The global human gut microbiome: genes, lifestyles, and diet

Trends in Molecular Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(10), P. 789 - 801

Published: July 27, 2023

Language: Английский

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Emerging role of the host microbiome in neuropsychiatric disorders: overview and future directions

Molecular Psychiatry, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 28(9), P. 3625 - 3637

Published: Sept. 1, 2023

Abstract The human body harbors a diverse ecosystem of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, collectively known as the microbiota. Current research is increasingly focusing on potential association between microbiota various neuropsychiatric disorders. resides in parts body, such oral cavity, nasal passages, lungs, gut, skin, bladder, vagina. gut gastrointestinal tract has received particular attention due to its high abundance role psychiatric neurodegenerative However, presents other tissues, though less abundant, also plays crucial immune system homeostasis, thus influencing development progression For example, imbalance associated periodontitis might increase risk for Additionally, studies using postmortem brain samples have detected widespread presence bacteria brains patients with Alzheimer’s disease. This article provides an overview emerging host disorders discusses future directions, underlying biological mechanisms, reliable biomarkers microbiota, microbiota-targeted interventions, this field.

Language: Английский

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Sesamin Alleviates Allergen-Induced Diarrhea by Restoring Gut Microbiota Composition and Intestinal Barrier Function

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 8, 2025

Food allergens are the key triggers of allergic diarrhea, causing damage to immune-rich ileum. This weakens mucosal barrier and tight junctions, increases intestinal permeability, exacerbates allergen exposure, thereby worsening condition. Sesamin, a natural lignan isolated from sesame seed, has shown potential in regulating immune responses, but its effects on health remain unclear. In this study, we constructed an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced diarrhea mouse model, which demonstrated increased mast cell degranulation, reduced junction integrity, impaired function. Pro-inflammatory cytokines were significantly ileum, along with unbalanced cluster differentiation 4 (CD4

Language: Английский

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Role of gastrointestinal health in managing children with autism spectrum disorder

World Journal of Clinical Pediatrics, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 171 - 196

Published: Sept. 5, 2023

Children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) or are more prone to gastrointestinal (GI) than the general population. These can significantly affect their health, learning, and development due various factors such as genetics, environment, behavior. The causes of GI in children ASD include gut dysbiosis, immune dysfunction, food sensitivities, digestive enzyme deficiencies, sensory processing differences. Many studies suggest that numerous experience problems, effective management is crucial. Diagnosing typically done through genetic, neurological, functional, behavioral assessments observations, while tests not consistently reliable. Some may increase risk developing exacerbating symptoms. Addressing issues individuals improve overall well-being, leading better behavior, cognitive function, educational abilities. Proper digestion, nutrient absorption, appetite by relieving physical discomfort pain. Alleviating symptoms sleep patterns, energy levels, contribute a sense ultimately quality life for individual improved family dynamics. primary goal interventions nutritional status, reduce symptom severity, promote balanced mood, patient independence.

Language: Английский

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Gut microbiota-derived metabolites and chronic inflammatory diseases

Exploration of Medicine, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: unknown

Published: Jan. 19, 2025

The gut microbiota, a complex ecosystem of microorganisms, plays an essential role in maintaining immune and metabolic homeostasis. Disruption this microbial balance, known as dysbiosis, has been increasingly implicated the pathogenesis chronic inflammatory conditions, including cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, autoimmune diseases, well disorders such diabetes obesity. A crucial mechanism through which microbiota exerts its effects on host physiology is via production bioactive metabolites. These metabolites, short-chain fatty acids, bile tryptophan derivatives, are key modulating responses regulating functions. Dysbiosis disrupts function these thereby contributing to dysregulation, inflammation, disease progression. This review examines microbiota-derived metabolites with focus their immunomodulatory effects. deeper understanding mechanisms may open way for novel therapeutic strategies aimed at restoring homeostasis mitigating global burden diseases.

Language: Английский

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Lactobacillus reuteri in digestive system diseases: focus on clinical trials and mechanisms

Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 13

Published: Aug. 18, 2023

Digestive system diseases have evolved into a growing global burden without sufficient therapeutic measures. Lactobacillus reuteri (L. reuteri) is considered as new potential economical therapy for its probiotic effects in the gastrointestinal system. We provided an overview of researches supporting various L. strains' application treating common digestive diseases, including infantile colic, diarrhea, constipation, functional abdominal pain, Helicobacter pylori infection, inflammatory bowel disease, diverticulitis, colorectal cancer and liver diseases.The summarized literature this review was derived from databases PubMed, Web Science, Google Scholar.The may depend on direct indirect mechanisms, metabolite production well modulation intestinal microbiome, preservation gut barrier function, regulation host immune These actions are largely strain-specific activation or inhibition certain signal pathways. It evidenced that can be effective both prophylactic measure preferred it also recommended adjuvant strategy to infection settings. While preclinical studies shown management these disease settings still needs further study.This focuses homeostasis via signaling pathways, emphasizes importance probiotics prospective treatment against several diseases.

Language: Английский

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Viruses and autism: A Bi-mutual cause and effect

World Journal of Virology, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 12(3), P. 172 - 192

Published: June 21, 2023

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of heterogeneous, multi-factorial, neurodevelopmental disorders resulting from genetic and environmental factors interplay.Infection significant trigger autism, especially during the critical developmental period.There strong interplay between viral infection as result ASD.We aim to highlight mutual relationship autism viruses.We performed thorough literature review included 158 research in this review.Most agreed on possible effects Al-Beltagi et al.Viruses WJV https://www.wjgnet.com

Language: Английский

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The Footprint of Microbiome in Pediatric Asthma—A Complex Puzzle for a Balanced Development

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 15(14), P. 3278 - 3278

Published: July 24, 2023

Considered to be of greater complexity than the human genome itself, microbiome, structure body made up trillions bacteria, viruses, and fungi, has proven play a crucial role in context development pathological processes body, starting from various infections, autoimmune diseases, atopies, culminating its involvement some forms cancer, diagnosis that is considered most disabling for patient psychological point view. Therefore, being cornerstone understanding optimal treatment multitude ailments, body’s microbiome become an intensively studied subject scientific literature last decade. This review aims bring microbiome–asthma correlation date by classifying asthmatic patterns, emphasizing patterns perinatal period impact pulmonary dysbiosis on symptoms children. Likewise, effects intestinal reflected at level homeostasis internal environment through intestine–lung/vital organs axis, circumstances which it occurs, but also main methods studying bacterial variability used diagnostic purposes research should not omitted. In conclusion, we draw current future therapeutic lines worthy consideration both obtaining maintaining remission, as well delaying primary acute episodes preventing relapses.

Language: Английский

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Lotic Ecosystem Sediment Microbial Communities’ Resilience to the Impact of Wastewater Effluents in a Polluted European Hotspot—Mureș Basin (Transylvania, Romania)

Water, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(3), P. 402 - 402

Published: Jan. 25, 2024

The aim of this study was to assess the impact WWTP effluents on sediment microbial communities throughout Mureș River. This shows existence an ecological equilibrium between effluent disruptors and resilience River microbiomes, a fact that suggests river’s stable/balanced status in regard, partly due communities’ local effluents. High-throughput 16S bacterial metabarcoding used evaluate sediment. Due lotic system’s sensitivity environmental changes, we assumed dependency these community structures functions abiotic parameters. results show that, although are equally diverse three locations (upstream WWTP, effluents, downstream WWTP), there is difference structure upstream samples samples, while contain mixture communities. Just sediment, influenced by specific input from effluents; nevertheless, river microbiome resilient able further recover its natural composition, as evidenced similarity at all locations. demonstrates capacity indicates status, part Based findings, monitoring system should be implemented here future.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 disease and autoimmune disorders: A mutual pathway

World Journal of Methodology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 12(4), P. 200 - 223

Published: July 14, 2022

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a real challenge for humanity with high morbidity and mortality. Despite being primarily respiratory illness, COVID-19 can affect nearly every human body tissue, causing many diseases. After viral infection, the immune system recognize antigens presented by cells. This response usually controlled terminated once infection aborted. Nevertheless, in some patients, reaction becomes out of control development autoimmune Several tissue showed strong antibodies directed against severe acute syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) proteins, such as SARS-CoV-2 S, N, target proteins. The immunogenic effects are due to sizeable RNA molecules interrupted transcription increasing pool epitopes increased chances molecular mimicry interaction host system, overlap between peptides, induced-tissue damage, robust complex binding sACE-2 S protein. Consequently, its vaccine may trigger diseases predisposed patient. review discusses mutual relation diseases, their interactive on each other, role triggering factors affecting severity patients suffering from different ways minimize risk

Language: Английский

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