Microcystin Contamination and Toxicity: Implications for Agriculture and Public Health

Toxins, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(5), P. 350 - 350

Published: May 17, 2022

Microcystins are natural hepatotoxic metabolites secreted by cyanobacteria in aquatic ecosystems. When present at elevated concentrations, microcystins can affect water quality aesthetics; contaminate drinking reservoirs and recreational waters; disrupt normal ecosystem functioning; cause health hazards to animals, plants, humans. Animal human exposures generally result from ingesting contaminated or physically contacting tainted water. Much research has identified a multitude of liver problems oral exposure microcystins, varying hepatocellular damage primary cancer. Provisional guidelines for have been established prevent toxic protect public health. With increasing occurrences eutrophication freshwater systems, microcystin contamination groundwater surface waters is growing, posing threats terrestrial plants agricultural soils used crop production. These often transferred crops via irrigation with local sources water, such as bloom-forming lakes ponds. survive high quantities various parts (roots, stems, leaves) due their chemical stability low molecular weight, risks consumers products. Studies indicated potential associated fruits vegetables sourced irrigated containing microcystins. This review considers the risk humans, environment presence irrigation. Additional studies needed understand specific impacts consumption microcystin-contaminated plants.

Language: Английский

---

Fate of a toxic Microcystis aeruginosa bloom introduced into a subtropical estuary from a flow-managed canal and management implications

Journal of Environmental Management, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 375, P. 124362 - 124362

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

The Caloosahatchee Estuary in southwest Florida, USA, is regularly subject to the introduction of toxic Microcystis aeruginosa blooms, often originating from eutrophic Lake Okeechobee via C-43 Canal. focus this study was determine responses one these introduced blooms progressively elevated salinity levels as bloom water mass moved through estuary. In upper estuary, salinities were freshwater, and surface large colonies M. observed, along with peak microcystin toxin concentrations up 107 μg L-1, all particulate fraction. mid-estuary, increased 2-6, again 259 however, significant extracellular also observed (i.e., 17.8 L-1), suggesting a level osmotic stress on aeruginosa. lower ranged 6 25 very few viable but 0.5 L-1) present throughout column. It noteworthy that average total column + extracellular) remained constant movement during its transit revealing negligible rate degradation ten-day transit. results provide insights into changes distribution gradient, which has implications for management risks ecosystem human health, how may be affected by releases three control structures Discharge rates play major roles Canal-Caloosahatchee ecosystem. potential discharge regulation are discussed perspectives allochthonous autochthonous origin.

Language: Английский

---

A Mini-Review on Detection Methods of Microcystins

Toxins, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(10), P. 641 - 641

Published: Oct. 4, 2020

Cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs) produce microcystins (MCs) which are associated with animal and human hepatotoxicity. Over 270 variants of MC exist. MCs have been continually studied due their toxic consequences. Monitoring water quality to assess the presence is utmost importance although it often difficult because CyanoHABs may generate multiple variants, low concentration in water. To effectively manage control these toxins prevent health risks, sensitive, fast, reliable methods capable detecting required. This paper aims review three main analytical used detect ranging from biological (mouse bioassay), biochemical (protein phosphatase inhibition assay enzyme linked immunosorbent assay), chemical (high performance liquid chromatography, chromatography-mass spectrometry, high capillary electrophoresis, gas chromatography), as well newly emerging biosensor methods. In addition, current state regarding novel development usage, merits limitations presented. Finally, this also provides recommendations future research directions towards method application improvement.

Language: Английский

---

Immunoassay technology: Research progress in microcystin-LR detection in water samples

Journal of Hazardous Materials, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 424, P. 127406 - 127406

Published: Oct. 7, 2021

Language: Английский

---

Update on the adverse effects of microcystins on the liver

Environmental Research, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 195, P. 110890 - 110890

Published: Feb. 20, 2021

Language: Английский

---

Microcystin Toxicokinetics, Molecular Toxicology, and Pathophysiology in Preclinical Rodent Models and Humans

Toxins, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 13(8), P. 537 - 537

Published: July 29, 2021

Microcystins are ubiquitous toxins produced by photoautotrophic cyanobacteria. Human exposures to microcystins occur through the consumption of contaminated drinking water, fish and shellfish, vegetables, algal dietary supplements recreational activities. Microcystin-leucine-arginine (MCLR) is prototypical microcystin because it reported be most common toxic variant only with an established tolerable daily intake 0.04 µg/kg. Microcystin toxicokinetics characterized low intestinal absorption, rapid specific distribution liver, moderate metabolism glutathione cysteinyl conjugates, urinary fecal excretion. Molecular toxicology involves covalent binding inhibition protein phosphatases, oxidative stress, cell death (autophagy, apoptosis, necrosis), cytoskeleton disruption. These molecular cellular effects interconnected commonly observed together. The main target organs for toxicity intestine, kidney. Preclinical data indicate may also have nervous, pulmonary, cardiac, reproductive system toxicities. Recent evidence suggests that exposure other hepatotoxic insults could potentiate increase risk chronic diseases. This review summarizes current knowledge toxicokinetics, toxicology, pathophysiology in preclinical rodent models humans. More research needed better understand human how multifactorial contribute disease pathogenesis progression.

Language: Английский

---

Algicide capacity of Paucibacter aquatile DH15 on Microcystis aeruginosa by attachment and non-attachment effects

Environmental Pollution, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 302, P. 119079 - 119079

Published: March 1, 2022

The excessive proliferation of Microcystis aeruginosa can lead to ecological damage, economic losses, and threaten animal human health. For controlling blooms, microorganism-based methods have attracted much attention from researchers because their eco-friendliness species-specificity. Herein, we first found that a Paucibacter strain exhibits algicidal activity against M. microcystin degradation capability. DH15 (2.1 × 104 CFU/ml) (2 106 cells/ml) was 94.9% within 36 h exposure. also degraded (1.6 mg/L) up 62.5% after 72 h. We demonstrated the be mediated by physical attachment indirect attack: (1) Both washed cells cell-free supernatant could kill efficiently; (2) Treatment with supernatants caused oxidative stress, altered fatty acid profile, damaged photosynthetic system, carbohydrate, protein metabolism in aeruginosa. combination direct attacks supported exerts high expression most key genes responsible for photosynthesis, antioxidant activity, synthesis, other metabolic pathways downregulated. Strain DH15, its capacity, overcome trade-off between blooms increasing concentration. Our findings suggest possesses great potential control outbreaks blooms.

Language: Английский

---

Review of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) Causing Marine Fish Kills: Toxicity and Mitigation

Plants, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(23), P. 3936 - 3936

Published: Nov. 22, 2023

Extensive growth of microscopic algae and cyanobacteria results in harmful algal blooms (HABs) marine, brackish, freshwater environments. HABs can harm humans animals through their toxicity or by producing ecological conditions such as oxygen depletion, which kill fish other economically ecologically important organisms. This review summarizes the reports on various that are able to bring about marine kills. The predominant HABs, toxins, effects fishes spread across parts globe discussed. mechanism HAB-driven kills is discussed based available reports, existing mitigation methods presented. Lapses large-scale implementation demonstrated under laboratory projected. Clay-related technologies nano-sorption-based nanotechnologies, although proven make significant contributions, have not been put use real-world conditions. gaps technology transfer accomplished prototypes highlighted. Further uses remote sensing machine learning state-of-the-art techniques for detection identification recommended.

Language: Английский

---

Freshwater Cyanobacterial Toxins, Cyanopeptides and Neurodegenerative Diseases

Toxins, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 233 - 233

Published: March 21, 2023

Cyanobacteria produce a wide range of structurally diverse cyanotoxins and bioactive cyanopeptides in freshwater, marine, terrestrial ecosystems. The health significance these metabolites, which include genotoxic- neurotoxic agents, is confirmed by continued associations between the occurrence animal human acute toxic events and, long term, cyanobacteria neurodegenerative diseases. Major mechanisms related to neurotoxicity compounds (1) blocking key proteins channels; (2) inhibition essential enzymes mammalian cells such as protein phosphatases phosphoprotein well new molecular targets toll-like receptors 4 8. One widely discussed implicated includes misincorporation cyanobacterial non-proteogenic amino acids. Recent research provides evidence that non-proteinogenic acid BMAA produced have multiple effects on translation process bypasses proof-reading ability aminoacyl-tRNA-synthetase. Aberrant generated non-canonical may be factor neuronal death neurodegeneration. We hypothesize production acids more general mechanism, leading mistranslation, affecting homeostasis, targeting mitochondria eukaryotic cells. It can evolutionarily ancient initially developed control phytoplankton communities during algal blooms. Outcompeting gut symbiotic microorganisms lead dysbiosis, increased permeability, shift blood-brain-barrier functionality, eventually, mitochondrial dysfunction high-energy demanding neurons. A better understanding interaction metabolism nervous system will crucial target or prevent

Language: Английский

---

An overview on cyanobacterial blooms and toxins production: their occurrence and influencing factors

Toxin Reviews, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 41(1), P. 326 - 346

Published: Nov. 5, 2020

Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic bacteria inhabiting water surface. They can increase to form a mass large enough, termed as cyanobacterial bloom. Cyanobacterial blooms generate an array of harmful toxins, which may disturb sources, subsequently posing frightful health threat living organisms. The occurrence and toxins globally reported, mainly trigged by eutrophic conditions climate change. aim this review was provide the current knowledge on production; their influencing factors. In addition paper suggests some measures ensure toxic minimization.

Language: Английский

---