COVID-19-associated fungal infections

Nature Microbiology, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 7(8), P. 1127 - 1140

Published: Aug. 2, 2022

Language: Английский

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Epidemiology and Pathophysiology of COVID-19-Associated Mucormycosis: India Versus the Rest of the World

Mycopathologia, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 186(6), P. 739 - 754

Published: Aug. 19, 2021

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to a concerning resurgence of mucormycosis. More than 47,000 cases mucormycosis were reported in three months from India. We update our systematic review on COVID-19-associated (CAM) till June 21st, 2021, comparing India and elsewhere. included individual patient details 275 CAM, which 233 42 the rest world. Diabetes mellitus was most common underlying risk factor for CAM other countries. fatality rate (36.5%) less globally (61.9%), probably due predominance rhino-orbital On multivariate analysis, we found that pulmonary or disseminated admission intensive care unit associated with increased mortality, while combination medical therapy improved survival. paucity suggests these either not diagnosed reported, further supported by trend search data Google engine. In this review, discuss factors explaining substantial rise CAM. also propose hypothetical model describing epidemiologic triad

Language: Английский

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COVID-19 and mucormycosis superinfection: the perfect storm

Infection, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 49(5), P. 833 - 853

Published: July 24, 2021

The recent emergence of the Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) disease had been associated with reports fungal infections such as aspergillosis and mucormycosis especially among critically ill patients treated steroids. surge in cases COVID-19 India during second wave pandemic increased reporting invasive post COVID-19. There are multiple case series describing In this review, we included most reported case-series describe clinical features outcome. Many were eported from India, who recovered patients. commonly infection sites rhino-orbital/rhino-cerebral mucormycosis. Those diabetic corticosteroids therapy for controlling severity COVID-19, leading to a higher fatality complicating scenario. triad severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), corticosteroid use uncontrolled diabetes mellitus have evident significant increase incidence angioinvasive maxillofacial addition, presence spores other factors might play role well. With ongoing increasing number infected SARS-CoV-2, it is important develop risk-based approach at risk based on epidemiological burden mucormycosis, prevalence mellitus, immune modulating agents including combined immunosuppressive cancer transplants.

Language: Английский

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COVID-19–associated mucormycosis: Evidence-based critical review of an emerging infection burden during the pandemic’s second wave in India

PLoS neglected tropical diseases, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 15(11), P. e0009921 - e0009921

Published: Nov. 18, 2021

Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), during the second wave in early 2021, has caused devastating chaos India. As daily infection rates rise alarmingly, number of severe cases increased dramatically. The country encountered health infrastructure inadequacy and excessive demand for hospital beds, drugs, vaccines, oxygen. Adding more burden to such a challenging situation, mucormycosis, an invasive fungal infection, seen sudden surge patients with COVID-19. rhino-orbital-cerebral form is most common type observed. In particular, approximately three-fourths them had diabetes as predisposing comorbidity received corticosteroids treat Possible mechanisms may involve immune inflammatory processes. Diabetes, when coupled COVID-19–induced systemic change, tends cause decreased immunity risk secondary infections. Since comprehensive data on this fatal opportunistic are evolving against backdrop major pandemic, prevention strategies primarily managing comorbid conditions high-risk groups. recommended treatment included surgical debridement antifungal therapy using Amphotericin B selected azoles. Several India-centric clinical guidelines have emerged rightly diagnose characterise presentation, understand pathogenesis involved, track disease course. Code Mucor one, which proposes simple but reliable staging system form. A recently been proposed, dedicated registry started. critical review, we extensively analyse recent evidence guidance COVID-19–associated mucormycosis

Language: Английский

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Multicenter Case–Control Study of COVID-19–Associated Mucormycosis Outbreak, India

Emerging infectious diseases, Journal Year: 2023, Volume and Issue: 29(1), P. 8 - 19

Published: Jan. 1, 2023

Abstract We performed a case–control study across 25 hospitals in India for the period of January–June 2021 to evaluate reasons an COVID-19–associated mucormycosis (CAM) outbreak. investigated whether COVID-19 treatment practices (glucocorticoids, zinc, tocilizumab, and others) were associated with CAM. included 1,733 cases CAM 3,911 age-matched controls. found cumulative glucocorticoid dose (odds ratio [OR] 1.006, 95% CI 1.004–1.007) zinc supplementation (OR 2.76, 2.24–3.40), along elevated C-reactive protein 1.004, 1.002–1.006), host factors (renal transplantation [OR 7.58, 3.31–17.40], diabetes mellitus 6.72, 5.45–8.28], diabetic ketoacidosis during 4.41, 2.03–9.60]), rural residence 2.88, 2.12–3.79), significantly Mortality rate at 12 weeks was 32.2% (473/1,471). emphasize judicious use therapies optimal glycemic control prevent

Language: Английский

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Invasive Fungal Infections Complicating COVID-19: A Narrative Review

Journal of Fungi, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 7(11), P. 921 - 921

Published: Oct. 29, 2021

Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) can complicate the clinical course of COVID-19 and are associated with a significant increase in mortality, especially critically ill patients admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU). This narrative review concerns 4099 cases IFIs 58,784 involved 168 studies. COVID-19-associated invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA) is diagnostic challenge because its non-specific clinical/imaging features fact that proposed clinically algorithms do not really apply patients. Forty-seven observational studies 41 case reports have described total 478 CAPA were mainly diagnosed on basis cultured respiratory specimens and/or biomarkers/molecular biology, usually without histopathological confirmation. Candidemia widely secondary infection undergoing prolonged hospitalisation, 401 indicate high crude mortality rates 56.1% 74.8%, respectively. often characterised by presence known risk factors for candidemia such as in-dwelling vascular catheters, mechanical ventilation, broad-spectrum antibiotics. We also describe 3185 mucormycosis (including 1549 rhino-orbital (48.6%)), which main factor history poorly controlled diabetes mellitus (>76%). Its diagnosis involves examination tissue biopsies, treatment requires anti-fungal therapy combined aggressive surgical resection/debridement, but again high: 50.8% 16% The other severely immunocompromised show SARS-CoV-2 capable stunning host immune system: 20 Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, 5 cryptococcosis, 4 histoplasmosis, 1 coccidioides infection, due Fusarium spp., Scedosporium.

Language: Английский

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Coronavirus Disease 2019–Associated Mucormycosis: Risk Factors and Mechanisms of Disease

Clinical Infectious Diseases, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 74(7), P. 1279 - 1283

Published: Aug. 20, 2021

The severe surge of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases on the Indian subcontinent in early 2021 was marked by an unusually high number COVID-19-associated mucormycosis (CAM) reported during this same period. This is significantly higher than predicted based available data about prevalence and risk factors for condition. may be due to unusual alignment multiple There background India likely from a factors, including undiagnosed or poorly controlled diabetes. COVID-19-induced immune dysregulation suppression steroid therapy increase risk. role environmental exposure unclear. System such as lack access healthcare pandemic result delayed diagnosis suboptimal management with potentially poor outcomes. Here, we review currently identified pathogenesis CAM surge.

Language: Английский

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Mucormycosis in COVID-19 pandemic: Risk factors and linkages

Current Research in Microbial Sciences, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 2, P. 100057 - 100057

Published: Aug. 8, 2021

Mucormycosis is a serious and potentially fatal fungal infection caused by type of rare but opportunistic pathogen called mucormycetes. Recently, mucormycosis, also known as black fungus, made severe chaos in India during the second wave (between April June 2021) tragical COVID-19 epidemic its sudden devastating surge with up to 50% mortality rate. While exact cause sharp rise suddenly specifically still remains debatable, it has been noted that people who are diabetic have recovered from more predisposed mucormycosis. Nevertheless, precise reason mechanism(s) underlying this deadly needs be investigated comprehend pathogenesis pathological elements discover rationale preventative/ therapeutic solutions. It speculated indiscriminate use steroids, antibiotics zinc self-medication practice increased may promoted dysbiosis gut microbiota thereby inducing immune-suppression making risk group highly susceptible mycotic disease. In these contexts, timely article attempts contemplate discuss some possible factors potential mechanisms can help understand explain conundrum sudden, steep upsurge mucormycosis infections epidemic.

Language: Английский

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Emerging Fungal Infections: New Species, New Names, and Antifungal Resistance

Clinical Chemistry, Journal Year: 2021, Volume and Issue: 68(1), P. 83 - 90

Published: Sept. 30, 2021

Infections caused by fungi can be important causes of morbidity and mortality in certain patient populations, including those who are highly immunocompromised or critically ill. Invasive mycoses well-known species, as well emerging pathogens, that resistant to clinically available antifungals.

Language: Английский

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Let's talk about sex characteristics—As a risk factor for invasive fungal diseases

Mycoses, Journal Year: 2022, Volume and Issue: 65(6), P. 599 - 612

Published: April 29, 2022

Abstract Biological sex, which comprises differences in host sex hormone homeostasis and immune responses, can have a substantial impact on the epidemiology of infectious diseases. Comprehensive data distributions invasive fungal diseases (IFDs) are lacking. In this review, we performed literature search vitro/animal studies, clinical systematic reviews meta‐analyses infections. Females represented 51.2% candidiasis cases, mostly matching proportions females among general population United States Europe (>51%). contrast, other IFDs were overrepresented males, including aspergillosis (51% males), mucormycosis (60%), cryptococcosis (74%), coccidioidomycosis (70%), histoplasmosis (61%) blastomycosis (66%). Behavioural variations, as well related to biological may only part explain these findings. Further investigations concerning association between sex/gender pathogenesis warranted.

Language: Английский

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