Characterization of chitin and chitosan derived from Hermetia illucens, a further step in a circular economy process

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: April 22, 2022

Due to their properties and applications, the growing demand for chitin chitosan has stimulated market find more sustainable alternatives current commercial source (crustaceans). Bioconverter insects, such as Hermetia illucens, are appropriate candidates, is a side stream of insect farms feed applications. This first report on production characterization from different biomasses derived H. valorizing overproduced larvae in pupal exuviae dead adults. Pupal best biomass, both yields abundance easy supply farms. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction scanning electron microscope analysis revealed similarity insect-derived polymers ones terms purity structural morphology, therefore suitability industrial biomedical Its fibrillary nature makes illucens suitable producing fibrous manufacts after conversion nanofibrils, particularly adults-derived chitin, because its high crystallinity. A great versatility emerged evaluation physicochemical obtained which presented lower viscosity-average molecular weight deacetylation degree, fostering putative antimicrobial properties.

Language: Английский

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Antimicrobial properties of chitosan from different developmental stages of the bioconverter insect Hermetia illucens

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(1)

Published: May 16, 2022

Growing antimicrobial resistance has prompted researchers to identify new natural molecules with potential. In this perspective, attention been focused on biopolymers that could also be functional in the medical field. Chitin is second most abundant biopolymer Earth and its deacetylated derivative, chitosan, several applications biomedical pharmaceutical fields. Currently, main source of chitin crustacean exoskeleton, but growing demand for these polymers market led search alternative sources. Among these, insects, particular bioconverter Hermetia illucens, one bred. can extracted from larvae, pupal exuviae dead adults H. by applying chemical methods, converted into chitosan. Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy confirmed identity chitosan produced illucens structural similarity commercial polymer. Recently, studies showed intrinsic activity. This first research investigated antibacterial activity three developmental stages through qualitative quantitative analysis, agar diffusion tests microdilution assays, respectively. Our results capacity opening perspectives use biological area.

Language: Английский

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Lipids from Insects in Cosmetics and for Personal Care Products

Insects, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(1), P. 41 - 41

Published: Dec. 30, 2021

Insects, the most varied group of known organisms on Earth, are arousing great interest also for possibility to use them as a feed and food source. The mass rearing some species, defined "bioconverters", is spreading worldwide, thanks their sustainability. At end bioconversion process, breeders obtain eco-friendly biomolecules high biological economic value, including proteins lipids, from larvae bioconverter insects, in particular Hermetia illucens. Besides classical insect lipids additives, they used formulation several products personal care. composition depends substrate which insects reared but so cosmetic producers should consider these features choose starting point. abundant fatty acids detected H. illucens lauric, myristic, palmitic, oleic acids, regardless substrate; its favorable soap composition, while derivatives detergent shampoo. Here, we offer an overview extraction methods, application cosmetics care products.

Language: Английский

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Nutritional value of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae processed by different methods

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 17(2), P. e0263924 - e0263924

Published: Feb. 25, 2022

Nutritional value of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae (BSFL) processed by three different methods treatment was compared. The resulting products were the spray-dried BSFL (SPR), oven-dried 1 (OVN1) and 2 (OVN2). Proximate chemical composition, profiles amino acids, fatty minerals, heavy metals, vitamins nucleotides analysed tested meals considered to have a good profile essential acids (EAAs), with leucine, lysine, valine, histidine being dominant EAAs. Their content saturated exceeded that unsaturated acids. Vitamins B1, B2, C also present in samples. Minerals such as calcium, potassium, phosphorus, sodium, magnesium, zinc, iron, manganese copper found be adequate amounts almost all Heavy metals mostly below 1g kg-1. Nucleotides inosine monophosphate uridine occurred meals. Other nucleotides, including guanosine monophosphate, adenosine xanthosine cytidine detected either or both SPR OVN2. In general, nutritional study influenced method processing.

Language: Английский

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Enhancement of fruit byproducts through bioconversion by Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)

Insect Science, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 30(4), P. 991 - 1010

Published: Nov. 26, 2022

Bioconversion is a biological process by which organic materials are converted into products with higher and commercial value. During its larval stage the black soldier fly Hermetia illucens extremely voracious can feed on wide variety of materials. To study impact different fruit byproducts insect's growth, final biomass, substrate reduction, bioconversion parameters, nutritional composition, 10 000 larvae (BSFL) were reared 7.0 kg one three substrates (strawberry, tangerine, or orange) standard diet as control. The results highlight that BSFL successfully grow each these diets, though their development time, growth rate, biomass differently impacted substrates, strawberry being most suitable. lipid protein contents similar among fed substrates; however, major differences detected in ash, micronutrient, fiber, fatty acid, amino acid contents. Overall, indicate waste management through represents commercially promising resource for regional national agrifood companies. Our offers new perspectives sustainable environmentally friendly industrial might be disposed unconventionally enhanced to create secondary high economic value, including animal or, perspective, alternative source human nutrition.

Language: Английский

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Biowaste and by-products as rearing substrates for black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae: Effects on larval body composition and performance

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 17(9), P. e0275213 - e0275213

Published: Sept. 29, 2022

Black soldier fly ( Hermetia illucens ) larvae can convert biowaste and by-products into body mass high in protein (~40% dry matter, DM) lipid (~30% DM). However, the type of rearing substrate also affects larval composition thus its nutritional value. Hitherto, it remains unclear how to what extent be altered by substrate. This study was therefore performed examine possibilities modifying using different substrates. To investigate this, 5-days old were reared for seven days on locally available waste by-products: brewer’s spent grain, mitigation mussels Mytilus edulis ), rapeseed cake, shrimp meal Pandalus borealis ). Larval performance compared a commercial chicken feed as well mixed (mixture by-products, with similar macronutrient feed). weight recorded daily determine growth over time whereas substrates sampled at start end trial analysed their composition. The affected both performance. There clear relation between certain fatty acids. Larvae marine-based contained higher share omega-3 acids than other substrates, indicating an accumulation from strong positive linear correlation ash content lipid, protein, amino acid, chitin seemed more development. Overall, this showed that development, nutrients tailored depending further food applications.

Language: Английский

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Integration of Internet-of-Things as sustainable smart farming technology for the rearing of black soldier fly to mitigate food waste

Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 137, P. 104235 - 104235

Published: Feb. 10, 2022

Language: Английский

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Physical Properties of Substrates as a Driver for Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) Larvae Growth

Insects, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 266 - 266

Published: March 8, 2023

The growth and nutritional profile of the black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) is usually investigated compared when feed on substrates that differ in chemical composition as well physical properties. This study compares BSFL primarily was achieved by using various fibres substrates. In first experiment, two with 20% or 14% chicken were mixed three (cellulose, lignocellulose, straw). second a 17% substrate additionally contained straw different particle sizes. We show texture properties values did not influence growth, but bulk density fibre component did. cellulose led to higher over time comparison fibres. grown reached their maximum weight 6 days instead 7. Neither nor nutrient level changed crude protein content ranged between 33.5% 38.3%, an interaction observed. size particles influenced 26.78% difference Ca concentration, 12.04% Mg 35.34% P concentration. Our findings indicate BSFL-rearing can be optimised changing its size. improve survival rate, reduce cultivation needed reach weight, alter BSFL.

Language: Английский

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Lauric Acid from the Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) and Its Potential Applications

Sustainability, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(13), P. 10383 - 10383

Published: June 30, 2023

Black soldier fly (BSF) (Hermetia illucens) larvae are currently being developed as bioconversion agents for organic waste treatment. The resulting or prepupae have a high protein and lipid content, primarily used feed fish, poultry, other animals. content of BSF larvae/prepupae is influenced by the growth can reach up to 57.8%. lipids mainly consist medium-chain saturated fatty acids, with lauric acid (LA) dominant component. LA in be enhanced incorporating utilizing substrates containing highly digestible carbohydrates larval growth. 76.13% reared on fruit waste. has been reported exhibit antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anticancer properties. Moreover, it applications various fields such pharmaceuticals, food beverages, cosmetics, body care, soaps detergents, plastics, textiles. This review aims investigate explore its potential applications, thereby establishing novel source diverse fields.

Language: Английский

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In Vitro Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of the Peptide Fractions Extracted from the Hemolymph of Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)

Insects, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(5), P. 464 - 464

Published: May 15, 2023

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are a chemically and structurally heterogeneous family of molecules produced by large variety living organisms, whose expression is predominant in the sites most exposed to microbial invasion. One richest natural sources AMPs insects which, over course their very long evolutionary history, have adapted numerous different habitats developing powerful innate immune system that has allowed them survive but also assert themselves new environment. Recently, due increase antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains, interest risen. In this work, we detected hemolymph Hermetia illucens (Diptera, Stratiomyidae) larvae, following infection with Escherichia coli (Gram negative) or Micrococcus flavus positive) from uninfected larvae. Peptide component, isolated via organic solvent precipitation, was analyzed microbiological techniques. Subsequent mass spectrometry analysis us specifically identify expressed basal condition differentially after challenge. We identified 33 all samples, which 13 stimulated Gram negative and/or positive mostly challenge could be responsible for more specific activity.

Language: Английский

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