Between Dysbiosis, Maternal Immune Activation and Autism: Is There a Common Pathway?

Nutrients, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 16(4), P. 549 - 549

Published: Feb. 16, 2024

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neuropsychiatric condition characterized by impaired social interactions and repetitive stereotyped behaviors. Growing evidence highlights an important role of the gut–brain–microbiome axis in pathogenesis ASD. Research indicates abnormal composition gut microbiome potential involvement bacterial molecules neuroinflammation brain development disruptions. Concurrently, attention directed towards short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) intestinal tightness. This comprehensive review emphasizes impact maternal microbiota changes on autism children, especially considering immune activation (MIA). The following paper evaluates birth route colonization child with bacteria first weeks life. Furthermore, it explores pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-6 IL-17a mother’s obesity potentially environmental factors purpose this to advance our understanding ASD pathogenesis, while also searching for positive implications latest therapies, probiotics, prebiotics or fecal transplantation, targeting reducing inflammation. aims provide valuable insights that could instruct future studies treatments individuals affected

Language: Английский

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Micronutrient deficiencies in children with autism spectrum disorders compared to typically developing children – A scoping review

Research in autism spectrum disorders, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 114, P. 102396 - 102396

Published: April 9, 2024

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental that may be influenced by various factors, including nutritional status. This scoping review, adhering to PRISMA-ScR guidelines, aims systematically explore and synthesize the existing literature on micronutrient (vitamins, minerals trace elements) deficiencies in children with ASD how they differ from general population of typically developing children. A comprehensive search strategy was employed across multiple databases, selecting studies quantitatively assessed levels control groups. The inclusion 34 full-text publications 17 countries provided geographically diverse sample, ensuring broad overview field. findings present complex picture ASD. recurrent observation lower vitamin D studies, while results for other vitamins, such as vitamins E, like iron (ferritin), iodine, zinc were mixed contradictory. heterogeneity study methodologies, participant characteristics, controls confounding supplementation, noted significant variables influencing outcomes. review accentuates crucial need standardized methodologies future research underlying mechanisms altered determine potential therapeutic implications. Emphasis careful consideration external variables, dietary habits imperative draw valid, reproducible conclusions subsequent studies.

Language: Английский

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Impact of Gluten-Free and Casein-Free diet on the quality of life of Autistic children and Adolescents: A Scoping review

Published: May 30, 2024

Background: Gluten and casein-containing foods could aggravate the symptoms of children adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), subsequently impact their quality life. However, there is a mixed opinion among researchers concerning alternative diet on reducing ASD symptoms. Objective: This scoping review aimed at examining ‘’gluten-free, casein-free’’ (GFCF) health outcomes life autistic adolescents. Methods: A literature was performed following Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines. Four databases including EbscoHost, Medline, CINAHL ProQuest were used to obtain subject-specific studies relevant research question published between July 2013 March 2024. comprehensive search using keywords such as “autism disorder”, “gluten-free diet”, “casein-free diet” conducted articles related focus area. Only full-text, peer-reviewed, written in English selected. Data extraction data analysis according Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses- extension Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) protocol. Results: From initial 586 total 27 included final review. The thematic ‘GFCF improvement core symptoms’’, “the gut-brain link’’, ‘’dietary interventions autism’’, ‘’possible side effects due GCFC diet’’, ‘’ inconclusive opinions’’. Majority showed positive effect GFCF variety changes cognitive skills, behaviour, gastrointestinal while some conflicting evidence. Conclusion: currently available evidence ‘GFCF’’ may warrant potentially effective alleviating disorders. this highlighted need more provide reliable sufferers guide practice.

Language: Английский

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Impact of Gluten-Free and Casein-Free Diet on Behavioural Outcomes and Quality of Life of Autistic Children and Adolescents: A Scoping Review

Children, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 11(7), P. 862 - 862

Published: July 16, 2024

Background: Gluten- and casein-containing foods could aggravate the symptoms of children adolescents with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), subsequently impact their quality life. However, there is a mixed opinion among researchers concerning alternative diet on reducing ASD symptoms. Objective: This scoping review aimed at examining “gluten-free, casein-free” (GFCF) health outcomes life autistic adolescents. Methods: A literature was performed following Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidelines. Four databases, including EbscoHost, Medline, CINAHL, ProQuest, were used to obtain subject-specific studies relevant research question published between July 2013 March 2024. comprehensive search using keywords such as “autism disorder”, “gluten-free diet”, “casein-free diet” conducted articles related focus area. Only full-text, peer-reviewed, written in English selected. Data extraction data analysis according Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews Meta-Analyses-extension Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) protocol. Results: From initial 586 studies, total 27 included final review. The thematic “GFCF improvement core symptoms”, “the gut–brain link”, “dietary interventions autism”, “possible side effects due GCFC “inconclusive opinions”. majority showed positive effect GFCF variety symptoms, changes cognitive skills, behaviour, gastrointestinal while some conflicting evidence. Conclusions: currently available evidence “GFCF” may warrant potentially effective alleviating disorders. this highlights need more provide reliable sufferers guide practice.

Language: Английский

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The Role of Oxidative Stress in Autism Spectrum Disorder Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 13(2), P. 388 - 388

Published: Feb. 6, 2025

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a significant health problem with no known single cause. There vast number of evidence to suggest that oxidative stress plays an important role in this disorder. The author article reviewed the current literature order summarise knowledge on subject. In paper, investigated context its influence pathogenesis, use biomarkers as diagnostic tools and antioxidants ASD treatment. Given heterogeneity aetiology inadequate treatment approaches, search for common metabolic traits essential find more efficient methods. are increasing data involved pathogenesis ASD, both directly through interplay inflammation mitochondrial dysfunction. Oxidative appear have good potential be used aid early diagnosis ASD. results most promising glutathione derivatives also isoprostanses. Probably, complex dedicated multi-parametric panels may future. Antioxidants show ASD-supportive all described fields, support importance but need further research, especially sample size and, preferably, multicentre approach.

Language: Английский

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Nutritional Factors and Therapeutic Interventions in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Narrative Review

Children, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 12(2), P. 202 - 202

Published: Feb. 8, 2025

Objective: To explore recent findings on how nutritional, gastrointestinal, social, and epigenetic factors interact in autism spectrum disorder, highlighting their implications for clinical management intervention strategies that could improve development quality of life affected children. Sources: Studies published from 2000 to 2024 the PubMed, Web Science, Scopus, Scielo, Lilacs, Google Scholar databases were collected. The process review adhered Search, Appraisal, Synthesis, Analysis framework. Summary findings: Children with disorder have restrictive eating habits often exhibit food selectivity either hyper- or hypo-sensory characteristics. This provides an overview literature diagnosis including involvement family members meals, sharing a healthy diet positive relationship food, importance exploring visual, olfactory, tactile experiences introducing new foods through play activities expand repertoire. Modifications microbiota gastrointestinal disorders may also be present are presented due frequent nutritional repercussions. medium long-term preferences behavior issues status discussed, given tendency children consume low-quality energy-dense foods, leading problems. Conclusions: feeding difficulties, especially selectivity, problems, changes can evolve micronutrient deficiencies, malnutrition obesity. describes evidence possible targets interventions aiming health disorder.

Language: Английский

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Bibliometric insights into pica: A psychological perspective on evolving research trends

Journal of Behavioral and Cognitive Therapy, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 35(2), P. 100523 - 100523

Published: Feb. 17, 2025

Language: Английский

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Impact of probiotic supplements on behavioural and gastrointestinal symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder: A randomised controlled trial

BMJ Paediatrics Open, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 9(1), P. e003045 - e003045

Published: March 1, 2025

To investigate whether probiotic supplementation can improve behavioural and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) aged 2-9 years further explore the correlation between these symptoms. Single-blinded, randomised, placebo-controlled study. Five developmental paediatric outpatient clinics of 'Continua Kids'. Children diagnosed ASD along their caregivers. Probiotic or placebo sachet reconstituted 50 mL lukewarm milk/water, taken two times per day for 3 months. Change (measured by Social Responsiveness Scale-2 (SRS-2) Aberrant Behaviour Checklist-2 (ABC-2) tools) GI Severity Index (GSI) score) after receiving intervention A total 180 were enrolled study (probiotic group: 90 90). All completed The group showed a significant reduction symptom severity as measured SRS-2 tool (47.77% vs 23.33%; p=0.000) compared placebo. Probiotic-treated demonstrated reductions severe symptoms, including social withdrawal/lethargy (40%), stereotypic behaviour (37.77%), hyperactivity (34.44%) inappropriate speech (32.22%) post-intervention (p=0.000). They also had marked improvements constipation (p=0.003) diarrhoea (p=0.043) group. Both groups exhibited statistically improved no adverse effects. significantly correlated. However, results need to be validated larger sample size. CTRI/2021/11/038213.

Language: Английский

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Oxidative Stress Indicated by Nuclear Transcription Factor Nrf2 and Glutathione Status in the Blood of Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Pilot Study

Antioxidants, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 14(3), P. 320 - 320

Published: March 6, 2025

This pilot study investigated the relationship between nuclear transcription factor Nrf2 and glutathione homeostasis in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), addressing role of oxidative stress ASD pathophysiology. Oxidative stress, characterized by an imbalance reactive oxygen species antioxidant defenses, has been implicated may contribute to neuroinflammation mitochondrial dysfunction. Nrf2, a key regulator response, influences synthesis recycling, making it critical for cellular redox balance. included 23 21 neurotypical healthy controls, measured levels Keap1 (Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1), reduced (GSH), oxidized (GSSG), reductase (GR), peroxidase (GPx3) blood samples. Our reveals altered defense disorder, as evidenced Keap1, GSH, GR, along elevated GSSG lower GSH/GSSG ratio. These findings indicate increased burden this population. Additionally, observed positive correlation GR suggests important maintaining homeostasis. results underscore potential involvement emphasize need further research into targeted therapeutic approaches address imbalance.

Language: Английский

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Metal Dyshomeostasis as a Driver of Gut Pathology in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Journal of Neurochemistry, Journal Year: 2025, Volume and Issue: 169(3)

Published: March 1, 2025

ABSTRACT Despite being classified as neurodevelopmental disorders, in recent years, there has been a growing interest the association between autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and gut pathology. This comprehensive systematic review explores potential mechanism underlying pathology ASDs, including alterations microbiota, intestinal permeability, immune dysregulation, gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. Specifically, it delves into role of toxic essential metals their interplay, affecting development function GI tract. The also discusses implications this management ASDs. Studies have shown that heavy metal exposure, whether through environmental sources or dietary intake, can disrupt delicate balance trace elements gut. disruption adversely affect zinc homeostasis, potentially exacerbating individuals with impaired absorption resulting from exposure may contribute to oxidative stress, inflammation observed By shedding light on multifaceted nature pathology, impact dyshomeostasis non‐genetic factor ASD, underscores significance gut‐brain axis etiology image

Language: Английский

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