Ageing Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 102, P. 102513 - 102513
Published: Sept. 21, 2024
Language: Английский
Immunological Reviews, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 311(1), P. 224 - 233
Published: April 22, 2022
Osteopontin (OPN) also known by its official gene designation secreted phosphoprotein-1 (SPP1) is a fascinating, multifunctional protein expressed in number of cell types that functions not only intercellular communication, but the extracellular matrix (ECM). OPN/SPP1 possesses cytokine, chemokine, and signal transduction virtue modular structural motifs provide interaction surfaces for integrins CD44-variant receptors. In humans, there are three experimentally verified splice variants CD44's ten exons alternatively spiced cell/tissue-specific manner, although very little about how this regulated central nervous system (CNS). Post-translational modifications phosphorylation, glycosylation, localized cleavage specific proteases cells tissues where functions, provides additional layers specificity. However, former make elucidating exact molecular mechanisms function more complex. Flexibility structure engagement with having ability to transmit signals inside-out outside-in direction, likely why can serve as an early detector inflammation ongoing tissue damage response cancer, stroke, traumatic brain injury, pathogenic infection, neurodegeneration, processes impair homeostasis. This review will focus on what currently brain.
Language: Английский
Citations
90
Frontiers in Natural Products, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 3
Published: Jan. 7, 2025
The increasing prevalence of viral infections and the emergence drug-resistant or mutant strains necessitate exploration novel antiviral strategies. Accumulating evidence suggests that natural plant products have significant potential to enhance human response. Various (PNPs) known for their properties been evaluated ability modulate immune responses inhibit infections. Research has focused on understanding mechanisms by which these PNPs interact with system complement existing therapies. control compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, polyphenols promote cytokine synthesis, increase T-cell macrophage activity, activate genes. Studies investigated molecular interactions between PNPs, viruses, host cells, exploring combining conventional drugs efficacy. However, several challenges remain, including identifying, characterizing, standardizing PNP extracts, optimizing dosages, improving bioavailability, assessing long-term safety, navigating regulatory approval. promising is being explored develop new, effective, This review outlines a framework an integrative approach connect full in combating health. By treatments, more effective sustainable management diseases can be achieved.
Language: Английский
Citations
3
Cells, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 10(7), P. 1836 - 1836
Published: July 20, 2021
Microglia are the resident immune cells of central nervous system contributing substantially to health and disease. There is increasing evidence that inflammatory microglia may induce or accelerate brain aging, by interfering with physiological repair remodeling processes. Many viral infections affect interfere functions, including human deficiency virus, flaviviruses, SARS-CoV-2, influenza, herpes viruses. Especially chronic causing low-grade neuroinflammation contribute aging. This review elucidates potential role various neurotropic viruses in microglia-driven neurocognitive deficiencies possibly accelerated
Language: Английский
Citations
47
Fish & Shellfish Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 134, P. 108591 - 108591
Published: Feb. 4, 2023
Language: Английский
Citations
17
Glia, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 72(2), P. 227 - 244
Published: Aug. 31, 2023
Abstract Microglia are the resident phagocytes of brain, where they primarily function in clearance dead cells and removal un‐ or misfolded proteins. The impaired activity receptors proteins involved phagocytosis can result enhanced inflammation neurodegeneration. RNA‐seq genome‐wide association studies have linked multiple phagocytosis‐related genes to neurodegenerative diseases, while knockout such has been demonstrated exert protective effects against neurodegeneration animal models. failure microglial influences AD‐linked pathologies, including amyloid β accumulation, tau propagation, neuroinflammation, infection. However, a precise understanding microglia‐mediated Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still lacking. In this review, we summarize current knowledge molecular mechanisms AD across wide range pre‐clinical, post‐mortem , ex vivo, clinical review limitations regarding detection microglia AD. Finally, discuss rationale targeting as therapeutic strategy for preventing slowing its progression.
Language: Английский
Citations
17
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 22(11), P. 6153 - 6153
Published: June 7, 2021
Toll-like receptors (TLRs), a class of pattern recognition proteins, play an integral role in the modulation systemic inflammatory responses. Cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) are group pathological conditions that temporarily or permanently affect brain tissue mostly via decrease oxygen and glucose supply. TLRs have critical activation cascades following hypoxic-ischemic events subsequently contribute to neuroprotective detrimental effects CVD-induced neuroinflammation. The TLR signaling pathway downstream trigger immune responses production release various mediators. present review describes modulatory developed CVDs discusses potential benefits different improvement functional outcomes after ischemia.
Language: Английский
Citations
34
Viruses, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 14(8), P. 1808 - 1808
Published: Aug. 18, 2022
Members of the Flaviviridae family are posing a significant threat to human health worldwide. Many flaviviruses capable inducing severe inflammation in humans. nonstructural proteins, apart from their canonical roles viral replication, have noncanonical functions strongly affecting antiviral innate immunity. Among these functions, antagonism type I IFN is most investigated; meanwhile, more data accumulated on role other pathways response. This review systematizes last known proteins molecular mechanisms triggering inflammation, with an emphasis interactions TLRs and RLRs, interference NF-κB cGAS-STING signaling, activation inflammasomes.
Language: Английский
Citations
25
Journal of Nanobiotechnology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 20(1)
Published: Aug. 19, 2022
Innate immunity is the first line of defense against invading pathogens. immune cells can recognize pathogens through recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) via pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). The PAMPs by PRRs triggers mechanisms and secretion pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6. However, sustained overwhelming activation system may disrupt homeostasis contribute to inflammatory disorders. Immunomodulators targeting be beneficial treat infectious diseases their associated complications. therapeutic performances immunomodulators negatively affected (1) high immune-mediated toxicity, (2) poor solubility (3) bioactivity loss after long circulation. Recently, nanocarriers have emerged a very promising tool overcome these obstacles owning unique properties circulation, desired bio-distribution, preferred pharmacokinetic pharmacodynamic profiles. In this review, we aim provide an up-to-date overview on strategies applications nanocarrier-assisted innate modulation for management infections We summarize examples important modulators. types nanomaterials available drug delivery, well delivery immunomodulatory drugs vaccine adjuvants are also discussed.
Language: Английский
Citations
24
AIDS Research and Therapy, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(1)
Published: March 16, 2023
Abstract The usage of antiretroviral treatment (ART) has considerably decreased the morbidity and mortality related to HIV-1 (human immunodeficiency virus type 1) infection. However, ART is ineffective in eradicating from persistent cell reservoirs (e.g., microglia), noticeably hindering cure for HIV-1. Microglia participate progression neuroinflammation, brain aging, HIV-1-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND). Some methods have currently been studied as fundamental strategies targeting microglia. purpose this study was comprehend microglia biology its functions infection, well look into potential therapeutic approaches
Language: Английский
Citations
14
Molecular Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 61(5), P. 2881 - 2903
Published: Nov. 9, 2023
Abstract Viral infections of the central nervous system (CNS) cause variable outcomes from acute to severe neurological sequelae with increased morbidity and mortality. neuroinvasion directly or indirectly induces encephalitis via dysregulation immune response contributes alteration neuronal function degeneration cells. This review provides an overview cellular molecular mechanisms virus-induced neurodegeneration. Neurotropic viral influence many aspects dysfunction, including promoting chronic inflammation, inducing oxidative stress, impairing mitophagy, encountering mitochondrial dynamics, enhancing metabolic rewiring, altering neurotransmitter systems, misfolded aggregated pathological proteins associated neurodegenerative diseases. These pathogenetic create a multidimensional injury brain that leads specific dysfunction. The understanding underlying neurophathogenesis neurodegeneration infection may emphasize strategies for prevention, protection, treatment virus CNS.
Language: Английский
Citations
13