Mechanism of antibacterial resistance, strategies and next-generation antimicrobials to contain antimicrobial resistance: a review

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Aug. 16, 2024

Antibacterial drug resistance poses a significant challenge to modern healthcare systems, threatening our ability effectively treat bacterial infections. This review aims provide comprehensive overview of the types and mechanisms antibacterial resistance. To achieve this aim, thorough literature search was conducted identify key studies reviews on mechanisms, strategies next-generation antimicrobials contain antimicrobial In review, major with examples including target site modifications, decreased influx, increased efflux pumps, enzymatic inactivation antibacterials has been discussed. Moreover, biofilm formation, horizontal gene transfer methods also included. Furthermore, measures (interventions) taken control have discussed in detail. Overall, provides valuable insights into diverse employed by bacteria resist effects drugs, aim informing future research guiding stewardship efforts.

Language: Английский

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Combating antimicrobial resistance: the silent war

Frontiers in Pharmacology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: Feb. 14, 2024

Once hailed as miraculous solutions, antibiotics no longer hold that status. The excessive use of across human healthcare, agriculture, and animal husbandry has given rise to a broad array multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, posing formidable treatment challenges. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) evolved into pressing global health crisis, linked elevated mortality rates in the modern medical era. Additionally, absence effective introduces substantial risks surgical procedures. dwindling interest pharmaceutical industries developing new against MDR pathogens aggravated scarcity issue, resulting an exceedingly limited pipeline antibiotics. Given these circumstances, imperative devise novel strategies combat perilous become paramount. Contemporary research unveiled several promising avenues for addressing this challenge. article provides comprehensive overview innovative therapeutic approaches, highlighting their mechanisms action, benefits, drawbacks.

Language: Английский

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Inhibitory effects of endophytic bacterial metabolite (Gougerotin) of Ziziphus mauritiana (Ber fruit) against human bacterial pathogens

South African Journal of Botany, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 178, P. 437 - 447

Published: Feb. 10, 2025

Language: Английский

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Adsorption and catalytic degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride by HCNTs /MnFe2O4

Journal of environmental chemical engineering, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 113156 - 113156

Published: May 23, 2024

Language: Английский

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Pivotal role of Helicobacter pylori virulence genes in pathogenicity and vaccine development

Frontiers in Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: Jan. 6, 2025

One of the most prevalent human infections is Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), which affects more than half global population. Although H. are widespread, only a minority individuals develop severe gastroduodenal disorders. The resistance to antibiotics has reached concerning levels, significantly impacting effectiveness treatment. Consequently, development vaccines targeting virulence factors may present viable alternative for treatment and prevention infections. This review aims provide comprehensive overview current understanding infection, with particular focus on its factors, pathophysiology, vaccination strategies. discusses various associated pylori, such as cytotoxin-associated gene A (cagA), vacuolating cytotoxin (vacA), outer membrane proteins (OMPs), neutrophil-activated protein (NAP), urease (ure), catalase. based these characteristics essential controlling infection ensuring long-lasting protection. Various strategies formulations have been tested in animal models; however, their reproducibility humans remain uncertain. Different types vaccines, including vector-based inactivated whole cells, genetically modified protein-based subunits, multiepitope nucleic acid (DNA) explored. While some demonstrated promising results murine models, limited number successfully humans. article provides thorough evaluation recent research genes methods, offering valuable insights future address this health challenge.

Language: Английский

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Genetic origins of microbial virulence

Elsevier eBooks, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 153 - 177

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Combating Antibiotic Resistance: Mechanisms, Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens, and Novel Therapeutic Approaches: An Updated Review

Pharmaceuticals, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 18(3), P. 402 - 402

Published: March 12, 2025

The escalating global health crisis of antibiotic resistance, driven by the rapid emergence multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacterial pathogens, necessitates urgent and innovative countermeasures. This review comprehensively examines diverse mechanisms employed bacteria to evade action, including alterations in cell membrane permeability, efflux pump overexpression, biofilm formation, target site modifications, enzymatic degradation antibiotics. Specific focus is given transport systems such as ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, resistance–nodulation–division (RND) pumps, major facilitator superfamily (MFS) multidrug toxic compound extrusion (MATE) systems, small resistance (SMR) families, proteobacterial antimicrobial (PACE) families. Additionally, explores burden MDR pathogens evaluates emerging therapeutic strategies, quorum quenching (QQ), probiotics, postbiotics, synbiotics, peptides (AMPs), stem applications, immunotherapy, antibacterial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), bacteriophage. Furthermore, this discusses novel agents, animal-venom-derived compounds nanobiotics, promising alternatives conventional interplay between clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) CRISPR-associated proteins (Cas) adaptive immunity analyzed, revealing opportunities for targeted genetic interventions. By synthesizing current advancements underscores necessity interdisciplinary collaboration among biomedical scientists, researchers, pharmaceutical industry drive development agents. Ultimately, comprehensive analysis provides a roadmap future research, emphasizing need sustainable cooperative approaches combat safeguard health.

Language: Английский

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Resistance and Biodegradation of Triclosan and Propylparaben by Isolated Bacteria from Greywater

Journal of Xenobiotics, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 56 - 56

Published: April 15, 2025

We investigated the relationship between antibiotic-resistance genes and antimicrobial agents, triclosan (TCS) propylparaben (PPB). The greywater microbiome was repeatedly exposed to effect analyzed using a combination of PCR, Etest, Biolog, 16S rRNA sequencing, liquid chromatography. taxonomic identification points very similar or even identical isolates, however, phenotypic analysis suggests that their metabolic potential is different, likely due genomic variation differences in expression substrate utilization pathways. For both propylparaben, antibiotic resistance levels among isolates remain consistent regardless exposure duration. This are acquired rapidly presence not directly proportional level micropollutant exposure. In biodegradation test, TCS reduced by 50% after 7 h, while PPB decreased only 75 h. TCS, minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) ranged from 64 above 256 mg/mL. Conversely, for MIC tested strains 512 800 study highlights complex interaction household xenobiotics, microorganisms, emergence resistance.

Language: Английский

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Inhibition of quorum sensing regulation and stress tolerance by Rhodomyrtus tomentosa extracts and rhodomyrtone as an alternative treatment for zoonotic pathogens

Veterinary World, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 877 - 887

Published: April 1, 2025

Background and Aim: Staphylococcus aureus is a zoonotic pathogen with significant public health economic implications. Its ability to tolerate environmental stress regulate virulence through quorum sensing contributes its persistence pathogenicity. Rhodomyrtus tomentosa bioactive compound rhodomyrtone have demonstrated antimicrobial properties against Gram-positive, multidrug-resistant bacteria. This study aimed evaluate the effects of these agents on inhibition tolerance in S. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, providing insights into their potential as alternative strategies. Materials Methods: The anti-quorum activity R. extracts was assessed using Chromobacterium violaceum bioindicator. In addition, P. aeruginosa swarming motility were evaluated. Stress examined by subjecting treated cells acidic (pH = 5.0), alkaline 9.0), osmotic (7.5% NaCl), heat (43°C), oxidative (1 mM H₂O₂) conditions. survival rates determined colony-forming unit (CFU) counts following treatment ethanol leaf extracts. Results: ethyl acetate fraction extract exhibited highest violacein inhibition, followed extract. At 256 μg/mL, permitted colony formation but inhibited motility. Regarding tolerance, no surviving detected under any condition after 3–6 h 2 × minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) μg/mL) rhodomyrtone. 4 MIC (128 all tested conditions except for stresses. Conclusion: findings suggest that effectively inhibit offering promising approach. These compounds could be utilized veterinary medicine food safety mitigate contamination combat antibiotic-resistant infections. Keywords: sensing, rhodomyrtone, tomentosa, aureus, tolerance.

Language: Английский

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Staphylococcus aureus in Polymicrobial Skinand Soft Tissue Infections: Impact of Inter-Species Interactionsin Disease Outcome

Antibiotics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(7), P. 1164 - 1164

Published: July 8, 2023

Polymicrobial biofilms provide a complex environment where co-infecting microorganisms can behave antagonistically, additively, or synergistically to alter the disease outcome compared monomicrobial infections. Staphylococcus aureus skin and soft tissue infections (Sa-SSTIs) are frequently reported in healthcare community settings, they also involve other bacterial fungal microorganisms. This polymicrobial aetiology is usually found chronic wounds, such as diabetic foot ulcers, pressure burn establishment of multi-species wounds has been extensively described. review article explores recent updates on commonly together with S. SSTIs, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus spp., Acinetobacter baumannii, Candida albicans, among others. The molecular mechanisms behind these interactions context infected their impact pathogenesis antimicrobial susceptibility revised.

Language: Английский

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