The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes Ratio: A Relevant Marker of Gut Dysbiosis in Obese Patients?

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 12(5), P. 1474 - 1474

Published: May 19, 2020

The gut microbiota is emerging as a promising target for the management or prevention of inflammatory and metabolic disorders in humans. Many current research efforts are focused on identification specific microbial signatures, more particularly those associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases. Some studies have described that obese animals humans exhibits higher Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio compared normal-weight individuals, proposing this an eventual biomarker. Accordingly, frequently cited scientific literature hallmark obesity. aim present review was to discuss validity potential marker, based great amount contradictory results reported literature. Such discrepancies might be explained by existence interpretative bias generated methodological differences sample processing DNA sequence analysis, generally poor characterization recruited subjects and, particularly, lack consideration lifestyle-associated factors known affect composition and/or diversity. For these reasons, it currently difficult associate determined health status specifically consider

Language: Английский

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Long COVID or Post-acute Sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC): An Overview of Biological Factors That May Contribute to Persistent Symptoms

Frontiers in Microbiology, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 12

Published: June 23, 2021

The novel virus severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a pandemic of disease 2019 (COVID-19). Across the globe, subset patients who sustain an SARS-CoV-2 infection are developing wide range persistent symptoms that do not resolve over course many months. These being given diagnosis Long COVID or Post-acute sequelae COVID-19 (PASC). It is likely individual with PASC have different underlying biological factors driving their symptoms, none which mutually exclusive. This paper details mechanisms by RNA viruses beyond just be connected to long-term health consequences. also reviews literature on and other virus-initiated chronic syndromes such as post-Ebola myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue (ME/CFS) discuss scenarios for symptom development. Potential contributors include consequences from injury one multiple organs, reservoirs in certain tissues, re-activation neurotrophic pathogens herpesviruses under conditions immune dysregulation, interactions host microbiome/virome communities, clotting/coagulation issues, dysfunctional brainstem/vagus nerve signaling, ongoing activity primed cells, autoimmunity due molecular mimicry between pathogen proteins. individualized nature suggests therapeutic approaches may required best manage care specific diagnosis.

Language: Английский

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Mucosal microbiome dysbiosis in gastric carcinogenesis

Gut, Journal Year: 2017, Volume and Issue: 67(6), P. 1024 - 1032

Published: Aug. 1, 2017

Objectives We aimed to characterise the microbial changes associated with histological stages of gastric tumourigenesis. Design performed 16S rRNA gene analysis mucosal samples from 81 cases including superficial gastritis (SG), atrophic (AG), intestinal metaplasia (IM) and cancer (GC) Xi’an, China, determine microbiome dysbiosis across GC. validated results in 126 Inner Mongolia, China. Results observed significant mucosa IM GC subjects, enrichment 21 depletion 10 bacterial taxa compared SG (q<0.05). Microbial network showed increasing correlation strengths among them disease progression (p<0.001). Five GC-enriched whose species identifications correspond Peptostreptococcus stomatis , Streptococcus anginosus Parvimonas micra Slackia exigua Dialister pneumosintes had centralities ecological (p<0.05) classified an area under receiver-operating curve (AUC) 0.82. Moreover, stronger interactions microbes were Helicobacter pylori -negative H. -positive IM. The fold selected bacteria, their successfully Mongolian cohort, which five markers distinguished AUC 0.81. Conclusions In addition compositional changes, we identified differences carcinogenesis. enrichments suggest potentially important roles P. D. S. progression.

Language: Английский

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Gut Microbiota and Cancer: From Pathogenesis to Therapy

Cancers, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 11(1), P. 38 - 38

Published: Jan. 3, 2019

Cancer is a multifactorial pathology and it represents the second leading cause of death worldwide. In recent years, numerous studies highlighted dual role gut microbiota in preserving host’s health. Gut resident bacteria are able to produce number metabolites bioproducts necessary protect gut’s homeostasis. Conversely, several subpopulations may expand during pathological dysbiosis therefore high levels toxins capable, turn, trigger both inflammation tumorigenesis. Importantly, can interact with host either modulating directly epithelium or immune system. Numerous populating bacteria, called probiotics, have been identified as protective against genesis tumors. Given their capability homeostasis, probiotics currently tested help fight cancer patients subjected chemotherapy radiotherapy. Most recently, three independent show that specific species potentiate positive outcome anti-cancer immunotherapy. The highly significant studies, uncovering tight association between tumorigenesis, well therapy, here described. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), most studied probiotic model cancer, also reported. Overall, according findings summarized, novel strategies integrating such LGG, conventional therapies strongly encouraged.

Language: Английский

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Meta-analysis of the Parkinson’s disease gut microbiome suggests alterations linked to intestinal inflammation

npj Parkinson s Disease, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 7(1)

Published: March 10, 2021

The gut microbiota is emerging as an important modulator of neurodegenerative diseases, and accumulating evidence has linked microbes to Parkinson's disease (PD) symptomatology pathophysiology. PD often preceded by gastrointestinal symptoms alterations the enteric nervous system accompany disease. Several studies have analyzed microbiome in PD, but a consensus on features PD-specific missing. Here, we conduct meta-analysis re-analyzing ten currently available 16S datasets investigate whether common patients exist across cohorts. We found significant PD-associated microbiome, which are robust study-specific technical heterogeneities, although differences structure between controls small. Enrichment genera Lactobacillus, Akkermansia, Bifidobacterium depletion bacteria belonging Lachnospiraceae family Faecalibacterium genus, both short-chain fatty acids producers, emerged most consistent alterations. This dysbiosis might result pro-inflammatory status could be recurrent affecting patients.

Language: Английский

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Benefits of short-chain fatty acids and their receptors in inflammation and carcinogenesis

Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Journal Year: 2016, Volume and Issue: 164, P. 144 - 151

Published: April 30, 2016

Language: Английский

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Inflammatory Bowel Diseases (IBD) and the Microbiome—Searching the Crime Scene for Clues

Gastroenterology, Journal Year: 2020, Volume and Issue: 160(2), P. 524 - 537

Published: Nov. 27, 2020

Language: Английский

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The microbiome in autoimmune diseases

Clinical & Experimental Immunology, Journal Year: 2018, Volume and Issue: 195(1), P. 74 - 85

Published: June 19, 2018

The microbiome is represented by microorganisms which live in a symbiotic way with the mammalian. Microorganisms have ability to influence different physiological aspects such as immune system, metabolism and behaviour. In recent years, several studies highlighted role of pathogenesis autoimmune diseases. Notably, systemic lupus erythematosus an alteration intestinal flora (lower Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio) has been described. Conversely, changes gut commensal periodontal disease proposed important factors rheumatoid arthritis. At same time, other diseases (i.e. sclerosis, Sjögren's syndrome anti-phospholipid syndrome) also share modifications tract oral flora. Herein, we describe maintenance homeostasis system then alterations that occur Finally, will consider use probiotics faecal transplantation novel therapeutic targets.

Language: Английский

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Distinct Shifts in Microbiota Composition during Drosophila Aging Impair Intestinal Function and Drive Mortality

Cell Reports, Journal Year: 2015, Volume and Issue: 12(10), P. 1656 - 1667

Published: Aug. 29, 2015

Alterations in the composition of intestinal microbiota have been correlated with aging and measures frailty elderly. However, relationships between microbial dynamics, age-related changes physiology, organismal health remain poorly understood. Here, we show that dysbiosis microbiota, characterized by an expansion Gammaproteobacteria, is tightly linked to age-onset barrier dysfunction Drosophila. Indeed, alterations precede predict onset aged flies. Changes occurring prior contribute excretory function immune gene activation intestine. In addition, a distinct shift follows dysfunction, leading systemic death. Our results indicate dynamics could also varying rates decline during mammals.

Language: Английский

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Role of Probiotics in Human Gut Microbiome-Associated Diseases

Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Journal Year: 2019, Volume and Issue: 29(9), P. 1335 - 1340

Published: Sept. 28, 2019

Language: Английский

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