An updated review on pathogenic coronaviruses (CoVs) amid the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants: A look into the repercussions and possible solutions DOI Creative Commons
Ali A. Rabaan,

Maha Fahad Alenazy,

Ahmad A. Alshehri

et al.

Journal of Infection and Public Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 16(11), P. 1870 - 1883

Published: Sept. 9, 2023

SARS-CoV-2, responsible for COVID-19, shares 79% and 50% of its identity with SARS-CoV-1 MERS-CoV, respectively. It uses the same main cell attachment entry receptor as SARS-CoV-1, which is ACE-2 receptor. However, key residues in receptor-binding domain S-protein seem to give it a stronger affinity better ability hide from host immune system. Like cytokine storms critically ill COVID-19 patients cause ARDS, neurological pathology, multiorgan failure, increased death. Though many issues remain, global research effort lessons MERS-CoV are hopeful. The emergence novel SARS-CoV-2 variants subvariants raised serious concerns among scientific community amid other viral diseases like monkeypox Marburg virus, major healthcare settings worldwide. Hence, an updated review on comparative analysis various coronaviruses (CoVs) has been developed, highlights evolution CoVs their repercussions.

Language: Английский

The Delta and Omicron Variants of SARS-CoV-2: What We Know So Far DOI Creative Commons
Vivek P. Chavda, Rajashri Bezbaruah,

Kangkan Deka

et al.

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(11), P. 1926 - 1926

Published: Nov. 14, 2022

The world has not yet completely overcome the fear of havoc brought by SARS-CoV-2. virus undergone several mutations since its initial appearance in China December 2019. Several variations (i.e., B.1.616.1 (Kappa variant), B.1.617.2 (Delta B.1.617.3, and BA.2.75 (Omicron variant)) have emerged throughout pandemic, altering virus's capacity to spread, risk profile, even symptoms. Humanity faces a serious threat as long keeps adapting changing fundamental function evade immune system. Delta variant two escape alterations, E484Q L452R, well other mutations; most notable these is P681R, which expected boost infectivity, whereas Omicron about 60 with certain deletions insertions. 40-60% more contagious comparison Alpha variant. Additionally, AY.1 lineage, also known "Delta plus" variant, surfaced result mutation was one causes life-threatening second wave coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Nevertheless, recent variants represent reminder that COVID-19 epidemic far from ending. sparked fervor investigation on why initially appeared propagate so much rapidly than three concerns (VOCs), whether it threatening those ways, how type mutations, induce minor changes proteins, can wreck trouble. This review sheds light pathogenicity, treatments, impact vaccine efficacy

Language: Английский

Citations

75
Adenoviral Vector-Based Vaccine Platform for COVID-19: Current Status DOI Creative Commons
Vivek P. Chavda, Rajashri Bezbaruah,

Disha Valu

et al.

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 432 - 432

Published: Feb. 13, 2023

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) breakout had an unimaginable worldwide effect in the 21st century, claiming millions of lives and putting a huge burden on global economy. potential developments vaccine technologies following determination genetic sequence SARS-CoV-2 increasing efforts to bring vaccines therapeutics into market for emergency use have provided small bright spot this tragic event. Several intriguing candidates been developed using recombinant technology, engineering, other development technologies. In last decade, vast amount process has diversified towards usage viral vector-based vaccines. immune response elicited by such is comparatively higher than approved that require booster dose provide sufficient protection. non-replicating adenoviral vectors are promising carriers infectious diseases due better yield, cGMP-friendly manufacturing processes, safety, efficacy, manageable shipping, storage procedures. As April 2022, WHO total 10 around world COVID-19 (33 at least one country), among which three This review sheds light developmental summary all under authorization (EUA) or different stages management.

Language: Английский

Citations

55
Protein subunit vaccines: Promising frontiers against COVID-19 DOI
Vivek P. Chavda, Eswara Naga Hanuma Kumar Ghali, Pankti C. Balar

et al.

Journal of Controlled Release, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 366, P. 761 - 782

Published: Jan. 20, 2024

Language: Английский

Citations

19
mRNA-Based Vaccines and Therapeutics for COVID-19 and Future Pandemics DOI Creative Commons
Vivek P. Chavda,

Shailvi Soni,

Lalitkumar K. Vora

et al.

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 10(12), P. 2150 - 2150

Published: Dec. 15, 2022

An unheard mobilization of resources to find SARS-CoV-2 vaccines and therapies has been sparked by the COVID-19 pandemic. Two years ago, COVID-19’s launch propelled mRNA-based technologies into public eye. Knowledge gained from mRNA technology used combat is assisting in creation treatments treat existing illnesses may avert pandemics future. Exploiting capacity create therapeutic proteins impede or a variety illnesses, including cancer, main goal quickly developing, highly multidisciplinary field biomedicine. In this review, we explore potential as vaccine using current research findings.

Language: Английский

Citations

64
Recent review of COVID-19 management: diagnosis, treatment and vaccination DOI Open Access
Vivek P. Chavda, Suneetha Vuppu, Toshika Mishra

et al.

Pharmacological Reports, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 74(6), P. 1120 - 1148

Published: Oct. 10, 2022

Language: Английский

Citations

55
Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies for COVID-19 management: an update DOI
Vivek P. Chavda,

Riddhi Prajapati,

Disha Lathigara

et al.

Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 22(6), P. 763 - 780

Published: May 23, 2022

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has affected more than 529 million people, and today the world is facing different mutant strains of virus, leading to increased morbidity rates, fatality surfacing re-infections. Various therapies, such as prophylactic treatments, repurposed drug convalescent plasma, polyclonal antibody therapy have been developed help combat disease 2019 (COVID-19).This review article provides insights into basic aspects monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) for COVID-19, well its advancement in terms clinical trial current approval status.Monoclonal represents most effective viable and/or prophylaxis option against shown a reduction viral load, lowering hospitalizations death rates. In countries, various mAbs are undergoing phases trials, with few them having entered III IV. Due soaring number cases worldwide, FDA given emergency mAb combinations bamlanivimab etesevimab casirivimab imdevimab.

Language: Английский

Citations

54
Fast-track development of vaccines for SARS-CoV-2: The shots that saved the world DOI Creative Commons
Vivek P. Chavda, Qian Yao, Lalitkumar K. Vora

et al.

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Oct. 3, 2022

In December 2019, an outbreak emerged of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) which leads to disease 2019 (COVID-19). The World Health Organisation announced the a global health emergency on 30 January 2020 and by 11 March it was declared pandemic. spread severity took heavy toll overburdening system, particularly since there were no available drugs against SARS-CoV-2. With immediate worldwide effort, communication, sharing data, large amounts funding, researchers pharmaceutical companies immediately fast-tracked vaccine development in order prevent disease, hospitalizations death. A number vaccines quickly approved for use, vaccination rollouts put place. However, due several individuals being hesitant vaccinations many poorer countries not having access vaccines, multiple SARS-CoV-2 variants that distinct from original variant. Uncertainties related effectiveness various new as well specific-side effects have remained concern. Despite these uncertainties, fast-track approval, manufacturing at scale, effective distribution COVID-19 remain topmost priorities around world. Unprecedented efforts made developers/researchers healthcare staff, played major role distributing shots provided protection and/or reduced severity, deaths, even with delta omicron variants. Fortunately, those who become infected, appears protect hospitalisation, fatality COVID-19. Herein, we analyse ongoing studies platforms saved deaths

Language: Английский

Citations

47
mRNA-Based Vaccine for COVID-19: They Are New but Not Unknown! DOI Creative Commons
Vivek P. Chavda,

Gargi Jogi,

Srusti Dave

et al.

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(3), P. 507 - 507

Published: Feb. 22, 2023

mRNA vaccines take advantage of the mechanism that our cells use to produce proteins. Our proteins based on knowledge contained in DNA; each gene encodes a unique protein. The genetic information is essential, but cannot it until molecules convert into instructions for producing specific vaccinations provide ready-to-use constructing BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) and mRNA-1273 (Moderna) both are newly approved mRNA-based COVID-19 have shown excellent protection efficacy. In total, there five more vaccine candidates under different phases clinical development. This review specifically focused covering its development, mechanism, aspects.

Language: Английский

Citations

33
Conventional and Novel Diagnostic Tools for the Diagnosis of Emerging SARS-CoV-2 Variants DOI Creative Commons
Vivek P. Chavda,

Disha Valu,

Palak K. Parikh

et al.

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(2), P. 374 - 374

Published: Feb. 6, 2023

Accurate identification at an early stage of infection is critical for effective care any infectious disease. The “coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)” outbreak, caused by the virus “Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)”, corresponds to current and global pandemic, characterized several developing variants, many which are classified as variants concern (VOCs) “World Health Organization (WHO, Geneva, Switzerland)”. primary diagnosis made using either molecular technique RT-PCR, detects parts viral genome’s RNA, or immunodiagnostic procedures, identify proteins antibodies generated host. As demand RT-PCR test grew fast, inexperienced producers joined market with innovative kits, increasing number laboratories diagnostic field, rendering results increasingly prone mistakes. It difficult determine how outcomes one unnoticed result could influence decisions about patient quarantine social isolation, particularly when patients themselves health providers. development point-of-care testing helps in rapid in-field disease, such can also be used a bedside monitor mapping progression patients. In this review, we have provided readers available techniques their pitfalls detecting emerging VOCs SARS-CoV-2, lastly, discussed AI-ML- nanotechnology-based smart SARS-CoV-2 detection.

Language: Английский

Citations

30
COVID-19 and vaccination: myths vs science DOI
Vivek P. Chavda,

Yangmin Chen,

Jayant Dave

et al.

Expert Review of Vaccines, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 21(11), P. 1603 - 1620

Published: Aug. 18, 2022

Introduction Several vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been developed since the inception of disease 2019 (COVID-19) in December 2019, at unprecedented speed. However, these rapidly raised many questions related to efficacy and safety different communities across globe. Various hypotheses regarding COVID-19 its were generated, them also answered with scientific evidence. Still, there are myths/misinformation vaccines, which create hesitancy for vaccination, must be addressed critically achieve success battle pandemic.Area Covered The development anti-SARS-CoV-2 COVID-19, their efficacy, relating presented.Expert Opinion In this pandemic, we seen a global collaborative effort researchers, governments, industry, supported by billions dollars funding, allowed far more quickly than past. Vaccines go through rigorous testing, analysis, evaluations clinical settings prior approval, even if they approved emergency use. Despite myths, vaccination represents an important strategy get back normality.

Language: Английский

Citations

34