The Challenge of Overcoming Antibiotic Resistance in Carbapenem-Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria: “Attack on Titan”

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(8), P. 1912 - 1912

Published: July 27, 2023

The global burden of bacterial resistance remains one the most serious public health concerns. Infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria in critically ill patients require immediate empirical treatment, which may not only be ineffective due to MDR multiple classes antibiotics, but also contribute selection and spread antimicrobial resistance. Both WHO ECDC consider carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (CRPA), Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) highest priority. ability form biofilm acquisition drug genes, particular carbapenems, have made these pathogens particularly difficult treat. They are a growing cause healthcare-associated infections significant threat health, associated with high mortality rate. Moreover, co-colonization was found predictor for in-hospital mortality. Importantly, they potential using mobile genetic elements. Given current situation, it is clear that finding new ways combat can no longer delayed. aim this review evaluate literature on how AMR. highlights importance rational use antibiotics need implement stewardship principles prevent transmission drug-resistant organisms healthcare settings. Finally, discusses advantages limitations alternative therapies treatment “titans” antibiotic

Language: Английский

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Novel Antimicrobial Approaches to Combat Bacterial Biofilms Associated with Urinary Tract Infections

Antibiotics, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 154 - 154

Published: Feb. 4, 2024

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are prevalent bacterial in both community and healthcare settings. They account for approximately 40% of all require around 15% antibiotic prescriptions. Although antibiotics have traditionally been used to treat UTIs several decades, the significant increase resistance recent years has made many previously effective treatments ineffective. Biofilm on medical equipment settings creates a reservoir pathogens that can easily be transmitted patients. catheter frequently observed hospitals caused by microbes form biofilm after is inserted into bladder. Managing biofilms challenging due emergence resistance. Biofilms enable evade host’s innate immune defences, resulting long-term persistence. The incidence sepsis spread bloodstream increasing, drug-resistant may even more prevalent. While availability upcoming tests identify cause infection its spectrum critical, it alone will not solve problem; innovative treatment approaches also needed. This review analyses main characteristics formation drug recurrent uropathogen-induced UTIs. importance alternative therapies combatting biofilm-caused UTI emphasised.

Language: Английский

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Update on Urinary Tract Infection Antibiotic Resistance—A Retrospective Study in Females in Conjunction with Clinical Data

Life, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 106 - 106

Published: Jan. 9, 2024

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) represent a frequent pathology among the female population that has become more and difficult to treat in past decade, considering increase antibiotic resistance—a serious global public health problem. A cross-sectional retrospective study was conducted for six months report an update regarding rates of resistance susceptibility uropathogens necessary optimal treatment. total 5487 patients were screened, which 524 (9.54%) who met criteria inclusion study. Escherichia coli most common pathogen, representing 290 cases (55.34%), followed by Enterococcus spp. 82 (15.64%). presented highest amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (R = 33.1%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 32.41%) levofloxacin 32.06%). The sensitivity observed fosfomycin (S 96.55%), imipenem 93.1%). showed 50.0%), penicillin 39.02%). 90.24%), linezolid 89.02%), nitrofurantoin 86.58%). second Gram-negative uropathogen represented Klebsiella spp., had 35.89%), 25.64) trimethoprim-suflamethoxazole 24.35%). frequently associated episode UTI previous year, diabetes chronic kidney disease. Antibiotic is problem all clinicians UTIs. An up-to-date knowledge major necessity stop its evolution. Overall, aminopenicillins, fluoroquinolones, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. best fosfomycin, nitrofurantoin, carbapenems. Our aims guide whenever they are forced prescribe antibiotics empirically.

Language: Английский

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Novel technologies for the diagnosis of urinary tract infections

Journal of Clinical Microbiology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

ABSTRACT Urinary tract infections (UTIs) impose a substantial burden on patient quality of life and urine testing accounts for the majority workload in many clinical microbiology laboratories. Traditional UTI diagnosis relies symptoms, urinalysis, culture which are interpreted based historical guidelines. This approach, while foundational, presents limitations, particularly complex cases. Low-level bacteriuria presence fastidious organisms often overlooked or entirely missed standard culture, stressing need novel diagnostic methods technologies. mini-review summarizes existing state diagnostics 2024 covers current upcoming technologies including rapid molecular-based pathogen identification, next-generation sequencing, advanced antimicrobial susceptibility testing. However, these represent unique challenges, as they implemented, will require field to adapt new concepts avoid misdiagnosis overtreatment.

Language: Английский

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A Four-Year Study of Antibiotic Resistance, Prevalence and Biofilm-Forming Ability of Uropathogens Isolated from Community- and Hospital-Acquired Urinary Tract Infections in Southern Italy

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 59 - 59

Published: Jan. 11, 2025

The aim of this study was to investigate the differences between nosocomial and community microorganisms isolated from patients with UTI by determining their bacterial profile, antibiotic resistance ability produce biofilms. A retrospective study, based on isolates consecutive urine samples collected January 2019 December 2023, conducted at a university hospital. main pathogens both hospital were same, but frequency isolation differed. Compared community-associated cases, hospital-associated infections have more Acinetobacter baumanii complex. In contrast, Proteus mirabilis prevalent in than infections. isolates, gram-positive bacteria showed lower overall antimicrobial (22%) compared gram-negative (30%). data demonstrated that individual strains exhibited disparate degrees capacity for biofilm formation. Additionally, indicate an inverse correlation production resistance. Isolates capacities comparison (29% 35%, respectively). Area-specific surveillance studies can provide valuable information patterns, which be useful guiding empirical treatment.

Language: Английский

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Biosynthesized ZnO-CuO Nanocomposite for Biofilm Formation of Proteus mirabilisupon LuxS Gene Expression

Inorganics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 65 - 65

Published: Feb. 19, 2025

Proteus mirabilis has been identified as the third most frequent reason for catheter-associated urinary tract infections. The production of urease significantly enhances force catheter blockage caused by biofilm formation. Because biofilms are important virulence factors that make antibiotics less potent, it is becoming increasingly to develop novel alternative antibiotics. In addition unique properties they possess, nanoparticles made from metal oxide currently attracting considerable attention possible antibacterials. This research aims explore potential anti-biofilm green manufactured ZnO-CuO generated P. mirabilis. By synthesizing reductive enzymes, bacterial cells can participate in biosynthesis process. study explores whether synthesized work an agent formed These were using Bacteriocins determine their effectiveness against bacteria, which partially purified and showed antimicrobial activity Gram-negative bacteria AFM, TEM, FESEM, XRD, ultraviolet (UV)–visible spectroscopy used analyze biosynthesized ascertain chemical physical characteristics. XRD verified hexagonal structure, TEM demonstrated a size range 96.00 nm, FESEM surface morphology. dispersion roughness shown through AFM examination. produced nanoparticles’ UV-visible spectra displayed maximum peak at 287 232 nm. When applied strains (wild-type) (multidrug-resistant), copper zinc had notable inhibitory effects. Weak effectively generate biofilms, following incubation with 128 μg/mL subminimum concentrations (MICs) CuO 24 48 h 37 °C. Following treatment nanocomposite these strains, downregulation alterations LuxS expression detected utilizing real-time PCR After this, isolates treated nanocomposite, downregulated shifts found technique contrast not treated. Zinc (ZnO) be utilized antibacterial agents concentration-dependent manner, aligning all observed findings. present demonstrates oxide–zinc nanocomposites effective Their noteworthy gene successfully prevents formation swarming motility.

Language: Английский

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Use of Plant Extracts, Bee-Derived Products, and Probiotic-Related Applications to Fight Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens in the Post-Antibiotic Era

Future Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 3(3), P. 535 - 567

Published: July 4, 2023

The ‘post-antibiotic’ era is near according to the World Health Organization (WHO). It well known, due work of scientific community, that drugs (antibiotics, antifungals, and other antimicrobial agents) are continuously becoming less effective, multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens on rise. This scenario raises concerns an impending global infectious disease crisis, wherein a simple opportunistic infection could be deadly for humans. war against MDR requires innovation multidisciplinary approach. present study provides comprehensive coverage relevant topics concerning new drugs; it suggests combination different natural products (such as plant extracts, honey, propolis, prebiotics, probiotics, synbiotics, postbiotics), together with drug therapy, used adjuvant in standard treatments, thus allowing sensitivity restored, host immunity enhanced, clinical efficiency improved. Currently, developments genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics available research, which lead discovery generation antibiotics non-antibiotics. However, several areas their remain unclear. In effort advance therapies humankind, these gaps literature need addressed.

Language: Английский

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Lower Urinary Tract Disorders as Adverse Drug Reactions—A Literature Review

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(7), P. 1031 - 1031

Published: July 20, 2023

A potential complication of pharmacotherapy for a given patient is the possibility various side effects drugs, which are manifested in many ways and constitute iatrogenic causes diseases. Among systemic there also those involving urinary tract, although these less reported literature. The use numerous drugs—especially anticholinergics or drugs with anticholinergic potential, opioid analgesics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory antidepressants, first-generation antipsychotics (classic neuroleptics) selected cardiovascular (beta-blockers, thiazides potassium-sparing diuretics, statins), as well others—may increase risk developing urological disorders, such retention incontinence, tract infections, urolithiasis, erectile dysfunction men retroperitoneal fibrosis. purpose this paper to characterise abovementioned drug-induced disorders lower on basis non-systematic literature review.

Language: Английский

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Epidemiological insights into seasonal, sex‑specific and age‑related distribution of bacterial pathogens in urinary tract infections

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 27(4)

Published: Feb. 14, 2024

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are prevalent and recurrent bacterial that affect individuals worldwide, posing a significant burden on healthcare systems. The present study aimed to explore the epidemiology of UTIs, investigating seasonal, gender‑specific age‑related pathogen distribution guide clinical diagnosis. Data were retrospectively collected from electronic medical records laboratory reports 926 UTIs diagnosed in Fuding Hospital (Fujian University Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuding, China). Bacterial isolates identified using standard microbiological techniques. χ² tests performed assess associations between pathogens seasons, sex age groups. Significant found species seasons. Enterococcus faecium exhibited substantial prevalence spring (χ², 12.824; P=0.005), while Acinetobacter baumannii demonstrated increased autumn 16.404; P=0.001). Female patients showed higher incidence UTIs. Gram‑positive bacteria more males, with Staphylococcus aureus showing male predominance 14.607; P<0.001). E. displayed an increase 17.775; P<0.001), whereas Escherichia coli tended be younger 12.813; P=0.005). These findings highlight complex nature offer insights for tailored diagnostic preventive strategies, potentially enhancing outcomes.

Language: Английский

Citations

8

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Current Knowledge of Enterococcal Endocarditis: A Disease Lurking in Plain Sight to Health Provider

Francesco Nappi

Published: Feb. 5, 2024

Enterococcus faecalis is a bacterial pathogen that can cause opportunistic infections. Studies indicate initial biofilm formation plays crucial regulatory role in these infections, as well colonising and maintaining the gastrointestinal tract commensal member of microbiome most land animals. It has long been thought vegetation endocarditis resulting from attachment to endocardial endothelium requires some pre-existing tissue damage, animal models experimental endocarditis, mechanical valve damage typically induced by cardiac catheterisation preceding infection. This section reviews historical contemporary model studies demonstrate E. ability colonise undamaged endovascular endothelial surface directly produce robust microcolony biofilms encapsulated within bacterially derived extracellular matrix. report both previous current demonstrating resilient capacity The article also considers morphological similarities when develop on different host sites, for example colonises epithelium common vertebrate microbiome, lurking plain sight transmitting systemic These phenotypes may enable organism survive an unrecognised infection asymptomatic subjects, providing infectious resource subsequent clinical process endocarditis.

Language: Английский

Citations

7

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