Extracellular Vesicles and Exosomes: Novel Insights and Perspectives on Lung Cancer from Early Detection to Targeted Treatment

Biomedicines, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 12(1), P. 123 - 123

Published: Jan. 7, 2024

Lung cancer demands innovative approaches for early detection and targeted treatment. In addressing this urgent need, exosomes play a pivotal role in revolutionizing both the treatment of lung cancer. Their remarkable capacity to encapsulate diverse range biomolecules, traverse biological barriers, be engineered with specific targeting molecules makes them highly promising diagnostic markers precise drug delivery cells. Furthermore, an in-depth analysis exosomal content biogenesis offers crucial insights into molecular profile tumors. This knowledge holds significant potential development therapies strategies Despite notable progress field, challenges standardization cargo loading persist. Collaborative research efforts are imperative maximize advance field precision medicine benefit patients.

Language: Английский

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Understanding exosomes: Part 2—Emerging leaders in regenerative medicine

Periodontology 2000, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 94(1), P. 257 - 414

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Abstract Exosomes are the smallest subset of extracellular signaling vesicles secreted by most cells with ability to communicate other tissues and cell types over long distances. Their use in regenerative medicine has gained tremendous momentum recently due their be utilized as therapeutic options for a wide array diseases/conditions. Over 5000 publications currently being published yearly on this topic, number is only expected dramatically increase novel strategies continue developed. Today exosomes have been applied numerous contexts including neurodegenerative disorders (Alzheimer's disease, central nervous system, depression, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's post‐traumatic stress disorders, traumatic brain injury, peripheral nerve injury), damaged organs (heart, kidney, liver, stroke, myocardial infarctions, ovaries), degenerative processes (atherosclerosis, diabetes, hematology musculoskeletal degeneration, osteoradionecrosis, respiratory disease), infectious diseases (COVID‐19, hepatitis), procedures (antiaging, bone regeneration, cartilage/joint osteoarthritis, cutaneous wounds, dental dermatology/skin erectile dysfunction, hair regrowth, intervertebral disc repair, spinal cord vascular regeneration), cancer therapy (breast, colorectal, gastric osteosarcomas), immune function (allergy, autoimmune regulation, inflammatory diseases, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis). This scoping review first its kind aimed at summarizing extensive potential broad range disorders.

Language: Английский

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Exosomes in brain diseases: Pathogenesis and therapeutic targets

MedComm, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 4(3)

Published: June 1, 2023

Exosomes are extracellular vesicles with diameters of about 100 nm that naturally secreted by cells into body fluids. They derived from endosomes and wrapped in lipid membranes. involved intracellular metabolism intercellular communication. contain nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, metabolites the cell microenvironment cytoplasm. The contents exosomes can reflect their cells' origin allow observation tissue changes states under disease conditions. Naturally have specific biomolecules act as "fingerprint" parent cells, changed pathological conditions be used biomarkers for diagnosis. low immunogenicity, small size, cross blood-brain barrier. These characteristics make unique engineering carriers. incorporate therapeutic drugs achieve targeted drug delivery. carriers therapy still infancy, but exosome provides a new perspective cell-free therapy. This review discussed relationship occurrence treatment some neuropsychiatric diseases. In addition, future applications diagnosis disorders were evaluated this review.

Language: Английский

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Review of Technological Challenges in Personalised Medicine and Early Diagnosis of Neurodegenerative Disorders

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 24(4), P. 3321 - 3321

Published: Feb. 7, 2023

Neurodegenerative disorders are characterised by progressive neuron loss in specific brain areas. The most common Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease; both cases, diagnosis is based on clinical tests with limited capability to discriminate between similar neurodegenerative detect the early stages of disease. It that time a patient diagnosed disease, level neurodegeneration already severe. Thus, it critical find new diagnostic methods allow earlier more accurate detection. This study reviews available for diseases potentially interesting technologies. Neuroimaging techniques widely used practice, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) positron emission tomography (PET) have significantly improved quality. Identifying biomarkers peripheral samples blood or cerebrospinal fluid major focus current research diseases. discovery good markers could preventive screening identify asymptomatic process. These methods, combination artificial intelligence, contribute generation predictive models will help clinicians diagnosis, stratification, prognostic assessment patients, leading improvements treatment quality life.

Language: Английский

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Environmental pollutants and exosomes: A new paradigm in environmental health and disease

The Science of The Total Environment, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 925, P. 171774 - 171774

Published: March 18, 2024

Language: Английский

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Macrophage-Derived Exosomes as Advanced Therapeutics for Inflammation: Current Progress and Future Perspectives

International Journal of Nanomedicine, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: Volume 19, P. 1597 - 1627

Published: Feb. 1, 2024

Abstract: The development of numerous diseases is significantly influenced by inflammation. Macrophage-derived exosomes (M-Exos) play a role in controlling inflammatory reactions various conditions, including chronic pain, hypertension, and diabetes. However, the specific targets roles M-Exos regulating inflammation remain largely unknown. This review summarizes current knowledge on biogenesis provides updated information M-Exos' biological function modulation. Furthermore, this highlights functionalization engineering strategies M-Exos, while providing an overview cutting-edge approaches to advancements their application as therapeutics for Finally, multiple mechanisms are presented along with perspectives challenges, potential contribution that may have through modulation discussed. Keywords: inflammation, macrophage-derived exosomes, functions, modulation,

Language: Английский

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Therapeutic Potential Effect of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 Beta (GSK-3β) Inhibitors in Parkinson Disease: Exploring an Overlooked Avenue

Molecular Neurobiology, Journal Year: 2024, Volume and Issue: 61(9), P. 7092 - 7108

Published: Feb. 17, 2024

Abstract Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative of the brain due to degeneration dopaminergic neurons in substantia nigra (SN). Glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta (GSK-3β) implicated pathogenesis PD. Therefore, purpose present review was revise mechanistic role GSK-3β PD neuropathology, and how inhibitors affect neuropathology. GSK-3 conserved threonine/serine protein that intricate regulation cellular anabolic catabolic pathways by modulating glycogen synthase. Over-expression also interconnected with development different diseases. However, underlying mechanism neuropathology not fully clarified. induces triggering mitochondrial dysfunction oxidative stress SN. NF-κB NLRP3 inflammasome are activated response dysregulated leading neuronal injury. Higher expression early stages might contribute reduction neuroprotective brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Thus, may be effective reducing inflammatory disorders which associated

Language: Английский

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Small but Mighty—Exosomes, Novel Intercellular Messengers in Neurodegeneration

Biology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 11(3), P. 413 - 413

Published: March 8, 2022

Exosomes of endosomal origin are one class extracellular vesicles that important in intercellular communication. released by all cells our body and their cargo consisting lipids, proteins nucleic acids has a footprint reflective parental origin. The exosomal the power to modulate physiology recipient vicinity releasing or at distance. Harnessing potential exosomes relies upon purity exosome preparation. Hence, many methods for isolation have been developed we provide succinct summary several methods. In spite seclusion imposed blood-brain barrier, CNS not immune from intrusive influences. Both neurons glia release exosomes, often an activity-dependent manner. A brief description different brain role maintaining homeostasis is provided. hallmark neurodegenerative diseases accumulation protein aggregates. Recent studies implicate exosomes' communicator spread misfolded aiding propagation pathology. this review, discuss contributions made progression Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Understanding pathogenesis neurodegeneration opens field employing as therapeutic agents drug delivery since do cross barrier.

Language: Английский

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miR-100a-5p-enriched exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells enhance the anti-oxidant effect in a Parkinson’s disease model via regulation of Nox4/ROS/Nrf2 signaling

Journal of Translational Medicine, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 21(1)

Published: Oct. 24, 2023

Abstract Background The pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD) has not been fully elucidated, and there are no effective disease-modifying drugs for the treatment PD. Mesenchymal stem cells have used to treat several diseases, but readily available. Methods Here, we phenotypically uniform trophoblast stage-derived mesenchymal (T-MSCs) from embryonic cells, which capable stable production, their exosomes (T-MSCs-Exo) explore molecular mechanisms involved in dopaminergic (DA) neuron protection PD models using experimental assays (e.g., western blotting, immunofluorescence immunohistochemistry staining). Results We assessed levels DA injury oxidative stress MPTP-induced mice MPP + -induced MN9D after treating them with T-MSCs or T-MSCs-Exo. Furthermore, T-MSCs-Exo miRNA sequencing analysis revealed that miR-100-5p-enriched directly targeted 3′ UTR NOX4 , could protect against loss neurons, maintain nigro-striatal system function, ameliorate motor deficits, reduce via Nox4-ROS-Nrf2 axis models. Conclusions study suggests may be a promising biological agent Graphical Schematic summary mechanism underlying neuroprotective actions Exo inhibit expression level target gene by delivering miR-100-5p, thereby reducing ROS production alleviating axis, thus improving damage

Language: Английский

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Mitochondrial Toxicant-Induced Neuronal Apoptosis in Parkinson’s Disease: What We Know so Far

Degenerative Neurological and Neuromuscular Disease, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: Volume 13, P. 1 - 13

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Abstract: Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common progressive neurodegenerative diseases caused by loss dopamine-producing neuronal cells in region substantia nigra pars compacta brain. During biological aging, slowly undergo degeneration, but rate cell death increases tremendously under some pathological conditions, leading to irreversible diseases. By time symptoms PD usually appear, more than 50 60% have already been destroyed. often start with tremors, followed slow movement, stiffness, and postural imbalance. The etiology still unknown; however, besides genetics, several factors contribute disease, including exposure pesticides, environmental chemicals, solvents, heavy metals. Postmortem brain tissues patients show mitochondrial abnormalities, dysfunction electron transport chain. Most chemicals present our environment shown target mitochondria; remarkably, a mild deficiency NADH dehydrogenase activity, signifying possible link between dysfunction. Inhibition complexes generates free radicals that further attack macromolecules neuropathological conditions. Apart from that, oxidative stress also causes neuroinflammation-mediated neurodegeneration due activation microglial cells. However, mechanism dysfunction, especially chain, pathogenesis remains unclear. This review discusses recent updates explains mechanisms toxicant-induced neuroinflammation PD. Keywords: apoptosis, toxicant, disorder,

Language: Английский

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