Gut microbiome, short-chain fatty acids, alpha-synuclein, neuroinflammation, and ROS/RNS: Relevance to Parkinson's disease and therapeutic implications

Redox Biology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 71, P. 103092 - 103092

Published: Feb. 16, 2024

In this review, we explore how short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by the gut microbiome affect Parkinson's disease (PD) through their modulatory interactions with alpha-synuclein, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress mediated reactive oxygen nitrogen species (ROS/RNS). particular, SCFAs-such as acetate, propionate, butyrate-are involved in gut-brain communication can modulate alpha-synuclein aggregation, a hallmark of PD. The patients PD has lower levels SCFAs than healthy individuals. Probiotics may be potential strategy to restore alleviate symptoms, but underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Also discuss present guts brains PD, induce neuroinflammation via ROS/RNS. Alpha-synuclein is considered an early biomarker for link axis pathogenesis. Therefore, elucidating role impact on alpha-synuclein-induced microglia ROS/RNS crucial pathogenesis treatment.

Language: Английский

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The role of short-chain fatty acid in metabolic syndrome and its complications: focusing on immunity and inflammation

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Feb. 7, 2025

Metabolic syndrome (Mets) is an important contributor to morbidity and mortality in cardiovascular, liver, neurological, reproductive diseases. Short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), organismal energy donor, has recently been demonstrated increasing number of studies be molecule ameliorating immuno-inflammation, causative factor Mets, improve lipid distribution, blood glucose, body weight levels animal models Mets. This study reviews recent research advances on SCFA Mets from immune-inflammatory perspective, including complications dominated by chronic inflammation, as well the fact that these findings also contribute understanding specific mechanisms which gut flora metabolites metabolic processes humans. review proposes emerging role for inflammatory followed identification major ambiguities further understand anti-inflammatory potential this substance In addition, novel strategies modulate treatment may help mitigate prognosis its complications.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Gut Dysbiosis in the Loss of Intestinal Immune Cell Functions and Viral Pathogenesis

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(7), P. 1849 - 1849

Published: July 21, 2023

The gut microbiome plays a critical role in maintaining overall health and immune function. However, dysbiosis, an imbalance composition, can have profound effects on various aspects of human health, including susceptibility to viral infections. Despite numerous studies investigating the influence infections microbiome, impact dysbiosis infection pathogenesis remains relatively understudied. clinical variability observed SARS-CoV-2 seasonal influenza infections, presence natural HIV suppressors, suggests that host-intrinsic factors, may contribute pathogenesis. has been shown host system by regulating intestinal homeostasis through interactions with cells. This review aims enhance our understanding how perturb mucosal cells, affecting response Specifically, we focus exploring between gamma delta (γδ) T cells microbes context inflammatory examine highlighting disease outcomes. Furthermore, discuss emerging evidence potential future directions for modulation therapy

Language: Английский

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Steatotic liver disease, MASLD and risk of chronic kidney disease

Diabetes & Metabolism, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 50(1), P. 101506 - 101506

Published: Dec. 21, 2023

With the rising tide of fatty liver disease related to metabolic dysfunction worldwide, association this common with chronic kidney (CKD) has become increasingly evident. In 2020, more inclusive term dysfunction-associated (MAFLD) was proposed replace old nonalcoholic (NAFLD). 2023, a modified Delphi process led by three large pan-national associations. There consensus change nomenclature and definition include presence at least one five cardiometabolic risk factors as diagnostic criteria. The name chosen NAFLD steatotic (MASLD). from MAFLD then MASLD resulted in reappraisal epidemiological trends associations developing CKD. observed between MAFLD/MASLD CKD our understanding that can be an epiphenomenon linked underlying support notion individuals are substantially higher incident than those without MASLD. This narrative review provides overview literature on (a) evolution criteria for diagnosing highly prevalent disease, (b) evidence linking CKD, (c) mechanisms which (and strongly MASLD) may increase (d) potential drug treatments benefit both

Language: Английский

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Chronic kidney disease and gut microbiota

Heliyon, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 9(8), P. e18991 - e18991

Published: Aug. 1, 2023

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) refers to a range of various pathophysiological processes correlated with abnormal renal function and progressive loss in GFR. Just as dysbiosis altered pathology the gut are accompanied hypertension, which is significant CKD risk factor. Gut patients associated an elevated levels uremic toxins, turn increases progression. According research results, gut-kidney axis has role formation stones, also IgAN. A number researchers have categorized microbiota enterotypes, others, skeptical theory suggested biomarkers describe taxa that related lifestyle, nutrition, status. Metabolome-microbiome studies been used investigate interactions host-gut terms involvement metabolites these yielded promising results. The correlation between requires further multi-omic researches. Also, regard systems biology, on communication network proteins transporters such SLC ABC, can help us achieve deeper understanding gut-liver-kidney thus provide new horizons treatment patients. Probiotic-based approach reduce poisoning, accomplished by swallowing microbes those catalyze URS gut. If comprehensive carried out, we will know about probiotics impact slowing failure progression reducing inflammatory markers.

Language: Английский

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Causal effects of systemic inflammatory regulators on chronic kidney diseases and renal function: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Aug. 30, 2023

While targeted systemic inflammatory modulators show promise in preventing chronic kidney disease (CKD) progression, the causal link between specific factors and CKD remains uncertain.Using a genome-wide association study of 41 serum cytokines from 8,293 Finnish individuals, we conducted bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. In addition, genetically predicted associations 5 phenotypes, including CKD, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), dialysis, rapid progression decline eGFR. Inverse variance weighting (IVW) served as primary MR method, while MR-Egger, weighted median, MR-pleiotropy residual sum outlier (MR-PRESSO) were utilized for sensitivity Cochrane's Q test heterogeneity. Leave-one-out method ensured stability results, Bonferroni correction assessed relationship strength.Seventeen associated with diverse renal outcomes. Among them, after test, higher tumor necrosis factor alpha levels decrease eGFR (OR = 1.064, 95% CI 1.028 - 1.103, P 0.001), interleukin-4 an increase (β 0.003, 0.001 0.005, 0.002), growth regulated oncogene (GROα) increased risk (OR=1.035, 1.012 1.058, 0.003). contrast, genetic susceptibility to was GROa, may lead stem cell factor. We did not find presence horizontal pleiotropy during analysis.We discovered causally related that contribute initiation at prediction level.

Language: Английский

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Antibiotic-induced intestinal microbiota depletion can attenuate the acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease transition via NADPH oxidase 2 and trimethylamine-N-oxide inhibition

Kidney International, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 105(6), P. 1239 - 1253

Published: Feb. 29, 2024

Intestinal microbiota and their metabolites affect systemic inflammation kidney disease outcomes. Here, we investigated the key associated with acute injury (AKI)-to chronic (CKD) transition effect of antibiotic-induced depletion (AIMD) on this transition. In 61 patients AKI, 59 plasma were assessed to determine risk AKI-to-CKD An murine model was established four weeks after unilateral ischemia-reperfusion (IRI) effects AIMD gut microbiome, metabolites, pathological responses related CKD Human proximal tubular epithelial cells challenged transition-related inhibitory NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2) signals tested. Based clinical metabolomics, trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) a significant increased for [adjusted odds ratio 4.389 (95% confidence interval 1.106–17.416)]. vivo, inhibited IRI-induced increase in TMAO, along decreased apoptosis, inflammation, fibrosis. The expression NOX2 oxidative stress AIMD. vitro, TMAO induced fibrosis activation stress. inhibition successfully attenuated suppression G2/M arrest. (in vivo) showed improvement changes decrease without levels. Thus, is metabolite identified as regulator TMAO-related both vivo vitro.

Language: Английский

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The Kidney–Gut Axis as a Novel Target for Nutritional Intervention to Counteract Chronic Kidney Disease Progression

Metabolites, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(1), P. 78 - 78

Published: Jan. 22, 2024

A well-balanced diet is integral for overall health, aiding in managing key risk factors kidney damage like hypertension while supplying necessary precursors metabolite production. Dietary choices directly influence the composition and metabolic patterns of gut microbiota, showing promise as therapeutic tools addressing various health conditions, including chronic diseases (CKD). CKD pathogenesis involves a decline glomerular filtration rate retention nitrogen waste, fostering dysbiosis excessive production bacterial metabolites. These metabolites act uremic toxins, contributing to inflammation, oxidative stress, tissue remodeling kidneys. interventions hold significance reducing stress potentially slowing progression. Functional ingredients, nutrients, nephroprotective phytoconstituents could modulate inflammatory pathways or impact mucosa. The “gut–kidney axis” underscores microbes their on disease, with serving triggering event several diseases, CKD. This review provides comprehensive overview, focusing gut–liver axis, explores well-established bioactive substances well specific, less-known nutraceuticals supporting positively influencing

Language: Английский

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Approach to the diagnosis and management of dysbiosis

Frontiers in Nutrition, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11

Published: April 19, 2024

All microorganisms like bacteria, viruses and fungi that reside within a host environment are considered microbiome. The number of bacteria almost equal human cells, however, the genome these may be 100 times larger than genome. Every aspect physiology health can influenced by microbiome living in various parts our body. Any imbalance composition or function is seen as dysbiosis. Different types dysbiosis corresponding symptoms depend on site microbial imbalance. contribution intestinal extra-intestinal microbiota to influence systemic activities through interplay between different axes. Whole body complex process involving gut non-gut related It still at stage infancy has not yet been fully understood. Dysbiosis genetic factors, lifestyle habits, diet including ultra-processed foods food additives, well medications. associated with many diseases cannot diagnosed standard blood tests investigations. Microbiota derived metabolites analyzed useful management addressed altering proper modulation. effect interventions humans depends beneficial alteration mostly based animal studies evolving evidence from studies. There tremendous potential for diagnosis, treatment, prognosis diseases, as, monitoring disease humans. system-based approach diagnosis better pure taxonomic approach. could new therapeutic target conditions.

Language: Английский

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Exploring the Preventive and Therapeutic Mechanisms of Probiotics in Chronic Kidney Disease through the Gut–Kidney Axis

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 72(15), P. 8347 - 8364

Published: April 4, 2024

Gut dysbiosis contributes to deterioration of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Probiotics are a potential approach modulate gut microbiota and gut-derived metabolites alleviate CKD progression. We aim provide comprehensive view CKD-related critical perspective on probiotic function in CKD. First, this review addresses microbial alterations during progression the adverse effects associated with changes metabolites. Second, we conduct thorough examination latest clinical trials involving intervention unravel pathways via gut–kidney axis. Finally, propose our viewpoints limitations, further considerations, future research prospects adjuvant therapy alleviating Enhancing understanding host–microbe interactions is crucial for gaining precise insights into mechanisms through which probiotics exert their identifying factors that influence effectiveness developing strategies optimize use enhance outcomes.

Language: Английский

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