The Ketogenic Diet: The Ke(y) - to Success? A Review of Weight Loss, Lipids, and Cardiovascular Risk DOI Creative Commons
A Boal,

Kanonidou Christina

Journal of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 9(1), P. 052 - 057

Published: March 6, 2024

Background: Obesity remains a global epidemic with over 2.8 million people dying due to complications of being overweight or obese every year. The low-carbohydrate and high-fat ketogenic diet has rising popularity for its rapid weight loss potential. However, most studies have maximal 2-year follow-up, therefore long-term adverse events remain unclear including the risk Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD). Results: Based on current evidence PubMed Google Scholar, there is no strong indication advantageous loss, lipid profile, mortality. When comparing hypocaloric low-fat diet, may be faster until 6 months, however, this then appears equivalent. Ketogenic diets shown inconsistent Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) changes; perhaps from different saturated fat intake, dietary adherence, genetics. Case reports 2-4-fold elevation in LDL Familial hypercholesterolaemic patients which mostly reversed upon discontinuation. There also concern about possible increased ASCVD mortality: low (< 40%) carbohydrate intake been associated mortality, high fats, animal product consumption can increase trimethylamine N-oxide, cardioprotective foods are likely minimally ingested. Conclusion: short-term positive effects larger reductions. by 2 years significant differences cardiometabolic markers. Therefore, raises question, excluding those who critical need lose fast, worth potentially higher risks mortality while further awaited?

Language: Английский

Advances in the treatment of glioma-related signaling pathways and mechanisms by metformin DOI Creative Commons
Xingyuan Ma, Chao Sun, Xiao Ding

et al.

Frontiers in Oncology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Jan. 29, 2025

Metformin (MET) is a commonly used drug for the treatment of type 2 diabetes in department endocrinology. In recent years, due to few clinically effective options including glioma, some scholars have proposed possibility metformin and studies shown that has certain inhibitory effect on this tumor. This review explores multiple mechanisms through which exerts its antitumor effects, focusing signaling pathways such as AMPK/mTOR, ferroptosis, autophagy, apoptosis chloride ion channels (CLIC1). Metformin’s inhibition glioma proliferation involves complex cellular processes, mitochondrial dysfunction, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, modulation immune responses. Additionally, affects stem cells by inhibiting key pathways, STAT3, mTOR, AKT, altering tumor microenvironment. While preclinical suggest enhances radiosensitivity reduces recurrence, clinical application remains early stages, with further needed optimize dosing regimens understand full therapeutic potential. provides comprehensive analysis metformin’s molecular highlights potential novel strategy, especially treatment-resistant gliomas.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
Aurantio‐Obtusin Regulates Gut Microbiota and Serum Metabolism to Alleviate High‐Fat Diet‐Induced Obesity‐Associated Non‐Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Mice DOI Open Access
Zhen-Lin Li, Jin Yao,

Hua-Shan Zhao

et al.

Phytotherapy Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 14, 2025

ABSTRACT Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a progressive condition with limited effective treatments. This study investigated the therapeutic effects of Aurantio‐obtusin (AO), bioactive compound from Cassiae Semen , on obesity‐associated NAFLD. An obesity‐related NAFLD model was established in ApoE −/− mice fed high‐fat diet (HFD) for 24 weeks, AO administered during last 16 weeks. Mouse body weight, adipose tissue weights, serum lipid levels, hepatic steatosis, inflammatory damage, and colonic barrier integrity were evaluated. Gut microbial communities metabolic profiles analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing untargeted metabolomics. Hepatic metabolism‐related gene expression assessed molecular biology techniques. treatment significantly ameliorated HFD‐induced adiposity, hyperlipidemia, symptoms. It preserved intestinal integrity, modulated gut composition by enriching beneficial taxa, improved profiles. favorably adjusted metabolism upregulating PPARα CPT1A while downregulating SREBP1, FASN, SCD1. Correlation analysis revealed significant associations among composition, metabolites, indicators. AO's benefits might be attributed to its ability modulate community profile, enhance function, regulate expression. presents promising agent NAFLD, warranting further investigation into potential clinical applications.

Language: Английский

Citations

0
The Roles and Functions of Ergothioneine in Metabolic Diseases DOI

Tingting Wen,

Wanjing Chen,

F. Wang

et al.

The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 109895 - 109895

Published: March 1, 2025

Language: Английский

Citations

0
The Discovery of Gut Microbial Metabolites as Modulators of Host Susceptibility to Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity DOI Open Access
Hyun Woo Lee,

Xiaotong Yang,

Pei-Ru Jin

et al.

Drug Metabolism and Disposition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 52(8), P. 754 - 764

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

The mammalian gut microbiota plays diverse and essential roles in modulating host physiology. Key mediators determining the outcome of microbiota-host interactions are small molecule metabolites produced by microbiota. liver is organ massively exposed to microbial metabolites, it serves as nexus, maintaining healthy between host. At same time, primary target harmful metabolites. This review provides an up-to-date list identified increase or decrease susceptibility APAP-induced injury. Signaling pathways molecular factors involved progression hepatotoxicity well-established, we propose that mouse model excellent system for uncovering previously unknown function. Moreover, envision alter likely have broader implications other diseases. Significance Statement overview recent discoveries from investigating whether how modulates It focuses on bacterial interaction liver. also illustrates utility injury a identify with biological

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Syndrome: Relationships and Opportunities for New Therapeutic Strategies DOI Creative Commons

Emmanuel Henry Ezenabor,

Aishat Abimbola Adeyemi,

Oluyomi Stephen Adeyemı

et al.

Scientifica, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 2024(1)

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Since its discovery, numerous studies have shown the role of microbiota in well‐being and disease. The gut represents an essential factor that plays a multidirectional affects not just but also other parts body, including brain, endocrine system, humoral immune metabolic pathways, as well host‐microbiome interactions. Through comprehensive analysis existing literature using desktop research methodology, this review elucidates mechanisms by which dysbiosis contributes to dysfunction, obesity, dyslipidaemia, hypertension, atherosclerosis, hyperuricemia, hyperglycaemia. Furthermore, it examines bidirectional communication pathways between host metabolism, highlighting microbial‐derived metabolites, modulation, barrier integrity shaping homeostasis. Importantly, identifies promising therapeutic strategies targeting potential interventions for syndrome, probiotics, prebiotics, symbiotics, dietary modifications, faecal transplantation. By delineating interactions only advances our understanding disease pathophysiology underscores innovative microbiota‐based mitigate global burden syndrome associated complications.

Language: Английский

Citations

3
Gut Microbiome and the Role of Its Metabolites as Promoters or Inhibitors in Gastrointestinal Cancers DOI
Monica Profir,

Oana Alexandra Roşu,

Bogdan Gașpar

et al.

Interdisciplinary cancer research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Metabolic mediators: microbial-derived metabolites as key regulators of anti-tumor immunity, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy DOI Creative Commons

Shan Lu,

Chunling Wang,

Jingru Ma

et al.

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Sept. 16, 2024

The human microbiome has recently emerged as a focal point in cancer research, specifically anti-tumor immunity, immunotherapy, and chemotherapy. This review explores microbial-derived metabolites, emphasizing their crucial roles shaping fundamental aspects of treatment. Metabolites such short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO), Tryptophan take the spotlight, underscoring diverse origins functions profound impact on host immune system. focus is SCFAs’ remarkable ability to modulate responses, reduce inflammation, enhance immunity within intricate tumor microenvironment (TME). critically evaluates TMAO, intricately tied dietary choices gut microbiota composition, assessing its implications for susceptibility, progression, immunosuppression. Additionally, involvement tryptophan other amino acid metabolites responses discussed, highlighting influence checkpoints, immunosuppression, immunotherapy effectiveness. examination extends dynamic interaction with chemotherapy, potential alter treatment protocols optimize outcomes patients. A comprehensive understanding role therapy attained by exploring impacts drug metabolism, therapeutic resistance development. In conclusion, this underscores pivotal contributions regulating chemotherapy outcomes. By illuminating interactions between these therapy, article enhances our biology, paving way development more effective options ongoing battle against cancer.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds Produced by the Intestinal Microbiota and Cardiovascular Disease DOI Open Access
Lorena Cuervo, Patrick L. McAlpine, Carlos Olano

et al.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(19), P. 10397 - 10397

Published: Sept. 27, 2024

Cardiovascular disease is the main cause of mortality in industrialized countries, with over 500 million people affected worldwide. In this work, roles low-molecular-weight metabolites originating from gut microbiome, such as short-chain fatty acids, hydrogen sulfide, trimethylamine, phenylacetic acid, secondary bile indoles, different gases, neurotransmitters, vitamins, and complex lipids, are discussed relation to their CVD-promoting or preventing activities. Molecules mixed microbial human hepatic origin, trimethylamine N-oxide phenylacetylglutamine, also presented. Finally, dietary agents cardioprotective effects, probiotics, prebiotics, mono- poly-unsaturated carotenoids, polyphenols, discussed. A special emphasis given microbiota-modulating properties.

Language: Английский

Citations

2
Trimethylamine N-Oxide as a Potential Biomarker for Cardiovascular Disease: Its Association with Dietary Sources of Trimethylamine N-Oxide and Microbiota DOI
Yasemin Karaağaç

Eurasian Journal of Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 55(S1), P. 21 - 26

Published: Feb. 28, 2024

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), the oxidized form of trimethylamine (TMA), was previously thought to be a waste product but is now considered an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and its comorbidities. Foods or supplements containing choline carnitine are major precursors TMA in diet metabolized by gut microbiota. produced through oxidation this compound flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) liver. The organ responsible removal TMAO from body fluids kidneys. Therefore, plasma levels influenced multiple complex factors, especially amount dietary sources diet, dominant genera microbiota, FMO3 enzyme activity, kidney functions. Among these, quantity microbiota can modifiable factors. However, discussions continue regarding how reach pathological their role (consequence cause) CVD. This review presents current scientific evidence on relationship underlying mechanisms between CVD provides overview association with such as precursors, sources,

Language: Английский

Citations

1
Vertical Transfer of Maternal Gut Microbes to Offspring of Western Diet-Fed Dams Drives Reduced Levels of Tryptophan Metabolites and Postnatal Innate Immune Response DOI Open Access

Kameron Y. Sugino,

Rachel C. Janssen, Rachel H. McMahan

et al.

Published: May 13, 2024

Maternal obesity and/or Western diet (WD) is associated with increased risk of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) in offspring, driven, part, by dysregulation the early life microbiome. Here, using a mouse model WD-induced maternal obesity, we demonstrate that exposure to disordered microbiome from WD-fed dams suppressed circulating levels endogenous ligands aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR; indole, indole-3-acetate) and TMAO (a product AHR-mediated transcription), as well hepatic expression Il10 (an AHR target), offspring at 3 weeks age. This signature was recapitulated fecal microbial transfer pregnant chow-fed germ-free (GF) lactating following parturition, reduced abundance Lactobacillus GF offspring. Further, downregulated myeloid cells LPS-stimulated bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDM) adult suggestive hypo-responsive, or tolerant, innate immune response. BMDMs mice lacking exhibited similar tolerogenic response, including diminished Il10. Overall, our study shows WD alters metabolites affect signaling, potentially contributing hypo-responsiveness progression MASLD, highlights impact gut dysbiosis on metabolism. Further investigations are warranted elucidate complex interplay between diet, function, development neonatal tolerance potential therapeutic interventions targeting these pathways.

Language: Английский

Citations

1