Sarcopenia and Cognitive Decline in Older Adults: Targeting the Muscle–Brain Axis

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(8), P. 1853 - 1853

Published: April 12, 2023

Declines in physical performance and cognition are commonly observed older adults. The geroscience paradigm posits that a set of processes pathways shared among age-associated conditions may also serve as molecular explanation for the complex pathophysiology frailty, sarcopenia, cognitive decline. Mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, metabolic alterations, declines cellular stemness, altered intracellular signaling have been muscle aging. Neurological factors included determinants sarcopenia. Neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) synapses bridging nervous skeletal systems with relevant role age-related musculoskeletal derangement. Patterns circulating neurotrophic associated frailty These mostly related to disarrangements protein-to-energy conversion well reduced calorie protein intake sustain mass. A link between sarcopenia decline adults has described possible muscle-derived mediators (i.e., myokines) mediating muscle–brain crosstalk. Herein, we discuss main mechanisms involved axis their implication An overview current behavioral strategies allegedly act on is provided.

Language: Английский

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Diet for the prevention and management of sarcopenia

Metabolism, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 146, P. 155637 - 155637

Published: June 21, 2023

Sarcopenia is a geriatric condition characterized by progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, with an increased risk adverse health outcomes (e.g., falls, disability, institutionalization, reduced quality life, mortality). Pharmacological remedies are currently unavailable for preventing the development sarcopenia, halting its progression, or impeding negative outcomes. The most effective strategies to contrast sarcopenia rely on adoption healthier lifestyle behaviors, including adherence high-quality diets regular physical activity. In this review, role nutrition in prevention management summarized. Special attention given current "blockbuster" dietary regimes agents used counteract age-related wasting, together their putative mechanisms action. Issues related design implementation nutritional discussed, focus unanswered questions appropriate timing interventions preserve function into old age. A brief description also provided new technologies that can facilitate personalized plans sarcopenia.

Language: Английский

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The role of the Mediterranean diet in reducing the risk of cognitive impairement, dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease: a meta-analysis

GeroScience, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 11, 2025

Abstract Age-related cognitive impairment and dementia pose a significant global health, social, economic challenge. While Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has historically been viewed as the leading cause of dementia, recent evidence reveals considerable impact vascular (VCID), which now accounts for nearly half all cases. The Mediterranean diet—characterized by high consumption fruits, vegetables, whole grains, fish, olive oil—has widely recognized its cardiovascular benefits may also reduce risk decline dementia. To investigate protective effects diet on we conducted systematic literature review using PubMed, Web Science, Google Scholar, focusing studies published between 2000 2024. included in meta-nalysis examined adherence to incidence AD. We applied random-effects model calculate pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) assessed heterogeneity through I -square statistics. Forest plots, funnel Z -score plots were used visualize study outcomes. Of 324 full-text records reviewed, 23 met inclusion criteria. combined HR among those adhering was 0.82 (95% CI 0.75–0.89); 0.89 0.83–0.95); AD, 0.70 0.60–0.82), indicating substantial effects. Significant observed across studies, though suggested sufficient sample sizes support reliable conclusions each condition. In conclusion, this meta-analysis confirms that is associated an 11–30% reduction age-related disorders, including impairment, These findings underscore diet’s potential central element neuroprotective public health strategies mitigate promote healthier aging.

Language: Английский

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Sarcopenia in MASLD—Eat to Beat Steatosis, Move to Prove Strength

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(1), P. 178 - 178

Published: Jan. 2, 2025

The connections between sarcopenia and various chronic conditions, including type 2 diabetes (T2DM), metabolic syndrome (MetS), liver disease have been highlighted recently. There is also a high occurrence of in dysfunction-associated steatotic (MASLD) patients, who are often disregarded. Both experimental clinical findings suggest complex, bidirectional relationship MASLD sarcopenia. While vitamin D, testosterone, specific drug therapies show promise mitigating sarcopenia, consensus on effective treatments lacking. Recent focus lifestyle interventions emphasizes dietary therapy exercise for sarcopenic obesity MASLD. Challenges arise as weight loss, primary treatment, may lead to muscle mass reduction. therapeutic approach morbidly obese patients includes bariatric surgery (BS). BS induces loss stabilizes imbalances, but its impact nuanced, underscoring the need further research. Our aim provide comprehensive review interplay offer insight into most recent challenges discoveries, overlooked or unrecognized poses significant managing these patients.

Language: Английский

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Emerging Targets and Treatments for Sarcopenia: A Narrative Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(19), P. 3271 - 3271

Published: Sept. 27, 2024

Sarcopenia is characterized by the progressive loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function, significantly impacting overall health quality life in older adults. This narrative review explores emerging targets potential treatments for sarcopenia, aiming to provide a comprehensive overview current prospective interventions.

Language: Английский

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Engagement in Aerobic Exercise Is Associated with a Reduced Prevalence of Sarcopenia and Severe Sarcopenia in Italian Older Adults

Journal of Personalized Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(4), P. 655 - 655

Published: April 11, 2023

The present study was conducted to test the association between adherence specific exercise modalities and sarcopenia severity in Italian older adults. Data were collected as part of ongoing Longevity Check-Up 7+ (Lookup 7+) project. Lookup began June 2015 has since been unconventional settings (e.g., exhibitions, malls, social events) throughout Italy. In study, we used data on adults 65 years older. Sarcopenia identified according simultaneous presence dynapenia low appendicular muscle mass. Muscle strength measured by isometric handgrip sit-to-stand (STS) testing. categorized severe if participants reported difficulty or inability walk 400 m. Engagement running and/or swimming (RS) training with without stretching (SS) define modalities. Analyses 3289 (mean age: 72.7 ± 5.7 years; 1814 women). results binary regression showed negative associations RS STS-based women, men. Collectively, these findings indicate that is negatively associated large sample relatively unselected

Language: Английский

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Accounting Gut Microbiota as the Mediator of Beneficial Effects of Dietary (Poly)phenols on Skeletal Muscle in Aging

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(10), P. 2367 - 2367

Published: May 18, 2023

Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of muscle mass and function increasing risk disability adverse outcomes in older people, is substantially influenced by dietary habits. Several studies from animal models aging wasting indicate that intake specific polyphenol compounds can be associated with myoprotective effects, improvements strength performance. Such findings have also been confirmed a smaller number human studies. However, gut lumen, polyphenols undergo extensive biotransformation microbiota into wide range bioactive compounds, which contribute to bioactivity on skeletal muscle. Thus, beneficial effects may consistently vary across individuals, depending composition metabolic functionality bacterial communities. The understanding such variability has recently improved. For example, resveratrol urolithin interaction produce different biological according metabotype. In frequently characterized dysbiosis, overrepresentation opportunistic pathogens, increased inter-individual variability, actions phenolic at level. These interactions should taken great consideration for designing effective nutritional strategies counteract sarcopenia.

Language: Английский

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Causal Roles of Lifestyle, Psychosocial Characteristics, and Sleep Status in Sarcopenia: A Mendelian Randomization Study

The Journals of Gerontology Series A, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 79(1)

Published: Aug. 3, 2023

Many studies reported that lifestyle, psychosocial characteristics, and sleep status related to sarcopenia, although few provided evidence of causal relationships between them.The data used in our study were from UK Biobank, FinnGen Release 8, large genome-wide association meta-analyses. Two-sample Mendelian randomization was conducted identify the associations 21 traits with 6 sarcopenia. Benjamini-Hochberg correction performed reduce bias caused by multiple tests. Risk factor analyses explore potential mechanism behind exposures.Mendelian after adjustment proved roles coffee intake, education years, smoking, leisure screen time, moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity during time sarcopenia proven providing no significant for carbohydrates protein alcohol, sarcopenia.Our results strongly support played significantly which may provide new intervention strategies preventing development

Language: Английский

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Association of Dietary Vegetable and Fruit Consumption with Sarcopenia: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(11), P. 1707 - 1707

Published: May 30, 2024

Previous studies have shown contradictory results regarding the association between vegetable and fruit consumption risk of sarcopenia. We aimed to evaluate this using a meta-analysis, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses guidelines. searched PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library through July 2023 related keywords. Pooled odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated based on random-effects model. included 14 observational 11 cross-sectional three cohort involving 6436 sarcopenias among 33,801 participants. Vegetable significantly associated reduced sarcopenia (OR, 0.61; CI, 0.48 0.79;

Language: Английский

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Nutrition in the prevention and treatment of skeletal muscle ageing and sarcopenia: a single nutrient, a whole food, and a whole diet approach

Proceedings of The Nutrition Society, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 1 - 16

Published: Oct. 17, 2024

Loss of skeletal muscle strength and mass (sarcopenia) is common in older adults associated with an increased risk disability, frailty premature death. Finding cost-effective prevention treatment strategies for sarcopenia the growing ageing population therefore great public health interest. Although nutrition considered important factor aetiology sarcopenia, its potential and/or still being evaluated. Nutrition research utilises three main approaches to understand muscle-nutrition relationships, evaluating: single nutrients, whole foods diet effects - both alone or combined exercise. Applying these approaches, we summarise recent evidence from qualitative quantitative syntheses findings observational intervention studies healthy adults, those sarcopenia. We consider protein supplements, (fruits vegetables) Mediterranean as exemplars. There some beneficial supplementation ≥ 0·8 g/kg body weight/d on when exercise training sarcopenic adults. In contrast, function (strength physical performance) inconclusive. reasonably consistent epidemiological suggesting benefits higher fruits vegetables consumption better performance. Similarly, adherence studies. However, are lacking. This review discusses how current may inform development preventive optimal nutritional policy aimed at combatting

Language: Английский

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