Birth Defects Research,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
112(17), P. 1362 - 1385
Published: July 21, 2020
Phthalates
and
bisphenols
are
high
production
volume
chemicals
that
used
in
the
manufacturing
of
consumer
medical
products.
Given
ubiquity
bisphenol
phthalate
environment,
biomonitoring
studies
routinely
detect
these
75-90%
general
population.
Accumulating
evidence
suggests
such
chemical
exposures
may
influence
human
health
outcomes,
including
cardiovascular
health.
These
associations
particularly
worrisome
for
sensitive
populations,
fetal,
infant
pediatric
groups-with
underdeveloped
metabolic
capabilities
developing
organ
systems.
In
presented
article,
we
aimed
to
review
literature
on
environmental
clinical
phthalates,
highlight
experimental
work
exert
a
negative
health,
emphasize
areas
concern
relate
vulnerable
groups.
Gaps
our
current
knowledge
also
discussed,
so
future
endeavors
resolve
relationship
between
impact
physiology.
Healthcare,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
9(5), P. 603 - 603
Published: May 18, 2021
Phthalates
are
a
series
of
widely
used
chemicals
that
demonstrate
to
be
endocrine
disruptors
and
detrimental
human
health.
can
found
in
most
products
have
contact
with
plastics
during
producing,
packaging,
or
delivering.
Despite
the
short
half-lives
tissues,
chronic
exposure
phthalates
will
adversely
influence
system
functioning
multiple
organs,
which
has
negative
long-term
impacts
on
success
pregnancy,
child
growth
development,
reproductive
systems
both
young
children
adolescents.
Several
countries
established
restrictions
regulations
some
types
phthalates;
however,
we
think
more
should
establish
constraints
substitute
measures
for
reduce
health
risks.
This
article
aims
summarize
adverse
health,
analyze
toxicity
mechanism,
assess
risks,
finally
provide
feasible
strategies
public
phthalates.
Frontiers in Endocrinology,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
12
Published: Aug. 18, 2021
The
ubiquitous
exposure
of
humans
to
microplastics
(MPs)
through
inhalation
particles
in
air
and
ingestion
dust,
water,
diet
is
well
established.
Humans
are
estimated
ingest
tens
thousands
millions
MP
annually,
or
on
the
order
several
milligrams
daily.
Available
information
suggests
that
indoor
drinking
water
bottled
plastic
major
sources
exposure.
Little
known
occurrence
MPs
human
diet.
Evidence
accumulating
feeding
bottles
medical
devices
can
contribute
newborns
infants.
Biomonitoring
studies
stool,
fetus,
placenta
provide
direct
evidence
infants
children.
<20
µm
were
reported
cross
biological
membranes.
Although
plastics
once
perceived
as
inert
materials,
laboratory
animals
linked
various
forms
inflammation,
immunological
response,
endocrine
disruption,
alteration
lipid
energy
metabolism,
other
disorders.
Whereas
itself
a
concern,
also
be
additives
toxicants.
Exposure
cell
lines
such
phthalates,
bisphenols,
organotins
causes
adverse
effects
activation
nuclear
receptors,
peroxisome
proliferator-activated
receptors
(PPARs)
α,
β,
γ,
retinoid
X
receptor
(RXR),
leading
oxidative
stress,
cytotoxicity,
immunotoxicity,
thyroid
hormone
altered
adipogenesis
production.
size,
shape,
chemical
composition,
surface
charge,
hydrophobicity
influence
their
toxicity.
Maternal
transfer
developing
fetus
has
been
demonstrated
exposed
analysis
placenta.
In
animal
studies,
maternal
metabolism
offspring
subsequent
generations.
Moreover,
concomitant
with
global
increase
production,
prevalence
overweight
obesity
populations
increased
over
past
five
decades,
there
support
hypothesis
potential
obesogens.
Even
though
exposures
toxic
from
systematic
this
topic
remain
urgently
needed.
Environmental Science & Technology Letters,
Journal Year:
2021,
Volume and Issue:
8(11), P. 989 - 994
Published: Sept. 22, 2021
Although
human
exposure
to
microplastics
(MPs)
and
the
health
effects
thereof
are
a
global
concern,
little
is
known
about
magnitude
of
exposure.
In
this
study,
we
quantitatively
determined
concentrations
polyethylene
terephthalate
(PET)
polycarbonate
(PC)
MPs
in
three
meconium
six
infant
10
adult
feces
samples
collected
from
New
York
State.
PET
PC
were
found
some
(at
concentration
ranges
below
limit
quantification
[
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
17(16), P. 5655 - 5655
Published: Aug. 5, 2020
Phthalates
are
a
huge
class
of
chemicals
with
wide
spectrum
industrial
uses,
from
the
manufacture
plastics
to
food
contact
applications,
children’s
toys,
and
medical
devices.
People
animals
can
be
exposed
through
different
routes
(i.e.,
ingestion,
inhalation,
dermal,
or
iatrogenic
exposure),
as
these
compounds
easily
released
water,
food,
soil,
air,
making
them
ubiquitous
environmental
contaminants.
In
last
decades,
phthalates
their
metabolites
have
proven
concern,
particularly
in
products
for
pregnant
women
children.
Moreover,
many
authors
reported
high
concentrations
soft
drinks,
mineral
waters,
wine,
oil,
ready-to-eat
meals,
other
products,
possible
consequence
accumulation
along
production
chain
accidental
release
packaging
materials.
However,
due
physical
chemical
properties,
do
not
same
human
impacts
association
several
diseases
is
still
under
debate.
this
review
we
provide
an
overview
phthalate
toxicity,
pointing
out
health
legal
issues
related
occurrence
types
beverage.
Frontiers in Genetics,
Journal Year:
2020,
Volume and Issue:
11
Published: May 6, 2020
Phthalates
are
esters
of
phthalic
acid
which
used
in
cosmetics
and
other
daily
personal
care
products.
They
also
polyvinyl
chloride
(PVC)
plastics
to
increase
durability
plasticity.
not
present
by
covalent
bonds
thus
can
easily
leach
into
the
environment
enter
human
body
dermal
absorption,
ingestion,
or
inhalation.
Several
vitro
vivo
studies
suggest
that
phthalates
act
as
endocrine
disruptors
cause
moderate
reproductive
developmental
toxicities.
Furthermore,
pass
through
placental
barrier
affect
developing
fetus.
Thus,
have
ubiquitous
presence
food
with
potential
adverse
health
effects
humans.
This
review
focusses
on
conducted
field
toxicogenomics
discusses
possible
transgenerational
multigenerational
caused
phthalate
exposure
during
any
point
life-cycle.
Environmental Research,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
207, P. 112658 - 112658
Published: Jan. 4, 2022
Many
classes
of
compounds
are
known
or
suspected
to
disrupt
the
endocrine
system
vertebrate
and
invertebrate
organisms.
This
review
sources
fate
selected
disrupting
chemicals
(EDCs)
in
environment
includes
that
"legacy"
contaminants,
as
well
contaminants
emerging
concern.
EDCs
included
for
discussion
organochlorine
compounds,
halogenated
aromatic
hydrocarbons,
brominated
flame
retardants,
per-
polyfluoroalkyl
substances,
alkylphenols,
phthalates,
bisphenol
A
analogues,
pharmaceuticals,
drugs
abuse
steroid
hormones,
personal
care
products,
organotins.
An
exhaustive
survey
these
all
environmental
media
(e.g.,
air,
water,
soil,
biota,
foods
beverages)
is
beyond
scope
this
review,
so
priority
highlight
which
there
a
clear
link
between
exposure
effects
humans
biota
from
other
taxa.
Where
appropriate,
linkages
also
made
regulatory
limits
such
quality
guidelines
water
sediments
total
daily
intake
values
humans.
