Severity of Omicron (B.1.1.529) and Delta (B.1.617.2) SARS-CoV-2 infection among hospitalised adults: a prospective cohort study in Bristol, United Kingdom

The Lancet Regional Health - Europe, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 25, P. 100556 - 100556

Published: Dec. 12, 2022

There is an urgent public health need to evaluate disease severity in adults hospitalised with Delta and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant infections. However, limited data exist assessing of infections, what extent patient-factors, including vaccination, age, frailty pre-existing disease, affect variant-dependent severity.A prospective cohort study (≥18 years age) acute lower respiratory tract at care hospitals Bristol, UK conducted over 10-months. or infection was defined by positive PCR identification inferred dominant circulating variant. We constructed adjusted regression analyses assess using three different measures: FiO2 >28% (fraction inspired oxygen), World Health Organization (WHO) outcome score >5 (assessing for ventilatory support), hospital length stay (LOS) >3 days following admission infection.Independent other variables, associated than Delta. Risk reductions were 58%, 67%, 16% supplementary oxygen [Relative (RR) = 0.42 (95%CI: 0.34-0.52), P < 0.001], WHO [RR 0.33 0.21-0.50), have had a LOS > 3 0.84 0.76-0.92), 0.001]. Younger age vaccination two doses also independently COVID-19 severity.We provide reassuring evidence that results less serious adverse outcomes patients. Despite relative Delta, still resulted substantial patient burden increased rate older patients which counteracts some the benefit arising from severe disease.AvonCAP investigator-led project funded under collaborative agreement Pfizer.

Language: Английский

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Clinical outcomes of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Omicron and Delta variant: systematic review and meta-analysis of 33 studies covering 6 037 144 coronavirus disease 2019–positive patients

Clinical Microbiology and Infection, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(7), P. 835 - 844

Published: March 18, 2023

BackgroundAlthough the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant is considered to induce less severe disease, there have been no consistent results on extent of decrease in severity.ObjectivesTo compare clinical outcomes COVID-19–positive patients with and Delta infection.Data sourcesSearches were implemented up 8 November 2022 PubMed, Web Science, BioRvix, MedRvix.Study eligibility criteriaEligible studies cohort reporting infection, including hospitalization, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, receiving invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), death.ParticipantsCOVID-19–positive infection.Assessment risk biasRisk bias was assessed employing Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.Methods data synthesisRandom-effect models employed pool ORs 95% CIs outcome. I2 evaluate heterogeneity between studies.ResultsA total 33 6 037 144 included this meta-analysis. In general population patients, compared Delta, infection resulted a decreased hospitalization (10.24% vs. 4.14%, OR = 2.91, CI 2.35–3.60), ICU admission (3.67% 0.48%, 3.64, 2.63–5.04), IMV (3.93% 0.34%, 3.11, 1.76–5.50), death (2.40% 0.46%, 2.97, 2.17–4.08). hospitalized COVID-19, (20.70% 12.90%, 1.63, 1.32–2.02), (10.90% 5.80%, 1.65, 1.28–2.14), (10.72% 7.10%, 1.44, 1.22–1.71).ConclusionsCompared severity decreased.

Language: Английский

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Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in primary human nasal cultures demonstrates Delta as most cytopathic and Omicron as fastest replicating

mBio, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 15(4)

Published: March 13, 2024

ABSTRACT The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic was marked with emerging viral variants, some of which were designated as variants concern (VOCs) due to selection and rapid circulation in the human population. Here, we elucidate functional features each VOC linked variations replication rate. Patient-derived primary nasal cultures grown at air-liquid interface used model upper respiratory infection compared cell lines derived from lung epithelia. All VOCs replicated higher titers than ancestral virus, suggesting a for efficiency. In cultures, Omicron highest early time points, followed by Delta, paralleling comparative studies population sampling. viruses entered primarily via transmembrane serine protease 2 (TMPRSS2)-dependent pathway, more likely use an endosomal route entry. activated overcame dsRNA-induced cellular responses, including interferon (IFN) signaling, oligoadenylate ribonuclease L degradation, protein kinase R activation. Among VOCs, induced expression most IFN IFN-stimulated genes. Infections resulted damage, compromise barrier integrity loss cilia ciliary beating function, especially during Delta infection. Overall, optimized tract least favorable lower line, cytopathic both cells. Our findings highlight differences among level imply distinct mechanisms pathogenesis infected individuals. IMPORTANCE Comparative analysis infections virus concern, Alpha, Beta, Omicron, indicated that selected efficiency replication. patient-derived infection, reached finding confirmed parallel sampling studies. While all dsRNA-mediated host strongest interferon-stimulated gene response. damaging cells syncytia formation, integrity, function.

Language: Английский

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Variability in the Clinical Course of COVID-19 in a Retrospective Analysis of a Large Real-World Database

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(1), P. 149 - 149

Published: Jan. 3, 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic proceeds in waves, with variable characteristics of the clinical picture resulting from evolution SARS-CoV-2 virus. This study aimed to compare epidemiological characteristics, symptomatology, and outcomes disease patients hospitalized for during periods different variants dominance. Comparing dominance preceding Delta variant, period was characterized by a higher share females, less frequent comorbidities among patients, age distribution. lowest need oxygen therapy mechanical ventilation observed under Omicron triad classic symptoms, cough, fever, dyspnoea, fatigue, were most prevalent period, significantly common During nearly twice as many previous could be discharged hospital within 7 days; overall 28-day mortality lower compared that period. It also did not differ between dominated BA.1 BA.2 subvariants. indicates variant January June 2022 caused which resembled cold, seasonal alpha beta-coronaviruses low pathogenicity humans. However, one should note this effect may only have been related biological features lineage, but additionally driven increased levels immunization through natural infections vaccinations, we account due lack sufficient data.

Language: Английский

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Vaccine effectiveness against transmission of alpha, delta and omicron SARS-COV-2-infection, Belgian contact tracing, 2021–2022

Vaccine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 41(20), P. 3292 - 3300

Published: April 5, 2023

Vaccine effectiveness against transmission (VET) of SARS-CoV-2-infection can be estimated from secondary attack rates observed during contact tracing. We VET, the vaccine-effect on infectiousness index case and susceptibility high-risk exposure (HREC).We fitted RT-PCR-test results HREC to immunity status (vaccine schedule, prior infection, time since last immunity-conferring event), age, sex, calendar week sampling, household, background positivity rate dominant VOC using a multilevel Bayesian regression-model. included Belgian data collected between January 2021 2022.For primary BNT162b2-vaccination we initial VET at 96% (95%CI 95-97) Alpha, 87% 84-88) Delta 31% 25-37) Omicron. Initial booster-vaccination (mRNA booster-vaccination) was 86-89) 68% 65-70) The VET-estimate Omicron decreased 71% 64-78) 55% 46-62) respectively, 150-200 days after booster-vaccination. Hybrid immunity, defined as vaccination documented associated with durable higher or comparable (by number antigen exposures) protection transmission.While VOC-specific immune-escape, especially by Omicron, waning over immunization, remained reduced risk SARS-CoV-2-transmission.

Language: Английский

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Outcomes of Elderly Patients Hospitalized with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron B.1.1.529 Variant: A Systematic Review

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 20(3), P. 2150 - 2150

Published: Jan. 25, 2023

The Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant of the severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) had an increased rate spreading among general population. Although this virus mutation resulted in milder symptoms, those on vulnerable side population are still danger developing symptoms. Thus, systematic review focused identifying clinical outcomes older age patients (>65) that hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 variant. research was conducted using four electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web Science, and ProQuest Central), a search query December 2022 comprised duration COVID-19 pandemic. inclusion criteria (1) than 65 years, (2) history hospitalization for infection, (3) infection B.1.1.529 initial generated 295 articles, out which six were included review, total 7398 patients. main findings when looking at elderly population, mortality rates remained high. This is because people more have comorbidities interfere virus’s progress. However, there inconsistency rates, since data reported by studies different selection based severity infection. no statistically significant differences found between unvaccinated vaccinated groups, who got booster doses vaccination lower likelihood serving as protective factor

Language: Английский

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Tracking the genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 variants in Nicaragua throughout the COVID-19 pandemic

Scientific Reports, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 15(1)

Published: Feb. 9, 2025

Abstract The global circulation of SARS-CoV-2 has been extensively documented; however, the dynamics within Central America, particularly Nicaragua, remain underexplored. This study characterizes genomic diversity in Nicaragua from March 2020 through December 2022, utilizing 1064 genomes obtained via next-generation sequencing. These sequences were selected nationwide and analyzed for variant classification, lineage predominance, phylogenetic diversity. We employed both Illumina Oxford Nanopore Technologies all sequencing procedures. Results indicated a temporal spatial shift dominant lineages, initially B.1 A.2 early to various Omicron subvariants toward study’s end. Significant shifts correlated with changes COVID-19 positivity rates, underscoring epidemiological impact dissemination. Comparative analysis regional data underscored low circulating lineages their delayed introduction compared other countries American region. also linked specific viral mutations hospitalization emphasizing clinical relevance surveillance. research advances understanding evolution provides valuable information regarding its genetic public health officials America. highlight critical role ongoing surveillance identifying emergent informing strategies.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 vaccination and BA.1 breakthrough infection induce neutralising antibodies which are less efficient against BA.4 and BA.5 Omicron variants, Israel, March to June 2022

Eurosurveillance, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 27(30)

Published: July 28, 2022

This work evaluated neutralising antibody titres against wild type (WT) SARS-CoV-2 and four Omicron variants (BA.1, BA.2, BA.4 BA.5) in healthcare workers who had breakthrough BA.1 infection. infection individuals vaccinated three or times before resulted increased antibodies the WT virus. The fourth vaccine dose did not further improve efficiency over third all variants, especially BA.5. An Omicron-specific may be indicated.

Language: Английский

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Differences between the course of SARS-CoV-2 infections in the periods of the Delta and Omicron variants dominance in Poland

Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewnętrznej, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 5, 2023

Up to now, COVID‑19 caused more than 6 million deaths worldwide. So far, 5 variants of concerns have been identified, with Delta and Omicron being the subject our analysis.We aimed compare baseline characteristics outcomes patients hospitalized during predominance in Poland.The study population consisted 2225 divided into 2 groups depending on variant which they were infected corresponding period pandemic.During wave, median age was significantly lower (65 vs 73 years; P <0.001), cohort less burdened comorbidities surge. The Omicron‑infected presented often an unstable symptomatic state SpO2 equal or below 90% admission (49.9% for 29.9% Omicron; <0.001). Regardless pandemic period, most common early symptoms fever cough. In‑hospital treatment antiviral drugs, frequently used immunomodulatory wave. risk mechanical ventilation (7.2% 3.1% For group above 80 years old, death higher wave treated drugs regardless wave.The is associated a severe clinical course disease variant.

Language: Английский

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Clinical outcomes and phylogenetic analysis in reflection with three predominant clades of SARS‐CoV‐2 variants

European Journal of Clinical Investigation, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 53(9)

Published: April 10, 2023

The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a broad spectrum clinical manifestations. severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) undergoes continuous evolution, resulting in the emergence several variants. Each variant different severity and mortality rate.In this study, 1174 COVID-19 patients were studied for over three SARS-CoV-2 predominating periods 2021 2022 Sulaimani Province, Iraq. In each period, representative, virus was subjected to phylogenetic molecular analysis.Phylogenetic analysis revealed variants, belonging to: Delta B.1.617.2, Omicron BA.1.17.2, BA.5.6. variants showed more symptoms lower PCR-Ct value than regardless gender, only 4.3% cases asymptomatic. rate with (.5% BA.5.2 1.3% BA.1.17.2) compared (2.5%). higher males (2.84%), while that BA1.17.2 females, 1.05% .0%, respectively. Age group (≥70) years had highest rate; however, it (.0%) age (30-49) (.96%) variants.There been surge infection city due predominant lineages SARS-CoV-2, B.1.617, BA.1.17.2 BA.5.6, A and/or significantly correlated death same order.

Language: Английский

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