Evolving Concepts on Inflammatory Biomarkers and Malnutrition in Chronic Kidney Disease

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(20), P. 4297 - 4297

Published: Oct. 14, 2022

While patient care, kidney replacement therapy, and transplantation techniques for chronic disease (CKD) have continued to progress, the incidence of malnutrition disorders in CKD appears remained unchanged over time. However, there is now a better understanding underlying pathophysiology according background, stage, treatment received. In patients, increased production proinflammatory cytokines oxidative stress lead milieu that at least partially responsible morbidity mortality this population. New insights into pathogenic role innate immunity cytokine profile, characterized, instance, by higher levels IL-6 TNF-α, explain some clinical laboratory abnormalities observed these patients. article, we will explore currently available nutritional–inflammatory biomarkers distinct populations (hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, transplantation) with view evaluating their efficacy as predictors involvement common process. Although direct relationship between inflammatory-nutritional status, signs symptoms [e.g., protein-energy wasting (PEW), anorexia], comorbidities (e.g., atheromatosis, atherosclerosis), are need clearly standardized markers nutritional-inflammatory assessment improve performance design appropriate bidirectional interventions.

Language: Английский

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From Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome to Cardiovascular-Renal-Hepatic-Metabolic Syndrome: Proposing an Expanded Framework

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(2), P. 213 - 213

Published: Feb. 2, 2025

Cardiometabolic diseases represent an escalating global health crisis, slowing or even reversing earlier declines in cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality. Traditionally, conditions such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), atherosclerotic CVD, heart failure (HF), chronic kidney (CKD), and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver (MASLD) were managed isolation. However, emerging evidence reveals that these disorders share overlapping pathophysiological mechanisms treatment strategies. In 2023, the American Heart Association proposed Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic (CKM) syndrome, recognizing interconnected roles of heart, kidneys, system. Yet, this model omits liver—a critical organ impacted by dysfunction. MASLD, which can progress to steatohepatitis (MASH), is closely tied insulin resistance contributing directly renal impairment. Notably, MASLD bidirectionally associated with development progression CKM syndrome. As a result, we introduce expanded framework—the Cardiovascular-Renal-Hepatic-Metabolic (CRHM) syndrome—to more comprehensively capture broader inter-organ dynamics. We provide guidance for integrated diagnostic approach aimed at halting advanced stages preventing further damage. addition, highlight advances medical management target shared pathways, offering benefits across multiple systems. Viewing whole, rather than discrete entities, incorporating into framework fosters holistic strategy offers promising path addressing cardiometabolic pandemic.

Language: Английский

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Short-Chain Fatty Acids in Chronic Kidney Disease: Focus on Inflammation and Oxidative Stress Regulation

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 23(10), P. 5354 - 5354

Published: May 11, 2022

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a debilitating disease associated with several secondary complications that increase comorbidity and mortality. In patients CKD, there significant qualitative quantitative alteration in the gut microbiota, which, consequently, also leads to reduced production of beneficial bacterial metabolites, such as short-chain fatty acids. Evidence supports effects acids modulating inflammation oxidative stress, which are implicated CKD pathogenesis progression. Therefore, this review will provide an overview current knowledge, based on pre-clinical clinical evidence, effect SCFAs CKD-associated stress.

Language: Английский

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The Gut–Organ Axis within the Human Body: Gut Dysbiosis and the Role of Prebiotics

Life, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(10), P. 2023 - 2023

Published: Oct. 8, 2023

The human gut microbiota (GM) is a complex microbial ecosystem that colonises the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and comprised of bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa. GM has symbiotic relationship with its host fundamental for body homeostasis. not limited to scope GIT, but there are bidirectional interactions between other organs, highlighting concept "gut-organ axis". Any deviation from normal composition GM, termed "microbial dysbiosis", implicated in pathogenesis various diseases. Only few studies have demonstrated modifications disease phenotypes, it still unknown whether an altered contributes or simply reflects status. Restoration probiotics prebiotics been postulated, evidence effects limited. Prebiotics substrates "selectively utilized by microorganisms, conferring health benefit". This study highlights vital organs demonstrates dysbiosis emergence certain representative Finally, this article focuses on potential as target therapy manipulate presents gaps literature research.

Language: Английский

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The role of the intestinal microbiome in cognitive decline in patients with kidney disease

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 40(Supplement_2), P. ii4 - ii17

Published: March 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Cognitive decline is frequently seen in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The causes of cognitive these are likely to be multifactorial, including vascular disease, uraemic toxins, blood–brain barrier leakage, and metabolic endocrine changes. Gut dysbiosis common CKD contributes the increase toxins. However, gut microbiome modulates local systemic levels several metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids or derivatives tryptophan metabolism, neurotransmitters, endocannabinoid-like mediators, bile acids, hormones glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) cholecystokinin (CCK). These factors can affect function, immunity, autonomic nervous system activity various aspects brain function. Key areas include integrity, nerve myelination survival/proliferation, appetite, metabolism thermoregulation, mood, anxiety depression, stress inflammation. Alterations composition microbiota production biologically active well documented favoured by low-fiber diets, elevated urea levels, sedentary lifestyles, slow stool transit times polypharmacy. In turn, modulate function processes, discussed this review. Thus, may contribute alterations cognition a target for therapeutic interventions using diet, prebiotics probiotics.

Language: Английский

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Cardiovascular–Kidney–Metabolic Syndrome: A New Paradigm in Clinical Medicine or Going Back to Basics?

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(8), P. 2833 - 2833

Published: April 19, 2025

Cardiovascular, renal, and metabolic diseases are pathophysiologically interdependent, posing a significant global health challenge being associated with substantial increase in morbidity mortality. In 2023, the American Heart Association (AHA) defined this complex network of interconnected conditions as cardiovascular–kidney–metabolic (CKM) syndrome. This syndrome is based on common pathophysiological mechanisms, including chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, hyperglycemia insulin resistance, activation renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system (RAAS), neurohormonal dysfunction, which trigger vicious cycle where impairment one organ contributes to progressive deterioration others. An integrated approach these conditions, rather than treating them separate entities, supports holistic management strategy that helps reduce burden public improve patients’ quality life. Existing focuses lifestyle modification, glycemic lipid control, use nephroprotective cardioprotective therapies. narrative review aims synthesize contextualize existing information interactions between systems diagnostic approaches, well provide an overview available therapeutic options.

Language: Английский

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3-Carboxy-4-methyl-5-propyl-2-furanpropanoic acid (CMPF) induces cell death through ferroptosis and acts as a trigger of apoptosis in kidney cells

Cell Death and Disease, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(2)

Published: Feb. 2, 2023

Abstract Ferroptosis is a cell death mechanism characterized by intracellular iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation. Effects of uremic toxins on ferroptosis in the kidney are not well understood. We investigated whether protein-bound induce ferroptosis, resulting death, using bilateral ureteral obstruction (BUO) mouse model cells. In BUO mice, we observed elevated peroxidation, increased concentration, decreased glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) expression. Levels transferrin receptor 1 system Xc-, which involved transport storage, were also elevated, while those ferritin heavy light chains (FHC FLC) reduced. Treatment HK-2 NRK49F cells with CMPF GSH levels expression GPX4, FHC, FLC, ROS, concentration. CMPF-induced erastin-induced decreases GPX4 increases Bax cytochrome C counteracted ferrostatin-1 pretreatment. However, mRNA levels, protein abundance, or promoter activity restored Z-VAD-FMK, multi-caspase inhibitor. These results suggest that induced treatment induces apoptosis, inhibition reduces suggesting plays role triggering apoptosis.

Language: Английский

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Hypomagnesemia as a Risk Factor and Accelerator for Vascular Aging in Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Kidney Disease

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 306 - 306

Published: Feb. 19, 2023

The age-old axiom that one is as old his or her vessels are, calls for ongoing critical re-examination of modifiable risk factors accelerated vascular ageing in chronic kidney diseases. Attempts to modulate with cholesterol-lowering agents have largely failed advanced disease (CKD). In addition nitrogen waste products, many pathological biochemical processes also play a role calcification damage. Magnesium, cation vital the body, may substantially reduce cardiovascular diseases’ and progression. This narrative review aimed address relationship between hypomagnesemia calcification, which promotes further complications diabetes, aging, CKD. Articles predefined keywords were searched PubMed Google Scholar databases specific inclusion exclusion criteria. We hypothesized decrease serum magnesium levels contributes increased thereby increases mortality. summary, based on existing evidence literature, it appears simple inexpensive oral supplementation mortality patients who are already severely affected by such diseases; this context, concept ‘normal’ vs. ‘ideal’ should be carefully re-examined.

Language: Английский

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Unveiling the microbiota-metabolite-myocardium axis: a novel perspective on cardiovascular health

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15

Published: May 9, 2024

Cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction, remain a leading cause of death globally. Emerging evidence suggests the gut microbiota plays crucial role in cardiovascular health. This study aims to explore impact on infarction using mouse model.

Language: Английский

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The Gut-Peritoneum Axis in Peritoneal Dialysis and Peritoneal Fibrosis

Kidney Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 5(6), P. 100645 - 100645

Published: April 20, 2023

Language: Английский

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