Recent advances in mRNA cancer vaccines: meeting challenges and embracing opportunities

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: Sept. 6, 2023

Since the successful application of messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines in preventing COVID-19, researchers have been striving to develop mRNA for clinical use, including those exploited anti-tumor therapy. cancer emerged as a promising novel approach immunotherapy, offering high specificity, better efficacy, and fewer side effects compared traditional treatments. Multiple therapeutic are being evaluated preclinical trials, with early-phase results. However, development these faces various challenges, such tumor heterogeneity, an immunosuppressive microenvironment, practical obstacles like vaccine administration methods evaluation systems application. To address we highlight recent advances from studies trials that provide insight into identifying associated discuss potential strategies overcome them. In future, it is crucial caution diligence while promoting innovation existing barriers. A delicate balance between opportunities challenges will help guide progress this field towards its full potential.

Language: Английский

---

mRNA vaccines: The future of prevention of viral infections?

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 95(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2023

Abstract Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines against COVID‐19 are the first authorized biological preparations developed using this platform. During pandemic, their administration has been proven to be a life‐saving intervention. Here, we review main advantages of mRNA vaccines, identify further technological challenges met during development platform, and provide an update on clinical progress leading vaccine candidates different viruses that include influenza viruses, human immunodeficiency virus 1, respiratory syncytial virus, Nipah Zika cytomegalovirus, Epstein‐Barr virus. The prospects manufacturing in low‐income countries also discussed. ongoing interest research technology likely overcome some existing for (e.g., related storage conditions immunogenicity components lipid nanoparticles) enhance portfolio diseases which classical formulations already authorized. It may open novel pathways protection infections consequences no safe efficient immunization methods currently available.

Language: Английский

---

A lung-selective delivery of mRNA encoding broadly neutralizing antibody against SARS-CoV-2 infection

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14(1)

Published: Dec. 5, 2023

Abstract The respiratory system, especially the lung, is key site of pathological injury induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection. Given low feasibility targeted delivery antibodies into lungs intravenous administration and short half-life period in intranasal or aerosolized immunization, mRNA encoding broadly neutralizing with lung-targeting capability can perfectly provide high-titer to prevent Here, we firstly identify a human monoclonal antibody, 8-9D, broad potency against variants. neutralization mechanism this antibody explained structural characteristics 8-9D Fabs complex Omicron BA.5 spike. In addition, evaluate efficacy using safe robust platform compare performance when its not selectively delivered lungs. lung-selective enables expression which blocks invasion virus, thus effectively protecting female K18-hACE2 transgenic mice from challenge Beta BA.1 variant. Our work underscores potential application prevention treatment infections caused circulating

Language: Английский

---

Infection and Prevention of Rabies Viruses

Microorganisms, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 380 - 380

Published: Feb. 9, 2025

Rabies is a fatal zoonotic disease and causes about 59,000 human deaths globally every year. Especially, its mortality almost 100% in cases where the rabies virus has transmitted to central nervous system. The special life cycle pathogenic mechanism make it difficult for host immune system combat viruses. Vaccination including pre-exposure post-exposure prophylaxis an effective strategy prevention. vaccination mainly applied animals most application humans. Although vaccines are widely used seem be safe effective, there some disadvantages, limitations, or challenges affecting vaccine promotion distribution. Therefore, more convenient, safer, cheaper have been developed being developed. development of novel focusing on based purified Vero cell-cultured freeze-dried (PVRV). PVRV demonstrated promising secure animal studies clinical trials. Moreover, mRNA-based shown potential enhance safety efficacy both uses.

Language: Английский

---

Unveiling the Threat of Disease X: Preparing for the Next Global Pandemic

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 97(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2025

ABSTRACT The term “Disease X”, first introduced by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2018, symbolizes threat of an unknown pathogen capable causing a global pandemic. Classified as “priority pathogens,” Disease X stands alongside well‐known threats like SARS, Ebola, and ZIKV due to its potential for widespread outbreaks. SARS‐CoV‐2 is considered X” fulfill this prediction, demonstrating devastating impact such pathogens can have. A future could pose even greater threat, with catastrophic consequences. This paper examines origins pathogens, drawing lessons from outbreaks MERS, SARS‐CoV‐2. It also highlights strategic approaches detect, prevent, respond effectively mitigate risk pandemics.

Language: Английский

---

Technological breakthroughs and advancements in the application of mRNA vaccines: a comprehensive exploration and future prospects

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: March 4, 2025

mRNA vaccines utilize single-stranded linear DNA as a template for in vitro transcription. The is introduced into the cytoplasm via corresponding delivery system to express target protein, which then performs its relevant biological function. are beneficial various fields, including cancer vaccines, infectious disease protein replacement therapy, and treatment of rare diseases. They offer advantages such simple manufacturing process, quick development cycle, ease industrialization. Additionally, afford flexibility adjusting antigen designs combining sequences multiple variants, thereby addressing issue frequent mutations pathogenic microorganisms. This paper aims provide an extensive review global current research status with focus on immunogenicity, classification, design, vector development, stability, biomedical application. Moreover, study highlights challenges offers insights future directions development.

Language: Английский

---

The Novelty of mRNA Viral Vaccines and Potential Harms: A Scoping Review

J — Multidisciplinary Scientific Journal, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6(2), P. 220 - 235

Published: April 17, 2023

Pharmacovigilance databases are showing evidence of injury in the context modified COVID-19 mRNA products. According to recent publications, adverse event reports linked injections largely point spike protein as an aetiological agent events, but we propose that platform itself may be culpable. To assess safety current and future vaccines, further analysis is needed on risks due itself, not specifically expressed antigen. If harm can exclusively conclusively attributed protein, then it possible vaccines expressing other antigens will safe. harms attributable regardless toxicity, or lack thereof, antigen expressed, inherently unsafe, pending modification. In this work, examine previous studies RNA-based delivery by a lipid nanoparticle (LNP) break down elements harm.

Language: Английский

---

Key Considerations during the Transition from the Acute Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Review

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(9), P. 1502 - 1502

Published: Sept. 19, 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has been met with an unprecedented response from the scientific community, leading to development, investigation, and authorization of vaccines antivirals, ultimately reducing impact SARS-CoV-2 on global public health. However, is far being eradicated, continues evolve, causes substantial health economic burdens. In this narrative review, we posit essential points its responsible management during transition acute phase pandemic. As discussed, despite Omicron (sub)variant(s) causing clinically milder infections, a negligible pathogen. It requires continued genomic surveillance, particularly if one considers that future (sub)lineages do not necessarily have be milder. Antivirals remain elements in management. former could benefit further development improvements dosing, while seasonal administration latter simplification increase interest tackle vaccine hesitancy. also ensure accessibility pharmaceuticals low-income countries improve understanding their use context long-term goals Regardless location, primary role awareness education must played by healthcare workers, who directly communicate patients serve as models for healthy behaviors.

Language: Английский

---

Advanced nanoscale delivery systems for mRNA-based vaccines

Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - General Subjects, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 1868(3), P. 130558 - 130558

Published: Jan. 5, 2024

Language: Английский

---

Recent Findings on Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines: An Updated Review

Biomolecules, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 14(4), P. 503 - 503

Published: April 21, 2024

Cancer remains one of the global leading causes death and various vaccines have been developed over years against it, including cell-based, nucleic acid-based, viral-based cancer vaccines. Although many effective in vivo clinical studies some FDA-approved, there are major limitations to overcome: (1) developing universal vaccine for a specific is difficult, as tumors with different antigens individuals, (2) tumor may be similar body’s own antigens, (3) possibility recurrence. Therefore, personalized ability distinguish between indispensable. This paper provides comprehensive review types highlights important factors necessary efficient Moreover, application other technologies therapy discussed. Finally, several insights conclusions presented, such using cold plasma stem cells future vaccines, tackle developmental process.

Language: Английский

---