Antibiotic prescribing patterns and carriage of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli and Enterococcus species in healthy individuals from selected communities in Lusaka and Ndola districts, Zambia

JAC-Antimicrobial Resistance, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 6(2)

Published: March 5, 2024

Abstract Objectives This study assessed antibiotic prescribing patterns in primary healthcare facilities and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) profiles of commensal Escherichia coli enterococci isolated from pregnant women children under 5 years age. Materials methods cross-sectional was conducted Lusaka Ndola districts Zambia. Prescription pattern data were obtained hospital pharmacies. Identification susceptibility E. determined by conventional methods, while confirmation both pathogens AMR genes PCR. Data analysed using WHONET SPSS version 25.0. Results Most prescribed antibiotics at the belonged to Access group WHO Access, Watch Reserve (AWaRe) classification. All adhered AWaRe framework ≥60% belonging group. However, highest antibiotics. ampicillin ranged 71% 77% co-trimoxazole 74% 80%, enterococcal tetracycline 59%–64%. MDR (75%) isolates, XDR isolates (97%). The identified included blaCTX-M, sul2 qnrA, those erm(B), erm(C) erm(A). Conclusions Resistance These findings highlight need use local formulate country-specific treatment guidelines line with classification enforce regulations that prohibit easy access

Language: Английский

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Food Safety in Developing Countries: Common Foodborne and Waterborne Illnesses, Regulations, Organizational Structure, and Challenges of Food Safety in the Context of Nepal

Food Frontiers, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Nov. 16, 2024

ABSTRACT Food safety presents a global challenge, contributing to 600 million cases of foodborne diseases and 420,000 fatalities annually worldwide. In developing countries, such as Nepal, addressing food is particularly intricate arduous because the prevalent issues insecurity, poverty, illiteracy, regulatory hurdles. The objectives this comprehensive review are evaluate waterborne illnesses, examine existing regulations institutional frameworks, identify challenges associated with in Nepal. Additionally, aims propose strategies enhance measures country. An electronic search was conducted using relevant keywords include articles literature pertinent topic. Common illnesses Nepal cholera, typhoid fever, hepatitis, worm infections, poisoning from mushrooms, heavy metals, pesticides. While rules, regulations, government infrastructure exist, they often face limitations effectively these multifaceted challenges. faces several challenges, including inadequate limited surveillance monitoring, rural–urban disparities, high incidences illness. Additional stem weak law enforcement, poor practices, infrastructure, informal sector cross‐border trade, access clean water, impacts climate change. A multisectoral One Health approach involving collaboration among agencies, industry stakeholders, consumers, civil society organizations imperative countries

Language: Английский

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Antimicrobial Resistance Patterns and Risk Factors Associated with ESBL-Producing and MDR Escherichia coli in Hospital and Environmental Settings in Lusaka, Zambia: Implications for One Health, Antimicrobial Stewardship and Surveillance Systems

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(8), P. 1951 - 1951

Published: July 31, 2023

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a public health problem threatening human, animal, and environmental safety. This study assessed the AMR profiles risk factors associated with Escherichia coli in hospital settings Lusaka, Zambia. cross-sectional was conducted from April 2022 to August using 980 samples collected clinical settings. susceptibility testing BD PhoenixTM 100. The data were analysed SPSS version 26.0. Of samples, 51% sources. Overall, 64.5% of tested positive for E. coli, which 52.5% Additionally, 31.8% ESBL, 70.1% isolates. 632 isolates, 48.3% MDR. Most isolates resistant ampicillin (83.4%), sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (73.8%), ciprofloxacin (65.7%) while all (100%) some levofloxacin (30.6%). drivers MDR included pus (AOR = 4.6, CI: 1.9-11.3), male sex 2.1, 1.2-3.9), water 2.6, 1.2-5.8). found that common antibiotics used humans. presence concern calls vigorous infection prevention measures surveillance reduce its burdens.

Language: Английский

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Evaluation of antimicrobial resistance surveillance data sources in primary care setting: a scoping review

Family Practice, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 42(2)

Published: Feb. 7, 2025

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global health warning that increases mortality, morbidity, and medical expenses. Effective AMR surveillance essential to guide interventions maintain treatment efficacy. While studied in various healthcare settings, data sources primary care settings need be evaluated. To identify the value of utilizing inform community antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) practices. Eligibility criteria included studies, randomized nonrandomised controlled trials, observational surveys, qualitative mixed-method grey literature published worldwide from 2001 2024. Our review 21 studies emphasized significance enhance clinical care. Clinicians better understand local pattern when prescribing antibiotics. Despite limitations, educational can change behaviour. increased because susceptibility frequently did not empirical antibiotic treatment. Digital geospatial platforms could with institutional support standardized integration. This analysis highlights for user-friendly, real-time, easily accessible visualization improve AMS Addressing accessibility providing training education are crucial elements. Standardising digital technologies decision-making prescribing. These elements must incorporated into consistent adaptive plan effective public outcomes.

Language: Английский

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Drivers of inappropriate use of antimicrobials in South Asia: A systematic review of qualitative literature

PLOS Global Public Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 4(4), P. e0002507 - e0002507

Published: April 4, 2024

Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health crisis. Effective antimicrobial stewardship requires an understanding of the factors and context that contribute to inappropriate use antimicrobials. The goal this qualitative systematic review was synthesize themes across levels social ecological framework drive antimicrobials in South Asia. In September 2023, we conducted search using electronic databases PubMed Embase. Search terms, identified priori, were related research methods, topic, geographic location. We 165 articles from initial 8 upon reference (n = 173); after removing duplicates preprints 12) excluding those did not meet eligibility criteria 115), 46 included review. assessed methodological quality Critical Appraisal Skills Program checklist. studies represented 6 countries Asia, data patients, care providers, community members, policy makers. For each manuscript, wrote summary memo extract impede stewardship. coded memos NVivo software; codes organized by framework. Barriers at multiple including patient (self-treatment with antimicrobials; perceived value antimicrobials), provider (antimicrobials as universal therapy; gaps knowledge skills; financial or reputational incentives), clinical setting (lack resources; poor regulation facility), (access formal care; informal drug vendors; norms), (absence regulatory framework; implementation existing policies). This study first succinctly identify range norms, behaviors, contexts driving emphasizing importance working sectors design implement approaches specific region.

Language: Английский

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Drivers of antimicrobial resistance within the communities of Nepal from One Health perspective: a scoping review

Frontiers in Public Health, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: April 19, 2024

Background A major driver of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is the inappropriate use antimicrobials. At community level, people are often engaged in behaviors that drive AMR within human, animal, and environmental (One Health) impacts. This scoping review consolidates research to determine (a) community’s knowledge, attitudes, practices around AMR; (b) existing community-based interventions; (c) barriers enablers addressing Nepal. Methods follows Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. Literature indexed PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Global Index Medicus, HINARI-SUMMON, Embase (Ovid), Health CAB Abstracts Web Science, Google Scholar between January 2000 2023 were reviewed for inclusion. Articles included if they considered issues at level Nepal; this excluded clinical laboratory-based studies. total 47 studies met these criteria, extracted, analyzed consolidate key themes. Results 31 (66%) articles exclusively human health; five (11%) concentrated only on animal no solely focused aspects remaining jointly presented aspects. Findings revealed inadequate knowledge accompanied by practice both health sectors. Four interventions improved appropriate antimicrobials among people. However, various social economic factors found as community. Conclusion Community engagement One approaches could be tools improve awareness promote behavioral change related AM communities, current have alongside shared Systematic registration DOI: 10.17605/OSF.IO/FV326

Language: Английский

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Accelerating antimicrobial peptide design: Leveraging deep learning for rapid discovery

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 19(12), P. e0315477 - e0315477

Published: Dec. 20, 2024

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are excellent at fighting many different infections. This demonstrates how important it is to make new AMPs that even better eliminating The fundamental transformation in a variety of scientific disciplines, which led the emergence machine learning techniques, has presented significant opportunities for development antimicrobial peptides. Machine and deep used predict peptide efficacy study. main purpose overcome traditional experimental method constraints. Gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli model organism this investigation assesses 1,360 sequences exhibit anti- E . activity. These peptides’ minimal inhibitory concentrations have been observed be correlated with set 34 physicochemical characteristics. Two distinct methodologies implemented. initial involves utilizing pre-computed attributes as input data machine-learning classification approach. In second method, these features converted into signal images, then transmitted neural network. first methods accuracy 74% 92.9%, respectively. proposed were developed target single microorganism (gram negative ), however, they offered framework could potentially adapted other types antimicrobial, antiviral, anticancer further validation. Furthermore, potential result time cost reductions, well innovative AMP-based treatments. research contributes advancement learning-based AMP drug discovery by generating potent application. implications processing biological computation pharmacology.

Language: Английский

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High prevalence of ciprofloxacin resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from chickens, humans and the environment: An emerging one health issue

PLoS ONE, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 18(11), P. e0294043 - e0294043

Published: Nov. 20, 2023

The emergence of antimicrobial resistance in commensal bacteria poses a serious public health burden worldwide. Commensals can disseminate the genes to pathogenic causing life-threatening infections. This cross-sectional study was designed investigate pattern and molecular mechanism(s) ciprofloxacin E. coli from three major one components (humans, animals environment) Bangladesh. Samples were randomly collected broiler chickens, farm environments hospitalized human patients same geographical area. Isolation identification performed following standard bacteriological techniques. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) by disk diffusion broth microdilution methods. Mutation at quinolone-resistance determining region (QRDR) analyzed sequencing. Of 450 samples, total 287 (63.8%; 95% CI 59.2-68.1%) strains isolated, where 240 (83.6%; 78.9-87.5%) phenotypically resistant ciprofloxacin. prevalence ciprofloxacin-resistant chicken, are 77.6%, 88.8% 89% respectively. In AST against nine antimicrobials, all isolates found be multidrug-resistant (MDR). minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranged 4 >128mg/L. Point mutations detected several sites QRDR, specifically 83 87 amino acid positions gyrA gene, 56, 57, 78, 80 84 parC gene. Mutations resulted substitutions. Phylogenetic analysis gene sequences showed close relationship between isolated different sources. demonstrates high humans, environment interface their genealogically similarity an alarming consequence.

Language: Английский

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Quinolone and Tetracycline-Resistant Biofilm-Forming Escherichia coli Isolates from Slovak Broiler Chicken Farms and Chicken Meat

Applied Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(20), P. 9514 - 9514

Published: Oct. 18, 2024

Escherichia coli isolates from intensive poultry production are associated with antimicrobial resistance and worldwide health problems. The aim of the study was to detect evaluate phenotypic genotypic resistance, biofilm formation, phylogenetic typing, virulence factors in E. rectal swabs chickens two farms chicken meat purchased Slovakian food markets. Interpretative readings minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) revealed dominant ampicillin (>50%) both groups. We also detected higher ciprofloxacin (45%), tetracycline, + sulbactam, trimethoprim sulfonamide (each >30%). Here, 28.57% strains studied were multidrug-resistant (MDR). formation weak biofilms confirmed 8.8% coli, while one obtained cloacal classified as a strong producer. most frequently groups B1 A1 all PCR detection presence genes encoding tetracycline (tetAB) plasmid-mediated quinolone (qnrABS), Int1 (52.9%), Tn3 (76.5%), kpsMT II (8.8%), fimA (97.1%), cvaC (38.2%), iutA (76.5%) studied. Our results demonstrate that source antibiotic-resistant, biofilm-forming, virulent representing potential risk point view One Health concept.

Language: Английский

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Drivers of inappropriate use of antimicrobials in South Asia: A systematic review of qualitative literature

medRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory), Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Sept. 29, 2023

Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health crisis. Effective antimicrobial stewardship requires an understanding of the factors and context that contribute to inappropriate use antimicrobials. The goal this qualitative systematic review was synthesize themes across levels social ecological framework drive antimicrobials in South Asia. In September 2023, we conducted search using electronic databases PubMed Embase. Search terms, identified

Language: Английский

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