Computers and Electronics in Agriculture,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
219, P. 108812 - 108812
Published: March 4, 2024
Plant
disease
is
one
of
the
major
problems
in
agriculture.
Diseases
damage
plants,
reduce
yields
and
lower
quality
produce.
Traditional
approaches
to
detecting
plant
diseases
are
usually
based
on
visual
inspection
laboratory
testing,
which
can
be
expensive
time-consuming.
They
require
trained
pathologists
as
well
specialised
equipment.
Several
studies
demonstrate
that
artificial
intelligence
(AI)
methods
produce
promising
results.
However,
AI
generally
data-hungry
large
annotated
datasets,
collection
annotation
such
datasets
a
limiting
factor.
It
often
appears
only
small
amount
data
available
for
certain
types.
Whereas
performance
typical
drops
significantly
when
they
with
inadequate
data.
This
paper
proposes
novel
few-shot
learning
(FSL)
method
detect
alleviate
scarcity
problem.
The
proposed
uses
few
five
images
per
class
machine
process.
Our
state-of-the-art
FSL
pipeline
called
pre-training,
meta-learning,
fine-tuning
(PMF),
integrated
feature
attention
(FA)
module;
we
call
overall
PMF+FA.
FA
module
emphasises
discriminative
parts
image
reduces
impact
complicated
backgrounds
undesired
objects.
We
used
ResNet50
Vision
Transformers
(ViT)
learner.
Two
publicly
were
repurposed
meet
requirements.
thoroughly
evaluated
PlantDoc
dataset,
contains
samples
field
environments
complex
unwanted
PMF+FA
ViT
achieved
an
average
accuracy
90.12%
recognition.
results
consistently
outperforms
baseline
PMF.
also
highlight
using
generates
better
than
diagnosing
implementations
computationally
efficient,
taking
1.11
0.57
ms
evaluate
test
set
respectively.
high
throughput
high-quality
training
dataset
indicate
technique
real-time
detection
digital
farming
systems.
Viruses,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
15(2), P. 401 - 401
Published: Jan. 31, 2023
High
Plains
wheat
mosaic
virus
(HPWMoV)
causes
a
serious
disease
in
major
wheat-growing
regions
worldwide.
We
report
here
the
complete
or
partial
genomic
sequences
of
five
HPWMoV
isolates
from
Australian
samples.
Phylogenetic
analysis
nucleotide
eight
segments
these
together
with
others
Genbank
found
all
genes
formed
two
lineages,
L1
and
L2.
contained
single
isolate
Colorado
North
American
Great
Region
(GPR),
L2
had
unresolved
clusters,
A
B,
Australia
GPR.
quarter
L2B
nucleocapsid
gene
(RNA3)
were
recombinant,
which
is
unexpected
as
little
evidence
recombination
exists
viruses
negative
single-stranded
RNA
genomes.
Phylogenies
calculated
amino
acid
HPWMoV’s
RNA-dependent
RNA-polymerase
(RNA1),
glycoprotein
(RNA2),
protein
showed
they
closest
to
those
Palo
Verde
broom
virus.
However,
its
movement
(RNA4)
was
closer
Ti
ringspot-associated
common
oak
viruses,
indicating
RNA4
their
ancestors
reassorted
produce
current
emaraviruses.
To
avoid
increased
yield
losses
co-infection,
biosecurity
measures
are
advised
introduction
countries
where
streak
already
occurs.
The Plant Journal,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
117(6), P. 1786 - 1799
Published: Oct. 30, 2023
SUMMARY
Inter‐virus
relationships
in
mixed
infections
and
virus‐drought
are
important
agriculture
natural
vegetation.
In
this
quantitative
review,
we
sampled
published
factorial
experiments
to
probe
for
against
the
null
hypothesis
of
additivity.
Our
sample
captured
antagonistic,
additive
synergistic
inter‐virus
double
infections.
Virus‐drought
our
were
or
reinforcing
notion
that
viruses
have
neutral
positive
effects
on
droughted
plants,
drought
enhances
plant
tolerance
viruses.
Both
vary
with
virus
species,
host
level
cultivar
accession,
timing
infection,
age
trait
growing
conditions.
The
trait‐dependence
these
has
implications
resource
allocation
plants.
Owing
lagging
theories,
more
experimental
research
fields
is
bound
return
phenomenological
outcomes.
Theoretical
work
can
advance
two
complementary
directions.
First,
effective
theory
models
behaviour
system
without
specifying
all
underlying
causes
lead
state
change.
Second,
mechanistic
based
a
nuanced
view
phenotype
explicitly
considers
downward
causation;
influence
relations
vice
versa;
impact
timing,
intensity
duration
interacting
modulate
phenotype;
both
soil
(moisture)
atmospheric
(vapour
pressure
deficit)
aspects
drought.
Theories
should
scale
time,
from
short
term
full
season,
levels
organisation
up
relevant
traits:
crop
yield
fitness
nature.
Viruses,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
14(11), P. 2511 - 2511
Published: Nov. 13, 2022
Turnip
yellows
virus
(TuYV)
is
one
of
the
most
important
pathogens
oilseed
rape
worldwide.
The
has
a
large
host
range
including
many
crop
species
(e.g.,
rape,
pea,
chickpea)
and
weeds
from
more
than
twenty
plant
families.
Other
we
detected
TuYV
in
commonly
grown
weed
that
share
fields
vegetation
period
together
with
canola
crops
Czech
Slovak
Republics.
was
by
reverse-transcription
polymerase
chain
reaction
(RT-PCR)
at
least
26
main
hosts
(oilseed
rape),
intercrops
such
as
Amaranthus
retroflexus,
Atriplex
patula
(Amaranthaceae),
Arctium
lappa,
Lactuca
serriola,
Taraxacum
officinale,
Tripleurospermum
inodorum
(Asteraceae),
Phacelia
tanacetifolia
(Boraginaceae),
Brassica
napus,
Capsella
bursa-pastoris,
Descurainia
Sophia,
Raphanus
raphanistrum,
Sinapis
alba,
Sisymbrium
Thlaspi
arvense
(Brassicaceae),
Silene
Stellaria
media
(Caryophyllaceae),
Euphorbia
helioscopia
(Euphorbiaceae),
Geranium
rotundifolium
(Geraniaceae),
Lamium
purpureum
(Lamiaceae),
Fumaria
officinalis,
Papaver
rhoeas
(Papaveraceae),
Veronica
persica
(Plantaginaceae
syn.
Scrophulariaceae),
Fallopia
convolvulus
(Polygonaceae),
Solanum
nigrum
(Solanaceae),
Urtica
dioica
(Urticaceae)
Viola
arvensis
(Violaceae).
detection
further
confirmed
RT-qPCR
well
Sanger
sequencing
PCR
fragments.
We
discovered
four
new
T.
inodorum,
S.
G.
E.
helioscopia,
representing
their
three
respective
readthrough
domain
(RTD)
gene
sequence
analysis
isolates
showed
similar
within-group
nucleotide
divergence
(7.1%
5.6%,
respectively)
absence
geographical-
or
host-based
phylogenetic
clustering.
high-throughput
P.
sample
enabled
obtention
nearly
complete
genome
revealed
mixed
infection
turnip
mosaic
cucumber
virus.
Our
results
thus
show
are
an
reservoir
play
significant
role
spread
incidence
disease
field
rape.
Viruses,
Journal Year:
2024,
Volume and Issue:
16(1), P. 144 - 144
Published: Jan. 18, 2024
Here,
we
review
the
research
undertaken
since
1950s
in
Australia’s
grain
cropping
regions
on
seed-borne
virus
diseases
of
cool-season
pulses
caused
by
alfalfa
mosaic
(AMV)
and
cucumber
(CMV).
We
present
brief
background
information
about
continent’s
pulse
industry,
epidemiology,
management
principles
future
threats
to
disease
management.
then
take
a
historical
approach
towards
all
past
investigations
with
these
two
viruses
principal
crops
grown:
chickpea,
faba
bean,
field
pea,
lentil,
narrow-leafed
lupin
white
lupin.
With
each
pathosystem,
main
focus
is
its
biology,
epidemiology
management,
placing
particular
emphasis
describing
glasshouse
experimentation
that
enabled
development
effective
phytosanitary,
cultural
host
resistance
control
strategies.
Past
Australian
AMV
CMV
less
commonly
grown
species
(vetches,
narbon
fenugreek,
yellow
pearl
lupin,
grass
pea
other
Lathyrus
species)
those
five
important
also
found
(broad
bean
stain
virus,
broad
true
wilt
cowpea
mild
mottle
peanut
virus)
are
summarized.
The
need
for
emphasized,
recommendations
made
regarding
what
required.
Finger
millet
is
a
nutritious
cereal
crop
cultivated
traditionally
in
Africa,
Asia,
and
America.
It
the
second
most
important
India,
where
it
grown
on
more
than
2.6
million
hectares
produces
3.0
tonnes
annually.
grains
are
rich
protein,
fiber,
minerals
(calcium,
iron,
zinc),
amino
acids
(tryptophan,
cysteine,
methionine),
have
potential
health
benefits.
However,
finger
production
threatened
by
various
pests
diseases,
which
can
cause
significant
yield
losses
quality
deterioration.
Climate
change
may
increase
these
challenges
creating
favorable
conditions
for
pest
disease
outbreaks
or
unsuitable
during
leading
to
decrease
yield.
Therefore,
there
need
compare
evaluate
different
management
strategies
cultivation
their
impact
yield,
quality,
sustainability.
In
this
chapter,
we
aim
review
current
literature
identify
effective
environmentally
friendly
methods
solutions.
Our
chapter
contributes
knowledge
practice
of
sustainable
food
security.
Frontiers in Horticulture,
Journal Year:
2023,
Volume and Issue:
2
Published: Sept. 29, 2023
Australia
is
a
major
grain
exporter,
and
this
trade
makes
an
important
contribution
to
its
economy.
Fortunately,
it
remains
free
of
many
damaging
virus
diseases
vectors
found
elsewhere.
However,
crop
biosecurity
under
increasing
pressure
from
global
ecological,
climatic,
demographic
challenges.
Stringent
plant
health
programs
safeguard
Australian
production
vector
incursions
entering
via
different
pathways.
These
formerly
relied
upon
traditional
testing
procedures
(indicator
hosts,
serology,
PCRs)
intercept
incoming
virus-contaminated
material.
Recently,
the
integration
rapid
genomic
diagnostics
innovation
involving
High
Throughput
Sequencing
(HTS)
smart
tools
into
sample
schedules
exploration
improve
accuracy,
efficiency,
cost
effectiveness
diverse
circumstances.
This
process
includes
evaluating
deployment
Illumina
Oxford
Nanopore
Technology
shotgun
sequencing.
It
also
targeted
viral
genome
HTS
metabarcoding
approaches.
In
addition,
using
machine
learning
deep
capacities
for
big
data
analyses
remote
sensing
technologies
will
surveillance.
Tracking
variants
be
improved
by
surveillance
networks
which
combine
genomic-surveillance
systems
with
interoperable
database.
specimen
collections
help
ensure
accuracy
identifications
based
solely
on
genetic
information.
Enhancing
routine
diagnosis
collection
these
innovations
post
entry
interception
background
reduce
frequency
new
incursions,
management
during
eradication,
containment
other
activities,
achieve
more
profitable
production.
Plant Pathology,
Journal Year:
2022,
Volume and Issue:
71(8), P. 1660 - 1673
Published: July 15, 2022
Abstract
Wheat
streak
mosaic
tritimovirus
(WSMV)
seriously
damages
wheat
worldwide.
We
report
analyses
of
new
complete
ORF
(CO)
sequences
from
seven
Australian
isolates
with
56
COs
and
128
coat
protein
(CP)
genes
sequenced
previously.
Eleven
CO
three
CP
were
recombinants
so
removed
our
analyses.
Patristic
distances
maximum‐likelihood
phylogenies
nonrecombinant
(n‐rec)
their
closely
correlated
(
R
=
0.994,
p
≤
0.00001).
The
phylogeny
all
188
n‐rec
had
four
well‐supported
phylogroups
(I–IV):
phylogroup
I
(one
Mexican
sequence),
II
(six
Iranian
sequences),
III
(48
sequences)
IV
(133
each
basal
either
mostly
European
(phylogroup
III)
or
American
IV)
terminal
sequences.
South
formed
a
subcluster
within
Pacific
Northwest
USA
cluster.
Unlike
the
Iranian,
populations,
North
populations
demonstrated
recent
population
imbalance.
Sample
collection
dates
40
are
known,
allowing
WSMV
dating
by
RTDT
methodology.
most
ancestor
was
dated
at
1456
CE,
cluster
1998.7
only
2–3
years
before
first
reported.
Tritimoviruses
originated
in
central
Eurasia,
entering
its
Middle
East
domestication
centre
one
lineage
being
taken
to
Mexico
after
Spanish
conquest,
whereas
other
spread
throughout
Iran,
spreading
world
regions.
Probable
future
regions
additional
phylogroups,
interphylogroup
recombinants,
constitutes
biosecurity
concern.