Terahertz Photons Improve Cognitive Functions in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Research, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 6

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a serious psychosis leading to cognitive impairment. To restore functions for patients, the main treatments are based on medication or rehabilitation training but with limited effectiveness and strong side effects. Here, we demonstrate new treatment approach PTSD by using terahertz (THz) photons stimulating hippocampal CA3 subregion. We verified that this method can nonthermally function in rats vivo. After THz photon irradiation, rats’ recognitive index improved about 10% novel object recognition test, accuracy 100% shuttler box numbers identify target was 5 times lower Barnes maze rate of staying arm increased approximately 40% Y-maze test. Further experimental studies found (34.5 THz) irradiation could improve expression NR2B (increased nearly 40%) phosphorylated 50%). In addition, molecular dynamics simulations showed at frequency 34.5 mainly absorbed pocket glutamate receptors rather than molecules. Moreover, binding between molecules photons. This study offers nondrug, nonthermal regulate excitatory neurotransmitter (glutamate) NR2B. By increasing synaptic plasticity, it effectively improves animals PTSD, providing promising strategy NR2B-related disorders.

Language: Английский

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Advancing Neuroscience and Therapy: Insights into Genetic and Non-Genetic Neuromodulation Approaches

Cells, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(2), P. 122 - 122

Published: Jan. 15, 2025

Neuromodulation stands as a cutting-edge approach in the fields of neuroscience and therapeutic intervention typically involving regulation neural activity through physical chemical stimuli. The purpose this review is to provide an overview evaluation different neuromodulation techniques, anticipating clearer understanding future developmental trajectories challenges faced within domain that can be achieved. This categorizes techniques into genetic methods (including optogenetics, chemogenetics, sonogenetics, magnetogenetics) non-genetic deep brain stimulation, transcranial magnetic direct current ultrasound photobiomodulation therapy, infrared neuromodulation, electromagnetic sensory stimulation multi-physical-factor techniques). By systematically evaluating principles, mechanisms, advantages, limitations, efficacy modulating neuronal potential applications interventions neurological disorders these comprehensive picture gradually emerging regarding advantages their trajectory, clinical applications. highlights significant advancements applying treat psychiatric disorders. Genetic methods, such sonogenetics magnetogenetics, have demonstrated high specificity temporal precision targeting populations, while offer noninvasive versatile options. transformative research practice underscored, emphasizing need for integration innovation technologies, optimization delivery improvement mediums, toxicity fully harness potential.

Language: Английский

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Mechanosensitive Piezo1 channel in physiology and pathophysiology of the central nervous system

Ageing Research Reviews, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 90, P. 102026 - 102026

Published: July 31, 2023

Since the discovery of mechanosensitive Piezo1 channel in 2010, there has been a significant amount research conducted to explore its regulatory role physiology and pathology various organ systems. Recently, growing body compelling evidence emerged linking activity health disease central nervous system. However, exact mechanisms underlying these associations remain inadequately comprehended. This review systematically summarizes current on implications for system mechanobiology, retrospects results demonstrating cell types within system, including neural stem cells, neurons, oligodendrocytes, microglia, astrocytes, brain endothelial cells. Furthermore, discusses understanding involvement disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, glaucoma, stroke, glioma.

Language: Английский

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Targeted Delivery of Engineered RVG-BDNF-Exosomes: A Novel Neurobiological Approach for Ameliorating Depression and Regulating Neurogenesis

Research, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 7

Published: Jan. 1, 2024

Addressing the urgent need for innovative depression treatments, this study heralds a breakthrough in major depressive disorder (MDD) therapy by intertwining clinical observations with neurobiological advancements. We analyzed brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels serum exosomes from diverse group of 60 individuals, including first-episode, drug-free MDD patients, medicated and healthy controls. Our results revealed significant decrease BDNF within patients’ exosomes, which notably increased post-medication, highlighting BDNF’s potential as biomarker both diagnosis treatment efficacy. Advancing these findings, we developed RVG-modified engineered to overexpress (RVG-BDNF-Exos), designed directly target neuronal cells. findings demonstrate that can successfully traverse blood–brain barrier, targeting neurons hippocampus prefrontal cortex. In our mouse model induced lipopolysaccharide, RVG-BDNF-Exos led increase key brain regions, crucial mood regulation neurogenesis. This intervention modulated BDNF/TrkB/AKT signaling pathway, central neural plasticity implicated depression’s pathogenesis. Behavioral assessments exhibited substantial improvements depressive-like behaviors mice treated RVG-BDNF-Exos, reduced immobility Tail Suspension Forced Swim Tests. Additionally, effectively decreased neuroinflammation, evidenced reduction microglia astrocyte numbers. Moreover, enhanced neurogenesis regulated synaptic plasticity, indicated expression markers MAP2 DCX, proteins PSD95 Syn-1. conclusion, not only underscores exosomal diagnostic therapeutic marker but also demonstrates efficacy alleviating symptoms. pave way future targeted, personalized psychiatric offering promising direction therapy.

Language: Английский

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Repeated trans-spinal magnetic stimulation promotes microglial phagocytosis of myelin debris after spinal cord injury through LRP-1

Experimental Neurology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 379, P. 114844 - 114844

Published: June 1, 2024

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a serious trauma of the central nervous system. The clearance myelin debris critical step in functional recovery following spinal (SCI). Recent studies have begun to reveal roles for professional phagocytes system, microglia, and their receptors control neurodegenerative disease. Repeated trans-spinal magnetic stimulation (rTSMS) has been demonstrated as noninvasive SCI treatment that enhances tissue repair recovery. In this study, we investigated role molecular mechanism rTSMS on microglial phagocytosis rat model. our studies, found significantly promoted motor function rats associated with inhibition neuroinflammation glia scar formation. Immunofluorescence results further showed promotes by microglia vivo vitro. Additionally, receptor-associated protein (RAP), Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1) inhibitor, could cancel accelerated after vitro experiments. Simultaneously, Elisa's western blotting respectively decreased levels soluble LRP-1(sLRP-1) LRP-1 splicing enzyme ADAM17. conclusion, promote through improve rats.

Language: Английский

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Mechanical stress overload promotes NF-κB/NLRP3-mediated osteoarthritis synovitis and fibrosis through Piezo1

Cellular Signalling, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown, P. 111786 - 111786

Published: April 1, 2025

Language: Английский

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Piezo1 in microglial cells: Implications for neuroinflammation and tumorigenesis

Channels, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 19(1)

Published: April 13, 2025

Microglia, the central nervous system (CNS) resident immune cells, are pivotal in regulating neurodevelopment, maintaining neural homeostasis, and mediating neuroinflammatory responses. Recent research has highlighted importance of mechanotransduction, process by which cells convert mechanical stimuli into biochemical signals, microglial activity. Among various mechanosensitive channels, Piezo1 emerged as a key player microglia, influencing their behavior under both physiological pathological conditions. This review focuses on expression role particularly context neuroinflammation tumorigenesis. We explore how mediates responses to changes within CNS, such alterations tissue stiffness fluid shear stress, common conditions like multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, cerebral ischemia, gliomas. The also discusses potential targeting for therapeutic intervention, given its involvement modulation activity impact disease progression. integrates findings from recent studies provide comprehensive overview Piezo1's mechanistic pathways function. These insights illuminate new possibilities developing targeted therapies addressing CNS disorders with mechanics.

Language: Английский

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Electromagnetic fields regulate iron metabolism: From mechanisms to applications

Journal of Advanced Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: April 1, 2025

Electromagnetic fields (EMFs), as a form of physical therapy, have been widely applied in biomedicine. Iron, the most abundant trace metal living organisms, plays critical role various physiological processes, and imbalances its metabolism are closely associated with development progression numerous diseases. Numerous studies demonstrated that EMF exposureinduces significant changes both systemic cellular iron metabolism. This review aims to summarize evidence potential biophysical mechanisms underlying EMFs regulating metabolism, thereby enhancing understanding their biological expanding applications biomedical fields. In this review, we synthesized research findings proposed hypothesis regulate involve special electromagnetic properties iron-containing proteins iron-enriched tissues, well modulation membrane structure function, ion channels, generation activity Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS). Then, summarizes latest advances effects on safety, impact immunoregulation, cardiovascular diseases, neurological orthopedic diabetes, liver injury, cancer.

Language: Английский

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Transcranial magneto-acoustic stimulation improves spatial memory and modulates hippocampal neural oscillations in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease

Frontiers in Neuroscience, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 18

Published: Feb. 7, 2024

Introduction In our study, we applied transcranial magneto-acoustic stimulation (TMAS), a technique based on focused ultrasound within static magnetic field, in the APP/PS1 mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) to explore feasibility TMAS improving AD related spatial memory deficits and abnormal neural oscillations. Methods The mice treated with once daily for 21 days. We recorded local field potential signals hippocampal CA1 region after treatment in-vivo electrophysiology evaluated rehabilitative effect sharp-wave ripple (SWR), gamma oscillations during SWRs, phase-amplitude coupling (PAC). function was examined by Morris water maze (MWM) task. Results found that improved performance MWM cognitive functions compared group. Furthermore, results implied alleviated abnormalities increased slow power promoted theta-slow coupling. These findings suggest could have positive influence through modulation Discussion This work emphasizes serve as non-invasive method rehabilitation promote application more neurological brain aging diseases future.

Language: Английский

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Exercise-driven cellular autophagy: A bridge to systematic wellness

Journal of Advanced Research, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 1, 2025

Exercise enhances health by supporting homeostasis, bolstering defenses, and aiding disease recovery. It activates autophagy, a conserved cellular process essential for maintaining balance, while dysregulated autophagy contributes to progression. Despite extensive research on exercise independently, their interplay remains insufficiently understood. This review explores the molecular mechanisms of exercise-induced in various tissues, focusing key transduction pathways. examines how different types trigger specific autophagic responses, balance addressing systemic dysfunctions. The also highlights signaling pathways involved, roles protecting organ function, reducing risk, promoting longevity, offering clear understanding link between autophagy. Exercise-induced is governed highly coordinated dynamic integrating direct indirect mechanical forces biochemical signals, linking physical activity across multiple systems. Its activation influenced modality, intensity, duration, individual biological characteristics, including age, sex, muscle fiber composition. Aerobic exercises primarily engage AMPK mTOR pathways, mitochondrial quality homeostasis. Anaerobic training PI3K/Akt signaling, modulating molecules like FOXO3a Beclin1 drive repair. In pathological contexts, proteostasis, tissue regeneration, benefiting conditions sarcopenia, neurodegeneration, myocardial ischemia, metabolic disorders, cancer. However, excessive may lead overactivation, leading atrophy or cardiac remodeling. underscores critical need balanced regimens maximize therapeutic efficacy minimizing risks. Future should prioritize identifying reliable biomarkers, optimizing protocols, with pharmacological strategies enhance outcomes.

Language: Английский

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