mRNA vaccines: The future of prevention of viral infections?

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 95(2)

Published: Feb. 1, 2023

Abstract Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines against COVID‐19 are the first authorized biological preparations developed using this platform. During pandemic, their administration has been proven to be a life‐saving intervention. Here, we review main advantages of mRNA vaccines, identify further technological challenges met during development platform, and provide an update on clinical progress leading vaccine candidates different viruses that include influenza viruses, human immunodeficiency virus 1, respiratory syncytial virus, Nipah Zika cytomegalovirus, Epstein‐Barr virus. The prospects manufacturing in low‐income countries also discussed. ongoing interest research technology likely overcome some existing for (e.g., related storage conditions immunogenicity components lipid nanoparticles) enhance portfolio diseases which classical formulations already authorized. It may open novel pathways protection infections consequences no safe efficient immunization methods currently available.

Language: Английский

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Overview of autoantibodies in COVID‐19 convalescents

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 95(6)

Published: June 1, 2023

Abstract Accumulating evidence shows that SARS‐CoV‐2 can potentially trigger autoimmune processes, which be responsible for the long‐term consequences of COVID‐19. Therefore, this paper aims to review autoantibodies reported in COVID‐19 convalescents. Six main groups were distinguished: (i) against components immune system, (ii) cardiovascular (iii) thyroid autoantibodies, (iv) specific rheumatoid diseases, (v) antibodies G‐protein coupled receptors, and (vi) other autoantibodies. The reviewed here clearly highlights infection may induce humoral responses. However, available studies share number limitations, such as: (1) sole presence does not necessarily implicate clinically‐relevant risks, (2) functional investigations rarely performed it is often unknown whether observed are pathogenic, (3) control seroprevalence, healthy, noninfected individuals was reported; thus sometimes detected result or accidental post‐COVID‐19 detection, (4) correlated with symptoms syndrome, (5) size studied small, (6) focused predominantly on adult populations, (7) age‐ sex‐related differences seroprevalence explored, (8) genetic predispositions involved generation during infections investigated, (9) reactions following variants vary clinical course remain unexplored. Further longitudinal advocated assess link between identified particular outcomes

Language: Английский

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The COVID-19 pandemic in China: from dynamic zero-COVID to current policy

Herz, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 48(3), P. 226 - 228

Published: June 1, 2023

Language: Английский

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Key Considerations during the Transition from the Acute Phase of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Narrative Review

Vaccines, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 11(9), P. 1502 - 1502

Published: Sept. 19, 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic has been met with an unprecedented response from the scientific community, leading to development, investigation, and authorization of vaccines antivirals, ultimately reducing impact SARS-CoV-2 on global public health. However, is far being eradicated, continues evolve, causes substantial health economic burdens. In this narrative review, we posit essential points its responsible management during transition acute phase pandemic. As discussed, despite Omicron (sub)variant(s) causing clinically milder infections, a negligible pathogen. It requires continued genomic surveillance, particularly if one considers that future (sub)lineages do not necessarily have be milder. Antivirals remain elements in management. former could benefit further development improvements dosing, while seasonal administration latter simplification increase interest tackle vaccine hesitancy. also ensure accessibility pharmaceuticals low-income countries improve understanding their use context long-term goals Regardless location, primary role awareness education must played by healthcare workers, who directly communicate patients serve as models for healthy behaviors.

Language: Английский

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Change in the Clinical Picture of Hospitalized Patients with COVID-19 between the Early and Late Period of Dominance of the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 Variant

Journal of Clinical Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(17), P. 5572 - 5572

Published: Aug. 26, 2023

This study aimed to compare the clinical picture of COVID-19 in initial and later period Omicron dominance identify populations still at risk. A retrospective comparison data 965 patients hospitalized during early Omicron's (EO, January-June 2022) with 897 from a (LO, July 2022-April 2023) SARSTer database was performed. Patients LO, compared EO, were older, had better condition on admission, lower need for oxygen mechanical ventilation, less frequent lung involvement imaging, showed much faster improvement. Moreover, overall mortality EO 14%, higher than that LO-9%. Despite milder course disease, exceeding 15% similar both groups among involvement. The accumulation risk factors such as an age 60+, comorbidities, involvement, saturation <90% resulted constant 98% patients, 8% 30% rate LO period. Multiple logistic regression revealed odds death phase. infections caused by currently dominant subvariants, prophylaxis is necessary people over 60 years age, especially those case pneumonia respiratory failure.

Language: Английский

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In Silico Analyses Indicate a Lower Potency for Dimerization of TLR4/MD-2 as the Reason for the Lower Pathogenicity of Omicron Compared to Wild-Type Virus and Earlier SARS-CoV-2 Variants

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 25(10), P. 5451 - 5451

Published: May 17, 2024

The SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variants have replaced all earlier variants, due to increased infectivity and effective evasion from infection- vaccination-induced neutralizing antibodies. Compared of concern (VoCs), the show high TMPRSS2-independent replication in upper airway organs, but lower lungs mortality rates. shift cellular tropism towards pathogenicity was hypothesized correlate with a toll-like receptor (TLR) activation, although underlying molecular mechanisms remained undefined. In silico analyses presented here indicate that spike protein has potency induce dimerization TLR4/MD-2 compared wild type virus despite comparable binding activity TLR4. A model illustrating consequences different potencies vs. wild-type for TLR4 activation is presented. Further clear tendency decreasing potential during evolution via Alpha Gamma Delta variants.

Language: Английский

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Surfing the Waves: Differences in Hospitalised COVID-19 Patients across 4 Variant Waves in a Belgian University Hospital

Viruses, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(3), P. 618 - 618

Published: Feb. 23, 2023

The unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic took the form of successive variant waves, spreading across globe. We wanted to investigate any shift in hospitalised patients' profiles throughout pandemic. For this study, we used a registry that collected data automatically from electronic patient health records. compared clinical and severity scores, using National Institute Health (NIH) all patients admitted for during four SARS-CoV-2 waves. Our study concluded showed very different waves Belgium. Patients were younger Alpha Delta frailer Omicron period. 'Critical' according NIH criteria formed largest fraction among wave (47.7%), while 'severe' (61.6%). discussed host factors, vaccination status, other confounders put into perspective. High-quality real-life remain crucial inform stakeholders policymakers shifts have an impact on practice.

Language: Английский

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The burden of infectious diseases throughout and after the COVID‐19 pandemic (2020–2023) and Russo‐Ukrainian war migration

Journal of Medical Virology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 96(5)

Published: May 1, 2024

Understanding how the infectious disease burden was affected throughout COVID-19 pandemic is pivotal to identifying potential hot spots and guiding future mitigation measures. Therefore, our study aimed analyze changes in rate of new cases Poland's most frequent diseases during entire after influx war refugees from Ukraine. We performed a registry-based population-wide Poland 24 2020 2023 compared them prepandemic period (2016-2019). Data were collected publicly archived datasets Epimeld database published by national epidemiological authority institutions. The studied (66.6%) revealed significantly negative correlations with SARS-CoV-2 infections. For majority diseases, it substantially decreased (in case 83%) 2021 (63%), following which mostly rebounded levels and, some cases, exceeded when exceptionally high annual rates scarlet fever, Streptococcus pneumoniae infections, HIV syphilis, gonococcal tick-borne encephalitis noted. Clostridioides difficile enterocolitis two-fold higher than before onward. Legionnaires' also threshold, although this due local outbreak unrelated lifted restrictions or migration refugees. migrants Ukraine could impact epidemiology sexually transmitted diseases. present analysis indicates that continued efforts are needed prevent overwhelming healthcare systems again decreasing control over other It identifies tipping points require additional measures, discussed paper, avoid escalation future.

Language: Английский

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Trends of Hepatitis A Virus Infection in Poland: Assessing the Potential Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic and War in Ukraine

Viruses, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(3), P. 469 - 469

Published: March 20, 2024

Hepatitis A virus (HAV) is the most common cause of acute viral hepatitis, which preventable by vaccination. This study analyzed trends HAV infections in Poland according to socio-demographic features years 2009–2022 and assessed potential impact COVID-19 pandemic (2020–2023) migration war refugees from Ukraine (since February 2022). In 2009–2022, 7115 new cases infection were diagnosed Poland, especially among men (66.4%) urban areas (77.4%). Infections at age 25–34 (median rate 0.43 per 105) women aged 15–24 0.39 105). Analysis 14-year frequency exhibited three trends, regardless gender, age, residence. The revealed a downward trend 2009–2014, increased significantly 2014–2018, decreased again after 2018. particularly rapid increase occurred between March 2017 2018 0.79 high level persisted until beginning pandemic, point it dropped but did not reach recorded before 2017. During Omicron SARS-CoV-2 dominance period, median was 0.053 105, with four-fold being observed 2022 (when began) August 2022. presented results can serve as reference for further observations Central Europe. epidemiological situation unlikely escalate requires monitoring.

Language: Английский

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Viral respiratory infections and air pollution: A review focused on research in Poland

Chemosphere, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 359, P. 142256 - 142256

Published: May 7, 2024

Language: Английский

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