Cross-protectivity of henipavirus soluble glycoprotein in an in vivo model of Nipah virus disease

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 16

Published: Feb. 26, 2025

Nipah virus (NiV) is one of a group highly pathogenic viruses classified within the Henipavirus genus. Since 2012 at least 11 new henipa-like have been identified, including from locations and reservoir hosts; pathogenicity these has yet to be determined, but two them associated with morbidity, fatalities. The efficacy cross-reactivity vaccine candidates derived soluble glycoproteins both NiV Hendra (HeV) was evaluated in our recently established hamster model. Both preparations resulted strong humoral responses against antigenic targets, demonstrating cross-reactive immunity. Efficacy determined through challenge hamsters Malaysian (NiV-M) strain. 100% survived lethal dose after prime/boost immunisation HeV presence adjuvant, clinical signs pathology being significantly reduced immunised animals. This first time compared NiV-M model Alhydrogel AddaVax, providing evidence that closely related henipavirus species can provide cross-protectivity infection alternate henipaviruses, supporting potential an effective pan-henipavirus for use frontline outbreak response.

Language: Английский

---

Henipaviruses: an expanding global public health concern?

GeroScience, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 44(5), P. 2447 - 2459

Published: Oct. 1, 2022

Language: Английский

---

Host–Pathogen Interactions Influencing Zoonotic Spillover Potential and Transmission in Humans

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 599 - 599

Published: Feb. 22, 2023

Emerging infectious diseases of zoonotic origin are an ever-increasing public health risk and economic burden. The factors that determine if when animal virus is able to spill over into the human population with sufficient success achieve ongoing transmission in humans complex dynamic. We currently unable fully predict which pathogens may appear humans, where what impact. In this review, we highlight current knowledge key host–pathogen interactions known influence spillover potential a particular focus on two important viruses origin, Nipah Ebola virus. Namely, determining include cellular tissue tropism, as well virulence pathogenic characteristics pathogen capacity adapt evolve within novel host environment. also detail our emerging understanding importance steric hindrance cell by viral proteins using “flytrap”-type mechanism protein amyloidogenesis could be crucial developing future antiviral therapies against pathogens. Finally, discuss strategies prepare for reduce frequency occurrences order minimize new outbreaks.

Language: Английский

---

Immune correlates of protection for SARS-CoV-2, Ebola and Nipah virus infection

Frontiers in Immunology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 14

Published: April 17, 2023

Correlates of protection (CoP) are biological parameters that predict a certain level against an infectious disease. Well-established correlates facilitate the development and licensing vaccines by assessing protective efficacy without need to expose clinical trial participants agent which vaccine aims protect. Despite fact viruses have many features in common, can vary considerably amongst same virus family even depending on infection phase is under consideration. Moreover, complex interplay between various immune cell populations interact during high degree genetic variation pathogens, renders identification difficult. Some emerging re-emerging consequence for public health such as SARS-CoV-2, Nipah (NiV) Ebola (EBOV) especially challenging with regards CoP since these pathogens been shown dysregulate response infection. Whereas, neutralising antibodies polyfunctional T-cell responses correlate levels EBOV NiV, other effector mechanisms immunity play important roles shaping turn might serve alternative protection. This review describes different components adaptive innate system activated NiV infections may contribute clearance. Overall, we highlight signatures associated humans could be used CoP.

Language: Английский

---

The natural virome and pandemic potential: Disease X

Current Opinion in Virology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 63, P. 101377 - 101377

Published: Nov. 22, 2023

Over the last decade, emergence of several zoonotic viruses has demonstrated that previously unknown or neglected pathogens have potential to cause epidemics and therefore pose a threat global public health. Even more concerning are estimated 1.7 million still-undiscovered present in natural environment 'global virome', with many these as-yet uncharacterized predicted be pathogenic for humans. Thus, order mitigate disease prevent future pandemics, it is crucial identify extent viral threats which humans may become exposed. This requires cataloguing exist within their various diverse host species, also understanding viral, host, environmental factors dictate circumstances result spillover into We address here strategies can implemented as countermeasure initiatives reduce risk new diseases.

Language: Английский

---

Unveiling emerging threats: Langya and Mojiang—A dance with unfamiliar foes

Infectious Diseases & Immunity, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Feb. 21, 2025

Abstract Langya henipavirus (LayV) and Mojiang (MojV) are emerging zoonotic pathogens that were first identified in China 2018 2012 respectively, classified within the Henipavirus genus. This article presents an in-depth review of LayV MojV, focusing on their structural properties, viral entrance, consequences for human health. The pathogenic potential these viruses is investigated depth as well current diagnostic methods identifying MojV. Furthermore, treatment controlling MojV infections assessed, with a particular emphasis critical need tailored antiviral research. serves resource researchers healthcare professionals, offering up-to-date synthesis knowledge while underscoring significance public

Language: Английский

---

A Stable mRNA-Based Novel Multi-Epitope Vaccine Designs Against Infectious Heartland Virus by Integrated Immunoinformatics and Reverse Vaccinology Approaches

Viral Immunology, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: March 24, 2025

The Heartland virus (HRTV) is a tick-borne human pathogenic phlebovirus that primarily causes leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. It transmitted by Amblyomma americanum type of tick, is, notable for their aggressive biting behavior, affinity hosts, high prevalence. Developing vaccines or immunizations against HRTV gaining importance as public-health preventive strategy. current study was planned to prioritize multi-epitope stable mRNA vaccine model from lead B-cell T-cell epitopes (with IC50 < 100 nM) proteome following advanced immunoinformatics approaches. Model constructs were designed linking the most potent, nonallergenic along with incorporation ribosomal protein adjuvant immune response enhancement. immunogenic potential coding molecule examined via molecular docking toll-like receptors followed normal mode analysis dynamics simulations-based energy minimization, stability, flexibility assessments. A robust, circular precursor multi-epitopes incorporating Kozak consensus sequence, start codon, essential elements such MHC class I trafficking domain (MITD), tPA, Goblin 5′ 3′ Untranslated Region (UTRs), poly (A) tail. This strategic amalgamation ensures elevated immunogenicity predicts promising HRTV. simulation predicted capable elicit cell-mediated humoral responses. examine experimentally its safety features.

Language: Английский

---

The Structure of the Proteins of Camp Hill Virus

Research Square (Research Square), Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 21, 2025

Camp Hill virus (CHV), a newly identified henipavirus, was recently discovered in northern short-tailed shrews Hill, Alabama. This marks significant event as it is the first henipavirus ever reported North America. The significance of henipaviruses lies their ability to cause severe and often fatal diseases, such encephalitis respiratory illness, with high mortality rate both humans animals. emergence new strains, like CHV, amplifies concerns about possibility future zoonotic spillovers—where diseases are transmitted from animals humans. Because can be highly contagious have no specific antiviral treatment, poses potential threat public health. major proteins CHV include attachment glycoprotein, fusion protein, X C matrix nucleocapsid phosphoprotein, RNA polymerase. In our study, we focused on determining three-dimensional structure these proteins, providing crucial insights into how they function at molecular level. Understanding precise vital, inform efforts block virus's infect cells. Proteomic analysis confirmed that similar Sollieres shrew parahenipa virus, Ninorex Melian Lechodon Langya virus. We B-cell T-cell epitopes proteins. By characterizing epitopes, research contributes design targeted vaccines could stimulate robust immune response against CHV. identification also allows us understand interacts system, which essential for designing elicit humoral cellular immunity. Our study would lead development novel protect

Language: Английский

---

O‐glycosylation in viruses: A sweet tango

mLife, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 3(1), P. 57 - 73

Published: March 1, 2024

Abstract O‐glycosylation is an ancient yet underappreciated protein posttranslational modification, on which many bacteria and viruses heavily rely to perform critical biological functions involved in numerous infectious diseases or even cancer. But due the innate complexity of O‐glycosylation, research techniques have been limited study its exact role viral attachment entry, assembly exit, spreading host cells, adaptive immunity host. Recently, advent newly developed methodologies (e.g., mass spectrometry, chemical biology tools, molecular dynamics simulations) has renewed rekindled interest viral‐related both proteins further fueled by COVID‐19 pandemic. In this review, we summarize recent advances with a particular emphasis mucin‐type O‐linked α‐N‐acetylgalactosamine (O‐GalNAc) intracellular β‐N‐acetylglucosamine (O‐GlcNAc) modifications proteins. We hope provide valuable insights into development antiviral reagents vaccines for better prevention treatment diseases.

Language: Английский

---

A potent Henipavirus cross-neutralizing antibody reveals a dynamic fusion-triggering pattern of the G-tetramer

Nature Communications, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: May 21, 2024

Abstract The Hendra and Nipah viruses (HNVs) are highly pathogenic pathogens without approved interventions for human use. In addition, the interaction pattern between attachment (G) fusion (F) glycoproteins required virus entry remains unclear. Here, we isolate a panel of Macaca-derived G-specific antibodies that cross-neutralize HNVs via multiple mechanisms. most potent antibody, 1E5, confers adequate protection against challenge in female hamsters. Crystallography demonstrates 1E5 has similar binding to receptor. cryo-electron microscopy studies, tendency bind upper or lower heads results two distinct quaternary structures G. Furthermore, identify extended outer loop β1S2-β1S3 G pockets on apical region glycoprotein as essential sites G-F interactions. This work highlights promising drug candidates contributes deeper insights into viruses.

Language: Английский

---