 0.88 (0.79–0.97) residents latitude areas. Lower also observed participants hypertension heart disease those calcium Higher ischemic stroke pneumonia individuals exposure or hypertension. Individuals potentially may benefit prevention premature death.

Language: Английский

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Effect of Vitamin D in Long COVID Patients

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(22), P. 7058 - 7058

Published: Nov. 13, 2023

Vitamin D deficiency has been studied in the context of acute coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), revealing associations with increased severity and mortality. Yet, influence vitamin on long COVID symptoms remains unknown. The purpose this study is to examine effect symptoms. Over period, 50,432 individuals within catchment area outpatient COVID-19 clinic tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 via PCR, 547 patients subsequently referred a specialized Post-COVID Clinic, 447 them enrolled study. Patient-reported paraclinical measures including were evaluated 442 patients. majority participants female (72%, n = 320/442). consumption alcohol number current smokers low. Low was observed 26% (n 115/442) patients, most commonly male (odds ratio (OR) 1.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.12, 2.79), p 0.014). Additionally, low correlated younger mean age 41 years (standard deviation (SD) 12) as opposed 48 (SD 13) normal levels (OR 0.96, CI (0.94, 0.97), < 0.001). While our population indicated potentially higher prevalence insufficiency compared general population, no significant differences symptom or scores between groups. In we found association

Language: Английский

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Serum 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D Levels in Children with Acute Respiratory Infections Caused by Respiratory Virus or Atypical Pathogen Infection

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(6), P. 1486 - 1486

Published: March 20, 2023

We aimed to clarify the involvement of vitamin D status in virus or atypical pathogens infection children with acute respiratory infections (ARIs). In this retrospective study, 295 patients ARIs were attacked by a single pathogen; 17 induced two pathogens, and 636 healthy included. Serum 25(OH)D levels all measured. Oropharyngeal samples for viruses studied polymerase chain reaction (PCR) reverse transcription-polymerase (RT-PCR). our studies, 58.98% single-infected subjects 76.47% co-infected had below recommended 50.0 nmol/L; mean 48.48 ± 19.91 nmol/L 44.12 12.78 nmol/L. Low serum remarkable one seven infected. These results significantly different from those group. There no significant differences between co-infection groups. severity among means levels. Female >6-year-old low more vulnerable pathogenic pathogens. However, may be related recovery ARIs. findings provide additional evidence development strategies prevent children.

Language: Английский

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