Association Between Vitamin D and COVID-19–Related Outcomes: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses

Nutrition Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Dec. 23, 2024

COVID-19 remains globally pandemic, and although several meta-analyses have explored the association between vitamin D relative to clinical outcomes, a unified view has not yet emerged. To summarize evidence for associations levels COVID-19-related outcomes assess strength validity of these associations. PubMed, Embase, Web Science, Scopus, Cochrane Database Systematic Reviews databases were searched from January 1, 2020, June 15, 2024. Two reviewers independently extracted data assessed study quality. Low increased risk infection by 1.26- 2.18-fold, severe illness 1.50- 5.57-fold, intensive care unit (ICU) admission more than 2-fold, death 1.22- 4.15-fold. In addition, patients with deficiency had an average increase in length hospital stay 0.54 days compared high levels. Overall, supplementation may reduce severity (eg, ICU admissions, need mechanical ventilation) shorter but nonsignificant effect on mortality rates. there significant differences individuals testing positive those negative (mean difference [MD] = -3.22 ng mL-1; 95% CI, -5.18 -1.25), cases mild (MD -4.60 -5.49 -3.71), nonsurvivors survivors -6.59 CI: -8.94 -4.24). are associated higher rates, disease, rates among COVID-19, whereas patients' disease severity. The beneficial effects remain be further explored, however, higher-quality, randomized controlled studies. Nonetheless, caution is warranted because methodological quality most level very low. PROSPERO registration No. CRD42022385036.

Language: Английский

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Klotho protein: A key modulator of aging and COVID-19 severity

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 139234 - 139234

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Vitamins K2 and D3 Improve Long COVID, Fungal Translocation, and Inflammation: Randomized Controlled Trial

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. 304 - 304

Published: Jan. 16, 2025

Background: Long COVID (LC) is characterized by persistent symptoms at least 3 months after a SARS-COV-2 infection. LC has been associated with fungal translocation, gut dysfunction, and enhanced systemic inflammation. Currently, there no approved treatment for this condition. The anti-inflammatory effect of vitamins K2 D3 was shown to help attenuate the course acute COVID-19 Objective hypothesis: This trial aims investigate effects K2/D3 on symptoms, as well inflammatory markers, in people established long COVID. Our hypothesis that attenuating inflammation, will improve symptoms. Methods: single-site randomized controlled study enrolled adults experiencing ≥2 moderate RECOVER Research Index number type were considered. Participants 2:1 daily 240 µg (pure MK-7 form) 2000 UI vitamin or standard care (SOC) 24 weeks. endpoints changes symptomatology select inflammatory, metabolic, biomarkers Results: We 151 participants (n = 98 received vit 53 SOC). median age 46 years; 71% female 29% non-white. Baseline demographics balanced between groups. At weeks, active group only had sharp increase 25(OH) D, indicating good adherence. In arm, 7.1% decrease proportion who an ≥12 (vs. 7.2% SOC group; p 0.01). average remained stable arm but increased (p 0.03). Additionally, reductions oxidized LDL, markers sTNF-RI sCD163, translocation marker (1,3)-β-d-glucan observed compared < 0.01) over Conclusions: Vitamins improved Index, several markers. provide promising safe intervention suffering from

Language: Английский

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Vitamin D Status and Incidence of SARS-CoV-2 Reinfections in the Borriana COVID-19 Cohort: A Population-Based Prospective Cohort Study

Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 10(4), P. 98 - 98

Published: April 6, 2025

A deficient vitamin D (VitD) status has been associated with SARS-CoV-2 infections, severity, and mortality. However, this related to reinfections studied little. Our aim was quantify the risk of considering VitD before reinfection. We performed a population-based prospective cohort study in Borriana (Valencia Community, Spain) during 2020-2023, measuring 25-hydroxyvitamin [25(OH)D] levels by electrochemiluminescence. Cox proportional hazards models were employed. Of total 644 cases confirmed laboratory tests, 378 (58.9%) included our study, an average age 38.8 years; 241 females (63.8%), 127 occurred (33.6%). reinfection incidence rates per 1000 person-days 0.50 for (<20 ng/mL), insufficient (20-29 0.37 sufficient (≥30 ng/mL). Compared status, adjusted hazard ratios 1.79 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.89-3.59) 1.59 CI 1.06-2.38) significant inverse dose-response (p = 0.02). These results can help improve nutritional actions against reinfections. suggest that lower than 30 ng/mL showed higher Achieving maintaining is recommended prevent

Language: Английский

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Herbal and Dietary Supplements as Adjunctive Treatment for Mild SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Italy

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. 230 - 230

Published: Jan. 9, 2025

During the COVID-19 pandemic, several observational studies proved a certain efficacy of nutraceuticals, herbal products, and other dietary supplements as adjuvant therapies used alongside antiviral drugs. Although their use has not been widespread in Italy, according to preliminary evidence, many with demonstrated immunomodulatory effects, such vitamins C D, medicines essential oils, might relieve respiratory symptoms COVID-19, since SARS-CoV-2 can activate inflammasome-mediated inflammatory signaling pathways. Other have shown that treatments, Echinacea purpurea ginseng, help alleviate reduce serum levels cytokines, which are typically overexpressed both adult pediatric patients. Further, D attenuate immune response thanks cytokine suppression ability known antimicrobial activity potential modulate T helper cell response. The strong triggered by infection is responsible for severity disease. Preliminary data also L-arginine, an endothelial-derived relaxing factor, able endothelial damage, appears be one main targets this systemic Finally, some oils isolated compounds, eucalyptol, may helpful reducing although others, menthol, recommended, it lead undervaluation clinical status patient. In narrative review, despite lack evidence field, we aimed give overview current available literature (mainly cross-sectional studies) regarding products treatment mild disease from infection. Obviously, do constitute standardized disease, but they could represent adjunctive useful when together antivirals.

Language: Английский

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Vitamin D Deficiency Meets Hill’s Criteria for Causation in SARS-CoV-2 Susceptibility, Complications, and Mortality: A Systematic Review

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 17(3), P. 599 - 599

Published: Feb. 6, 2025

Clinical trials consistently demonstrate an inverse correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D; calcifediol] levels and the risk of symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 disease, complications, mortality. This systematic review (SR), guided by Bradford Hill’s causality criteria, analyzed 294 peer-reviewed manuscripts published December 2019 November 2024, focusing on plausibility, consistency, biological gradient. Evidence confirms that cholecalciferol (D3) calcifediol significantly reduce hospitalizations, mortality, with optimal effects above 50 ng/mL. While vitamin requires 3–4 days to act, shows within 24 h. Among 329 trials, only 11 (3%) showed no benefit due flawed designs. At USD 2/patient, D3 supplementation is far cheaper than hospitalization costs more effective standard interventions. SR establishes a strong relationship 25(OH)D vulnerability, meeting criteria. Vitamin infections, deaths ~50%, outperforming all patented, FDA-approved COVID-19 therapies. With over 300 confirming these findings, waiting for further studies unnecessary before incorporating them into clinical protocols. Health agencies scientific societies must recognize significance results incorporate prophylaxis early treatment protocols similar viral infections. Promoting safe sun exposure adequate communities maintain 40 ng/mL (therapeutic range: 40–80 ng/mL) strengthens immune systems, reduces hospitalizations deaths, lowers healthcare costs. When exceed 70 ng/mL, taking K2 (100 µg/day or 800 µg/week) alongside helps direct any excess calcium bones. The recommended dosage (approximately IU/kg body weight non-obese adult) 50–100 cost-effective disease prevention, ensuring health outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Vitamin D: A Nutraceutical Supplement at the Crossroad Between Respiratory Infections and COVID-19

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 26(6), P. 2550 - 2550

Published: March 12, 2025

Even though in mid-2023 the World Health Organization declared end of public health emergency international concern status for COVID-19, many areas uncertainty about SARS-CoV-2 infection pathophysiology remain. Although last 4 years pharmaceutical industries widely invested development effective antiviral treatments and vaccines, large disparities their availability worldwide still exist, thus fostering investigation nutritional supplements as adjuvant therapeutic approaches disease management, especially resource-limited settings. During COVID-19 pandemic, vitamin D has been used an over-the-counter solution to improve evolution, thanks its known immunomodulatory anti-inflammatory actions. Ecological observational studies support a relationship between hypovitaminosis negative outcomes and, according this evidence, several research groups investigated role supplementation protecting from and/or improving evolution. This narrative review is intended offer insights into existing data on D’s biological effects respiratory infections, COVID-19. Furthermore, it will also brief overview complex interplay vaccine-elicited immune response, with special attention anti-COVID-19 vaccines.

Language: Английский

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Vitamin D deficiency in Ukraine: A multicentre cross-sectional study

Global Epidemiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 8, P. 100170 - 100170

Published: Oct. 10, 2024

Available epidemiological data on vitamin D status in the Ukrainian population are limited.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 in Children and Vitamin D

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(22), P. 12205 - 12205

Published: Nov. 14, 2024

In December 2019, the so-called “coronavirus disease 2019” (COVID-19) began. This is characterized by heterogeneous clinical manifestations, ranging from an asymptomatic process to life-threatening conditions associated with a “cytokine storm”. article (narrative review) summarizes epidemiologic characteristics and manifestations of COVID-19 multi-system inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). The effect pandemic confinement on vitamin D status hypotheses proposed explain age-related difference severity are discussed. role as critical regulator both innate adaptive immune responses cytokine storm analyzed. Vitamin its links (low levels appear worsen outcomes) (anti-inflammatory activity) detailed. Finally, efficacy supplementation evaluated, but evidence supporting adjuvant treatment for remains uncertain.

Language: Английский

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Klotho Deficiency in Severe COVID-19: A Unifying Hypothesis

COVID, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(12), P. 1833 - 1850

Published: Nov. 22, 2024

COVID-19 is characterized by a striking similarity to premature aging. Its clinical manifestations range from asymptomatic critical illness. No single central agent has been demonstrated so far. We present Klotho, an antiaging protein, as key factor in pathophysiology. There epidemiological evidence that both acute and chronic uses of Klotho agonists have beneficial effect reducing severity mortality. A review the PubMed epidemiological, clinical, mechanistic supports role for deficit determinant severe COVID-19. Clinical data support idea use protects against its may be beneficial. propose unifying hypothesis low levels play COVID-19, while increasing can through prevention kidney injury (AKI) potential antiviral effects. Further research needed.

Language: Английский

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