Antibacterial Activity of Laser Ablated Gold and Hydroxyapatite Nanoparticles Conjugated Cefuroxime against Staphylococcus saprophyticus

Pakistan Veterinary Journal, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

A frequent and efficient weapon in the fight against infectious diseases is antibiotics.Antimicrobial resistance, however, has emerged as a major concern public health due to unintentional, overuse, improper administration of antibiotics.In current study, heterostructure gold (Au), Hydroxyapatite (HAP) Cefuroxime was produced using an environmentally friendly pulsed laser ablation technique improve antibacterial activity Staphylococcus (S.) saprophyticus.X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy, UV/Vis spectrophotometry, field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) were used characterize nanocomposite.The susceptibility S. saprophyticus Au-Hydroxyapatite-Cefuroxime evaluated terms preventing biofilm development urinary catheter.This study confirmed greater antimicrobial hetero nanocomposite Hydroxyapatite-Cefuroxime-AuNPs than alone saprophyticus.The nanoparticles (NPs)-Cefuroxime-Gold (AuNPs) hybrid developed intelligent drug delivery mechanism prevent proliferation hinder formation bacterial on Foley catheters.The smart shown promising result, which could be reliable therapy future approach for succeeding inhibition during tract infection.

Language: Английский

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Molecular characterization of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes on plasmids of Proteus mirabilis isolated from urine samples of Hospitals in Mosul City, Iraq

Journal of Applied and Natural Science, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(2), P. 830 - 841

Published: June 19, 2024

Antibiotic resistance genes when found on plasmids can be passed to other strains causing spread of antibiotic across bacteria. The present work aimed identify virulence and Proteus mirabilis plasmids. A total 37 P. were isolated from 420 urine samples patients attending different hospitals in Mosul City, Iraq, December 2022 April 2023 identified using biochemical molecular methods. Their towards 18 antibiotics was tested their plasmid DNA analysis showed that 21 contained Four groups primers used for PCR experiments. first group included six genetic regions, namely (CITM, DHAM, ACCM, EBCM, FOXM, MOXM1). Results 85.71% isolates carried FOXM 14.28% MOXM 4.76% CITM. However, DHAH, EBCM not detected second zapA, ireA (siderophore receptor), hpmA (hemolysin) mrpA, (fimbriae) genes. zapA 80.95% plasmids, followed by at a rate 76.19%, 14.28%, mrpA 4.76%. third CTXG1, CTXG2, CTXG9, CTXG8 CTXG25. results CTX9 the highest gene detected, CTXG1 71.42%, while CTXG8, CTXG25 only chromosome. Finally, pathogenic PmIJ1 qnrD 52.38% 47.61%, respectively. are increasingly among clinical local mirabilis, serious precautions required.

Language: Английский

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Novel Antimicrobial Approaches to Combat Bacterial Biofilms Associated with UTI

Published: Jan. 17, 2024

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a prevalent bacterial infection in both community and healthcare settings. They account for approximately 40% of all require around 15% antibiotic prescriptions. Although antibiotics have traditionally been used to treat UTIs several decades, the significant increase resistance recent years has made many previously effective treatments ineffective. Biofilm on medical equipment settings creates reservoir pathogens that can be easily transmitted patients. catheter frequently observed hospitals caused by microbes form biofilm after is inserted into bladder. Managing biofilms challenging due emergence resistance. Biofilms enable evade host's innate immune defences, resulting long-term persistence. The incidence sepsis urinary spread bloodstream increasing, drug-resistant may even more prevalent. While availability upcoming tests identify cause its spectrum critical, it alone will not solve problem; innovative treatment approaches also needed. This review analyses main characteristics formation drug recurrent uropathogen-induced UTI. importance alternative therapies combat biofilm-caused UTI emphasised.

Language: Английский

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Enterobacter cloacae from urinary tract infections: frequency, protein analysis, and antimicrobial resistance

AMB Express, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Feb. 8, 2024

Abstract The genus Enterobacter belongs to the ESKAPE group, which includes Enterococcus faecium , Staphylococcus aureus Klebsiella pneumoniae Acinetobacter baumannii Pseudomonas aeruginosa and spp . This group is characterized by development of resistance various antibiotics. In recent years, cloacae ( E. ) has emerged as a clinically important pathogen responsible for wide range healthcare-associated illnesses. Identifying species can be challenging due their similar phenotypic characteristics. emergence multidrug-resistant also significant problem in healthcare settings. Therefore, our study aimed identify differentiate using Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) fast precise proteomic analytical technique. We tested hospital-acquired isolates that produce Extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) against commonly used antibiotics treating urinary tract infections (UTIs). total 189 from 2300 urine samples patients with UTIs investigation. employed culturing techniques, well BD Phoenix™ automated identification system (Becton, Dickinson) Analytical Profile Index (API) biochemical isolates. MALDI Biotyper (MBT) device peptide fingerprinting analysis all utilized single peak intensities Principal Component Analysis (PCA) created MBT Compass software discriminate cluster Additionally, we evaluated sensitivity ESBL- Kirby Bauer method. Out isolates, Phoenix correctly identified 180 (95.24%) while API 165 (87.30%) However, accurately 185 (98.95%) score 2.00 or higher. PCA positively discriminated into one prominent peaks were noticed between 4230 mass-to-charge ratio (m/z) 8500 m/z. exhibited higher degree ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, cephalothin, cefuroxime, cefoxitin. Several susceptible carbapenems (meropenem, imipenem, ertapenem); however, potential future should taken consideration. conclusion, MALDI-TOF MS powerful technology routinely recognize pathogens clinical samples. growing antimicrobial this bacterium may pose risk human health.

Language: Английский

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Beyond the usual suspects: emerging uropathogens in the microbiome age

Frontiers in Urology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 3

Published: July 26, 2023

The advent of sensitive enhanced culture (metaculturomic) and culture-independent DNA-based (metagenomic) methods has revealed a rich collection microbial species that inhabit the human urinary tract. Known as microbiome, this community microbes consists hundreds distinct range across entire phylogenetic spectrum. This new knowledge clashes with standard clinical microbiology laboratory methods, established more than 60 years ago, focus attention on relatively small subset universally acknowledged uropathogens. Increasing reports support hypothesis is too narrow. Single uropathogen are common in women recurrent tract infection (UTI), although wider disruption their microbiome likely. Typical “UTI” symptoms occur patients “no growth” reported from sometimes antibiotics improve these symptoms. Metaculturomic metagenomic have repeatedly detected fastidious, slow growing, and/or anaerobic not by test urine samples lower Many also serious non-urinary infections, providing evidence they can be opportunistic pathogens. In review, we present set poorly understood, emerging, suspected goal to stimulate research into biology life commensals transition pathogens

Language: Английский

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Current Knowledge of Enterococcal Endocarditis: A Disease Lurking in Plain Sight of Health Providers

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(3), P. 235 - 235

Published: March 7, 2024

Enterococcus faecalis is a bacterial pathogen that can cause opportunistic infections. Studies indicate initial biofilm formation plays crucial regulatory role in these infections, as well colonising and maintaining the gastrointestinal tract commensal member of microbiome most land animals. It has long been thought vegetation endocarditis resulting from attachment to endocardial endothelium requires some pre-existing tissue damage, animal models experimental endocarditis, mechanical valve damage typically induced by cardiac catheterisation preceding infection. This section reviews historical contemporary model studies demonstrate ability E. colonise undamaged endovascular endothelial surface directly produce robust microcolony biofilms encapsulated within bacterially derived extracellular matrix. report both previous current demonstrating resilient capacity The article also considers morphological similarities when develop on different host sites, such colonises epithelium common vertebrate microbiome, lurking plain sight transmitting systemic These phenotypes may enable organism survive an unrecognised infection asymptomatic subjects, providing infectious resource for subsequent clinical process endocarditis.

Language: Английский

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Does Phage Therapy Need a Pan-Phage?

Pathogens, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 13(6), P. 522 - 522

Published: June 20, 2024

The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria is undoubtedly one the most serious global health threats. One response to this threat that has been gaining momentum over past decade 'phage therapy'. According this, lytic bacteriophages are used for treatment bacterial infections, either alone or in combination with antimicrobial agents. However, ensure efficacy and broad applicability phage therapy, several challenges must be overcome. These encompass development methods strategies host range manipulation bypass resistance mechanisms developed by pathogenic bacteria, as case since advent antibiotics. As our knowledge understanding interactions between phages their hosts evolves, key issue define each application. In article, we discuss factors affect how determines classification into different categories action. For group, recent representative examples provided, together suggestions on groups can combat certain types infections. available methodologies expansion, through sequential adaptation a new pathogen genetic engineering techniques, also reviewed.

Language: Английский

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Assessment of BlaTEM, BlaSHV, and BlaCTX-M genes of antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacilli causing urinary tract infections in Khartoum State: a cross-sectional study

BMC Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 24(1)

Published: Jan. 29, 2024

Abstract Background Gram-negative bacilli are the most common etiological agents responsible for urinary tract infections. The prevalence of antibiotic resistance in is increasing at a rapid pace globally, which constraining available choices UTI treatment. objectives this study to identify causal organisms infections (UTIs), and determine their drug patterns. Materials methods This was cross-sectional hospital-based conducted El-Amal Hospital, Bahri Teaching Al-Baraha Khartoum State, from March October 2022. Urine samples patients suspected have were collected, with confirmed by laboratory investigations yielded culture growth enrolled. Antibiotic sensitivity testing PCR bla TEM , SHV CTX-M genes done. Results included 50 out 229 (21.8%). prominent group older than 60 years (40%); majority females (70%). Escherichia coli prevalent isolated organism (50%), followed Klebsiella oxytoca (24%), pneumoniae (20%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4%), Citrobacter freundii (2%). A small percentage resistant colistin (17%). However, 77% amikacin, 97.6% cefotaxime, 96.8% ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefixime, 87.6% ciprofloxacin, 88.4% gentamycin, 62% imipenem, 67.6% meropenem, norfloxacin, 95.6% trimethoprim. overall gram-negative 81%. gene (100%), (94%), then (84%). Conclusion species commonly uropathogens study, highly antimicrobial tested. Resistance very uropathogens.

Language: Английский

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Antibacterial Property of Silver Nanoparticles Green Synthesized from Stachys schtschegleevii Plant Extract on Urinary Tract Infection Bacteria

Current Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 81(5)

Published: April 9, 2024

Language: Английский

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Comprehensive insights into UTIs: from pathophysiology to precision diagnosis and management

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Sept. 24, 2024

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the second most common infectious disease, predominantly impacting women with 150 million individuals affected globally. It increases socio-economic burden of society and is mainly caused by Escherichia coli , Proteus mirabilis Klebsiella pneumoniae Enterobacter spp., Staphylococcus spp. The severity infection correlates host factors varying from acute to chronic infections. Even a high incidence rate, diagnosis based on symptoms, dipstick analysis, culture which time-consuming, labour-intensive, lacking sensitivity specificity. During this period, medical professionals prescribe empirical antibiotics, may increase antimicrobial resistance rate. Timely precise UTI essential for addressing antibiotic improving overall quality life. In response these challenges, new techniques emerging. review provides comprehensive overview global UTIs, associated risk factors, implicated organisms, traditional innovative diagnostic methods, approaches treatment prevention.

Language: Английский

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