After
a
survey
on
polymer
plasticization
theories
and
conventional
criteria
to
evaluate
polymer-plasticizer
compatibility
through
the
solubility
parameter,
an
attempt
create
polymer-plasticizers
polarity
scale
solvatochromic
dyes
has
been
made.
Since
Reichardt’s
ET(30)
dye
is
insoluble
in
rubber
hydrocarbon
polymers
like
polyisoprene,
polybutadiene
styrene-butadiene
copolymers
not
also
useful
for
evaluation
of
hydrocarbons
ester
plasticizers,
Nile
Red
was
instead
used
extensively
successfully
this
class
compounds.
A
total
53
different
compounds
were
evaluated
with
wherever
possible
ET(33)
dye.
very
good
correlation
then
found
between
E(NR)
focusing
diene
rubbers
their
typical
new
esters
plasticizers.
Furthermore,
shows
reasonable
parameter
calculated
according
Van
Krevelen
method.
Based
above
results,
some
conclusion
made
about
plasticizers
as
well
green
plasticizer
proposed
TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
151, P. 116598 - 116598
Published: March 12, 2022
Phthalate
esters
are
high
production
volume
chemicals
and
widely
used
as
additives
in
the
plastics
industry.
Since
they
not
chemically
bound
to
plastics,
can
easily
leach
into
environment.
They
also
be
transformed
phthalate
monoesters
via
degradation
or
metabolization.
As
numerous
studies
have
reported
negative
effects
of
diesters
on
marine
biota,
these
contaminants
an
emerging
concern.
In
this
article
we
review
most
important
analytical
methods
for
determining
seawater,
sediments
biota.
The
QuEChERS
method
ultrasound-assisted
extraction
common
techniques
extracting
solid
samples,
while
solid-phase
is
technique
seawater
samples.
We
describe
occurrence
distribution
Bis(2-ethylhexyl)
phthalate,
di-n-butyl
diisobutyl
well
their
metabolites,
main
compounds
detected
reviewed
matrices.
International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
242, P. 113972 - 113972
Published: April 19, 2022
The
Flemish
Environment
and
Health
Study
(FLEHS)
collects
information
on
internal
exposure
to
a
broad
range
of
environmental
chemicals
in
the
general
population
Flanders,
Northern
region
Belgium.
aim
is
establish
biomonitoring
distributions
for
support
public
health
policy,
risk
assessment
management
decisions.
In
2017-2018,
urine
blood
samples
were
collected
from
428
teenagers
by
stratified
clustered
two
stage
randomized
design.
Samples
analyzed
biomarkers
related
chlorinated
newer
pesticides,
brominated
organophosphate
flame
retardants
(BFR/OPFR),
polychlorinated
biphenyls
(PCBs),
bisphenols,
phthalates
alternative
plasticizers,
per-and
polyfluoroalkyl
substances
(PFAS),
polycyclic
aromatic
hydrocarbons
(PAHs),
benzene,
metals
trace
elements.
geometric
mean
levels
percentiles
distribution
estimated
each
biomarker,
whole
study
following
stratification
sex,
household
educational
attainment
residence
area's
urbanicity.
Geometric
means
lead,
dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane
(DDT),
PCBs,
PAHs,
regulated
bisphenol
A
(BPA)
lower
than
previous
FLEHS
cycles.
Most
biomarker
below
health-based
guidance
values
(HB-GVs).
However,
HB-GVs
urinary
arsenic,
cadmium,
sum
serum
perfluorooctane
sulfonate
(PFOS)
perfluoro-1-hexanesulfonate
(PFHxS)
pyrethroid
metabolite
(3-PBA)
exceeded
respectively
25%,
12%,
39.5%,
10%
22%
teenagers.
These
results
suggest
that
some
might
be
concern.
At
same
time,
we
noticed
BPA
substitutes,
metabolites
OPFRs,
an
expanded
list
PFAS,
glyphosate
its
could
measured
substantial
proportions
participants.
Interpretation
these
health-risk
context
remains
uncertain
as
are
lacking.
Household
residential
urbanicity
significant
determinants
many
influence
specific
up
70%
shown
multiple
regression
analysis.
research
consortium
also
took
care
broader
external
communication
with
participants,
policy
makers,
professional
groups
civil
society
organizations.
Our
demonstrated
exposed
wide
chemicals,
it
demonstrates
success
policies
reduce
but
points
concern
further
priorities
needs
follow
up.
TrAC Trends in Analytical Chemistry,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
178, P. 117847 - 117847
Published: July 2, 2024
Plastics
play
an
essential
role
in
food
packaging
and
processing.
However,
the
migration
of
chemicals
to
may
cause
adverse
effects
on
human
health.
For
this
reason,
it
is
great
importance
assess
presence
these
substances
ensure
its
safety
quality.
The
aim
article
review
latest
advances
analysis
potentially
migratory
plastics
foodstuff,
including
target,
non-target,
simulant
analyses
during
period
2019–2023.
innovations
are
centred
around
development
sample
treatment
procedures
using
sustainable
extraction
sorbents
solvents,
automation
miniaturisation,
improvements
instrumental
by
chromatographic
techniques
hyphenated
mass
spectrometers.
Additionally,
omics
also
present
considerably
progress
last
five
years,
with
powerful
identification
databases
softwares.
reference
legislative
systems
contact
materials
examined.
Chemical Engineering Journal,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
468, P. 143589 - 143589
Published: May 18, 2023
There
has
been
growing
concern
over
the
release
of
plasticizers
from
plastic
products,
and
high
levels
in
environment
have
led
to
a
threat
ecological
security.
Although
some
may
naturally
degrade,
their
slow
removal
prolonged
life
cycle
remain
challenges.
To
address
this,
this
study
explored
unique
hybrid
strategy
using
native
field
microorganisms
magnetic
biochar
(MBC)
support
upstream
degradation
plasticizers.
Diethyl
phthalate
(DP)
was
used
as
test
subject.
The
found
that
MBC
treatment
level
total
organic
carbon
(TOC)
various
demonstrating
DP.
Analysis
metagenomic
model
showed
several
species
Pseudomonas
can
degrade
downstream
phenylmethanal
nitroreducens
ability
cooperate
well
with
due
its
iron
receptor
transporter.
Additionally,
Pigmentiphaga
fully
mineralize
pangenome
revealed
genes
related
DP
biodegradation
were
shared
by
members
genus.
is
known
be
pathogenic,
identified
not
harmful
they
lack
virulence
factors.
provides
evidence
regarding
cooperation
between
biodegraders
mineralizing
plasticizers,
offering
new
solution
for
removing
soil
surface
water.
Scientific Reports,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
15(1)
Published: Feb. 5, 2025
The
Eastern
Mediterranean
Sea,
rich
in
environmental
and
cultural
heritage,
faces
increasing
threats
from
emerging
contaminants
like
toxic
metals
phthalates.
This
study
evaluates
their
occurrence
across
40
Lebanese
coastal
hotspots
using
advanced
techniques
such
as
Inductively
Coupled
Plasma
Mass
Spectrometry
(ICP-MS),
X-ray
Fluorescence
Spectroscopy
(XRF)
Gas
Chromatography-Mass
(GC–MS).
Widespread
contamination
was
detected
both
water
sediments
near
landfills,
sewage
discharges,
industrial
areas.
Metal
concentrations
varied,
with
chromium
(Cr)
reaching
20.3
µg/L,
arsenic
(As)
12.1
lead
(Pb)
30.6
indicating
pollution
urban
activities.
Manganese
(Mn)
zinc
(Zn)
were
within
safe
limits,
while
selenium
(Se)
posed
ecological
risks.
Among
13
phthalates,
diethylhexyl
phthalate
(DEHP)
the
most
prevalent,
ranging
15.57
to
72.88
µg/L.
Sediments
showed
elevated
calcium,
strontium,
barium
levels,
exceeding
safety
thresholds.
Statistical
analysis
revealed
correlations
between
spatial
variability
driven
by
industrial,
agricultural,
These
findings
highlight
need
for
proper
regulations
routine
monitoring
protect
marine
ecosystems
public
health.
Frontiers in Endocrinology,
Journal Year:
2025,
Volume and Issue:
16
Published: April 4, 2025
Introduction
The
Constitutive
Androstane
Receptor
(CAR)
(NR1I3),
a
pivotal
member
of
the
xenosensor
family,
plays
key
role
in
hepatic
detoxification
xenobiotic
and
endobiotic
chemicals
through
induction
expression
drug-metabolizing
enzymes
transporters.
CAR’s
involvement
extends
beyond
detoxification,
influencing
gluconeogenesis,
lipogenesis,
bile
acid
regulation,
cellular
processes
such
as
proliferation,
tissue
regeneration,
carcinogenesis.
This
review
explores
CAR
regulation
by
various
factors,
highlighting
its
mediating
metabolic
changes
induced
environmental
contaminants.
Methods
A
literature
search
was
conducted
to
identify
all
articles
on
PubMed
website
which
CAR-contaminant
CAR-hepatic
steatosis
relationship
is
analyzed
both
vitro
vivo
models.
Results
Numerous
contaminants,
perfluorooctanoic
(PFOA),
Zearalenone
mycotoxin,
PCB,
triazole
fungicide
propiconazole
can
activate
nuclear
receptors
contributing
development
increased
de
novo
decreased
fatty
oxidation,
lipid
uptake,
gluconeogenesis.
Indirect
activation
pathways,
particularly
involving
PFOA,
are
discussed
context
PPARα-independent
mechanisms
leading
hepatotoxicity,
including
hepatocellular
hypertrophy
necrosis,
their
implications
nonalcoholic
steatohepatitis
(NASH)
liver
disease
(NAFLD).
prevalence
NAFLD,
significant
component
syndrome,
underscores
importance
understanding
pathogenesis.
Conclusions
Experimental
epidemiological
data
suggest
that
endocrine
disruptors,
especially
pesticides,
play
NAFLD’s
progression
via
CAR-regulated
pathways.
advocates
for
inclusion
modern
toxicological
risk
assessment
tools,
New
Approach
Methodologies
(NAMs),
Adverse
Outcome
Pathways
(AOPs),
Integrated
Approaches
Testing
Assessment
(IATA),
elucidate
CAR-mediated
effects
enhance
regulatory
frameworks.
